Hydrology PreTest
14a
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Approximately what percentage of Earth’s water is fresh water?
a. 97 percent
b. 71 percent
Most of Earth’s fresh water is found in
a. huge masses of ice near the North and South Poles.
b. cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock.
c. the oceans.
d. rivers and lakes.
The total amount of water on Earth
a. is increasing.
b. is fairly constant.
The correct distribution of water on Earth from greatest to least is
a. groundwater, ice, oceans
b. oceans, ice, groundwater
What percent of the Earth’s surface is covered with water?
a. 50%
b. 63%
c.
d.
30 percent
3 percent
c.
d.
is decreasing.
depends on the weather.
c.
d.
oceans, groundwater, ice
ice, oceans, groundwater
c.
d.
71%
97%
14a1
The process by which plants release water into the air is called
a. precipitation.
c. evaporation.
b. condensation.
d. transpiration.
7. Runoff is rainfall that
a. evaporates immediately.
c. flows over the ground surface.
b. soaks into the soil.
d. falls directly into the ocean.
8. If you let your hair air-dry after going swimming, you are taking advantage of
a. evaporation.
c. melting.
b. condensation.
d. freezing.
9. The continuous process by which water moves through the living and nonliving parts of the environment is called the
a. water cycle.
c. condensation cycle.
b. evaporation cycle.
d. precipitation cycle.
10. In order to move from the ocean to the atmosphere, a water molecule must
a. lose energy.
c. condense.
b. gain energy.
d. transpire.
6.
14b
11. A technique that uses sound waves to measure the depth of the ocean floor is
a. dredging.
c. SCUBA.
b. sonar.
d. weighted lines.
12. Which of the following does NOT make studying the ocean floor difficult?
a. The ocean consists of salt water rather than fresh.
b. The deep ocean is in total darkness.
c. The water in the deep ocean is extremely cold.
d. There is tremendous pressure in the deep ocean.
Use the figure to answer questions 13-15.
13. Identify the feature on the ocean floor that creates new crusts for the ocean floor.
a. C
c. E
b. D
d. F
14. Name the feature labeled F.
a. Volcanic island
c. Seamount
b. Mid-ocean ridge
d. Trench
15. Name the feature labeled at G.
a. abyssal plain.
c. trench.
b. seamount.
d. continental shelf.
14b1
16. Salinity is a measure of which of the following in water?
a. nitrogen
c. dissolved salts
b. oxygen
d. sand
17. What is the most abundant salt in seawater?
a. sodium chloride
c. calcium chloride
b. magnesium chloride
d. potassium chloride
18. Which of the following areas in the ocean is likely to have the lowest salinity?
a. a warm, tropical sea
c. near the mouth of a big river
b. the cold Arctic Ocean
d. deep parts of the Pacific Ocean
19. The most dense ocean water is generally found
a. at the surface.
c. in deep-ocean trenches.
b. near the mid-ocean ridge.
d. along the coastline.
20. As you descend to the ocean floor,
a. temperature decreases, pressure increases.
c. temperature decreases, pressure decreases
b. temperature increases, pressure decreases.
d. temperature increases, pressure increases.
14c
21. Waves on the surface of the ocean are mostly caused by
a. the moon.
c. wind.
b. earthquakes.
d. the Coriolis effect.
22. Tides are caused by
a. strong winds that blow over ocean waters.
c. the shifting of the plates on the ocean floor.
b. the interaction of Earth, the moon, and the sun.
d. the turning of Earth.
23. A large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans is called a(n)
a. current.
c. tide.
b. wave.
d. undertow.
24. Deep currents are caused mostly by_____________ while surface currents are caused mostly by______________.
a. surface winds, differences in density
c. Coriolis effect, moon’s gravity
b. differences in density, surface winds
d. Moon’s gravity, Coriolis effect
25. The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift both affect Europe's climate. What type of current are they?
a. warm deep currents
c. cold deep currents
b. warm surface currents
d. cold surface currents