Pharmaceutical Microbiology I
PHT 313
‫وصف المقرر‬
‫يتناول ه ذا المق رر رراة ا المروروت ال المة للا لض را و يش م المق رر ى ال‬
‫أف رر رسرة را وه ت اللوتريول ويت و المروول ويت وال ررولويت ويع ا اللوترريول ويت ى‬
‫ث الموورال العنقوريا ونختص تاراة ا ف اص ر‬
‫المقرر و يتناول اللوترريا المةللا لض را‬
‫المروروب ث شو ه وخ اس ه والعوا الممرضا المج ور ف ت المرو روب الت ت فة اىا ى ال‬
‫ث األنتجرن الةطحت والةموم واألنزيمال الخ واأل را الت ت فح ا توي ور‬
‫حاو المر‬
‫ر وطريق ا انتش ارت وفت ر ح انته ورر ر ا فش خرص الم ر‬
‫المرو روب ووص ف ر‬
‫أ ا تالنة لا لع‬
‫إر رنرور ا و عم ر ا وط را الوااي ا والتطع ر ووتاسر ال وط را ى ن الم ر‬
‫ال طريال فرشم فقةرمه لةطا ل طريال ورراةا ال طريال المةللا لض را المهم ا طلر ا‬
PHT226 ‫أ ا ى ال رروةال فارس فت‬
Course description:
Topics of this course cover the fundamentals of organisms causing
infections to humans for undergraduate pharmaceutical students. This
course includes three major topics "bacteriology, mycology and
virology". Medical bacteriology covered the important micro-organism
causing disease. Each micro-organism is studied from the following
topics: Morphology and characters, virulence factors "surface antigen,
toxins and enzymes", pathogenesis, the disease caused by infectious
micro-organism, clinical and laboratory diagnosis, prophylaxis,
epidemiology, vaccination and treatment. Medical mycology involved
introduction and classification of fungi. In addition, study of medically
important fungi that caused human disease. Medical virology was
previously studied under PHT226.
Prerequisite:
PHT226
Credits:
Three credits distributed as 2+1 (Lectures + Laboratory)
Course Proficiencies:
The students at the end of the course must be able to:
1- Define of causative agents causing human diseases
2- Define Role of virulence factors to established the diseases
3- Describe the of mode of transmission of the infectious diseases,
incubation period of pathogenic micro-organisms, and signs and
symptoms of the disease
4- Define the basis of diagnosis of micro-organism-causing infection
5- Describe the fundamentals of epidemiology of diseases, in addition
their prophylaxis, prevention and control, vaccination and
treatment of infectious diseases
Course Assessments:
1st theoretical quiz
15%
2nd theoretical quiz
15%
1st practical examination
15%
2nd practical examination
15%
Final theoretical examination
40%
Total marks
100%
Required Readings
1- Practical and theoretical textbooks in medical microbiology for
pharmacy undergraduate students.
2- Many
websites
such
http://www.cehs.siu.edu/fix/medmicro/INDEX.htm.
as
3- "Mackie and McCartney": Practical medical microbiology 3rd ed,
Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, and New York".
4- "Bailey and Scott's: Diagnostic Microbiology (Color Atlas and Textbook
of Diagnostic Microbiology)".
5- Tovar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology is available as a free
electronic reference in this course. The Table of Contents page has
a searchable index.
6- Check the Medical and Diagnostic Microbiology textbooks in the
university library.
Content of Lectures Given in Pharmaceutical Microbiology II (PHT
313):
Course topics
Gram-positive cocci:
Number of
lectures
4
Content o Lectures
Gram-negative cocci:
2
Non-spore forming
Gram-positive rods
2
Streptocococcaceae: streptococci & enterococci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis &
Baranhemalla.
Corynebacterium & Listeria.
Aerobic spore forming
Gram-positive rods
1
Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus
Anaerobic spore
forming Grampositive rods
Gram-negative rods:
Enterobacteriaceae
Gram-negative rods:
Enterobacteriaceae
Gram-negative rods:
Pseudomonadaceae
Gram-negative rods:
Vibrionaceaeaceae
Gram-negative rods:
Parvobacteria
Gram-negative rods:
Other curved
organisms
Gram-negative rods:
zoonotic organisms
Anaerobic Gramnegative rods
Acid fast bacteria
1
Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulinum,
Clostridium perfringenes, Clostridium difficile
2
E. coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter , Enterobacter"
2
Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Yersinia" "
1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1
Vibrio cholorae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus
2
Haemophilus, Brucella, Bordetella.
1
Helicobacter & Campylobacter
1
Pasteurella, Francisella.
1
Bacterioids fragilis, and Legionella
1
branched bacteria
Cell wall deficient
organisms
Spirochates
Obligate intracellular
bacteria
Medically important
fungi
1
1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium
bovis, Mycobacterium leprae & Nocardia
Actinomyces
Chalamydiae & Mycoplasma
1
1
Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira
Rickettsia, coxiella, Ehrlichia
2
Candida albicans & Cryptococcus neoformans
Microcococcaceae: staphylococci & micrococci
Laboratory Exercises for Pharmaceutical Microbiology II (PHT
313): (3hours/Lab):
Week
Topic
Lab description
1
Staphylococci
Use of catalase test to differentiate between staphylococci and
streptococci. Laboratory diagnosis of staphylococci by gram stain and
biochemical tests as coagulase, DNase, Mannitol fermentation on
Mannitol salt agar and novobiocin sensitivity tests to differentiate
between S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus using
2
Streptococci
Use of blood agar to differentiate between , ,  haemolytic
streptococci. Use of bacitracin to identify Strepococcus pyogenes. Use
of CAMP test to identify Streptococcus agalactiae. Use of optochin
and bile soloubility tests to differentiate between viridans streptococci
and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
3
Corynebacterium
Use of Gram stain to characterize the morphology of
Corynebacterium. Use of Loefflers serum agar medium as growing
medium for corynebacteria. Elek's test and sucrose fermentation to
differentiate between Corynebacterium diphtheriae and diphtherioids.
4
Bacillus
Gram stains to characterize Gram-positive bacilli. Spore staining to
characterize the spores of Bacillus. Motility test and hemolysis on
blood agar to dipherntiate between Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus
cereus
5
Clostridium
6
Enterobacteriaceae
Gram stains to characterize Gram-negative bacilli. Oxidase test, nitrate
reductase test and oxidative fermentative test to identify
Enterobacteriaceae. Use of common selective and differential media to
differentiate between lactose and non-lactose fermenters.
7
Enterobacteriaceae
Use of Indole, methyl red, voges proskauer, and citrate "MViC" test to
differentiate between members of Enterobacteriaceae. Also use of
urease test, motility test and TSI agar test to differentiate between
Enterobacteriaceae.
8
1st examination
9
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
10
Vibrio cholorae
Gram stains to characterize Gram-positive bacilli. Spore staining to
characterize the spores of Clostridium. Nagler's reaction and Sormy
clot formation to identify Clostridium.
Gram stains to characterize Gram-negative bacilli. Oxidase test, nitrate
reductase test and oxidative fermentative test to identify
Pseudomonas. Use of selective "Cetermide" media to grow of
Pseudomonas and exhibition of exo-pigments on nutrient agar.
Liquefaction of gelatin.
Gram stains to characterize Gram-negative curved bacilli. Oxidase
test, nitrate reductase test and oxidative fermentative test to identify
Vibrionaceae. Use of common selective and differential media
"TCBS" to identify Vibrio cholorae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
11
Haemophilus
influnzae
Gram stains to characterize Gram-negative bacilli. Use of enriched
media "Chocolate agar" to grow Haemophilus. X and V factor test and
satalletism to identify Haemophilus.
11
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Acid fast stains to charactize acid fast bacteria "Mycobacterium". Use
of Lowenstein Jensen medium to grow of Mycobacterium
12
Medical Mycology
13
Applied
Microbiology
14
2nd examination
Examination of yeasts and moulds (Candida & Asperigullus)
Microbiological examination of water and Milk
Spots
 Laboratory exercises will start after starting of lecturers
 Laboratory exercise must be start at Sunday, Monday and Tuesday.
 Laboratory exercises must not be start at Saturday and Wednesday.
Requirements for the Laboratory Exercises:
I-
Organisms:
- Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus
saprophyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae,
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus
faecalis, Bacillus subtilus, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium perfringenes,
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium xerosis, E. coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter diversus,
Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonneii, Proteus mirabilis,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholorae non
O1, Haemophilus influnzae, Mycobacterium phili, Candida albicans.
II-
Equipments Required for All Microbiological Laboratory:
Equipment
Number
Autoclave
2
Hot air oven
2
Incubator
2
Digital balance
1
Water bath
2
Distillator
1
pH meter
1
Spectrophotometer
2
Microscope
One per each student
Bacterial filter
2
Laminar flow
1
III-
Glassware and disposables:
- Flasks, beakers, bottles, and measures with different sizes.
- Screw caped glass tubes (different sizes)
- PJ tubes, universal tubes,
- 1 ml, 5ml and 10 ml sterile pipettes and pasture pipettes
- Sterile disposable Petri-dishes.
- pipump (green and blue)
- Membrane filters 0.22 um.
- Wattmann filter paper, lens paper,
- Microscopic glass slides and covers.
IV-
Media and chemicals
1- Media: Nutrient agar, nutrient broth, blood agar base,
mannitol salt agar, deoxyribonuclease agar, bile esuline agar,
litmus milk, macConkey agar, Eosin methylene blue agar,
Salmonella Shigella agar, Selenite broth, peptone water,
methyl red-voges proskauer medium, simmone,s citrate agar,
urea agar base, cetermide agar, oxidative fermentative
medium, thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar,
Lowenstein-Jensen medium, Loefller;s serum medium,
Mueller Hinton agar, MacConkey broth.
2- Chemicals: Immersion oil, liquid paraffin, crystal violet,
safrannin, iodine, potassium iodide, malachite green, carbol
fuchsin, methylene blue, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde,
amyl alcohol, xylene, absolute ethanol, concentrated
hydrochloric acid, bacitacin disc, optochin disc, novobiocin
disc, methyl red, alpha-naphthol, potassium hydroxide, urea,
oxidase reagent, hydrogen peroxide, X, V and XV factor,
Sheep blood and rabbit plasma. Different antibiotic discs"
Ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, ceftazidime,
cefotaxime,
ceftazidime/clavulanic
acid,
imipenem,
meropenem, cefoxitin, cefipime, pipercillin, aztreonam,
ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, amikacin,
tobramycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprime, tetracycline,
chloramphenicol, erythromycin, penicillin G, oxacillin,
vancomycin.