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2008/MRCWG/006
Agenda Item: 1
Economy Report - Indonesia
Purpose: Information
Submitted by: Indonesia
21st Marine Resource Conservation Working
Group Meeting
Piura, Peru
14–18 April 2008
ECONOMY REPORT BY INDONESIA
The marine environment contributes substantially to the economic viability of APEC economies
through trade in fisheries and aquaculture products, other marine commodities and tourism. These
are dependent on active conservation of marine resources and the marine environment, degradation
of which has significant socioeconomic costs. While enhancing trade and investment in marine
products, APEC economies will aim to protect the marine environment and to ensure continuing
socioeconomic benefit.
Related to the above reason, Indonesia has put in place several appropriate programmes and
activities to develop, manage, protect and conserve marine, coasts and small islands environment
and also conduct a protection for diversity, species and their inhabit environment.
In implementing its programs and activities for supporting the efforts, Indonesia refers to the Key
action items that are in line with the Bali Plan of Action.
1. Understanding Oceans, Seas and Coasts
In order to get a clear and comprehensive understanding of oceans, seas and coasts, Indonesia has
been conducted several research programs and activities to assess its potential resources and
manage them appropriately namely:

Establishing South East Asia Center for Observation Research and Monitoring programs and
facility in Bali at 2002, as part of Indonesian commitment to strengthen regional research and data
sharing partnership for Pacific and Indian Ocean observation. Through this program, Indonesia
involve in developing the Ocean Model and Information System for APEC Region (OMISAR).

In order to implement the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), Indonesia has conducted
research on the impact of global climate change using Argo Float data to know the dynamic of
sea water mass in Indonesia EEZ waters and to establish an ocean dynamic model for global
climate forecast and to understand the phenomena such as El Nino and climate change. This
research shows the role of Indonesian waters related to global climate change.

Moreover, Indonesia established INA-GOOS which the purpose is to have comprehensive and
sustainable observation system of marine-climate phenomena, and natural and human-induced
related disasters through setting up of a monitoring system and its forecasting schemes in the
open seas of EEZ and its coasts, semi-enclosed seas, straits, and bays of the Indonesian seas.
INA-GOOS is designed to address the need for timely and good quality long-term information as a
basis for reliable decision making and will enhance delivery of benefits to society in the following
areas: understanding, assessing, predicting, mitigating, and adapting to climate variability and
change.

As a respond to the government and stakeholder needs on oceanographic research programs for
nation building and as commitment to International level, IOC-National Working Group was
periodically discussed ocean issues, threats challenges and recommendation for ocean research.
Indonesia has also been involved in IOC International meeting to share ocean research result and
information.

Conducting research on Indonesian potency on deep sea mineral and ISBA workshop to
introduce potency of seabed living and non-living resources and learn the organization, procedure
of licensing and availability of data base.
2. Managing the Marine Environment Sustainably
a. Ecosystem Based Management
In recent years, the Government of Indonesia has started to play a leadership role in
conserving the marine biological resources through several programs and activities, including:
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
MPAs. The Indonesian Government announced intentions (i) to double the extent of
MPAs across Indonesia by 2010 (increasing their coverage from about 6.7 million ha to
10 million ha.), and (ii) to establish 20 million ha of MPAs by 2020. Since these
commitments were made, some tangible steps have been taken toward their fulfillment.
For example, in 2005 the Berau Islands MPA (totaling 1.2 million ha) was declared –
becoming the single largest MPA supported by local government in all of Indonesia.

Fisheries policy. In 2005, DKP Minister Freddy Numberi announced an intention to
incorporate ecosystem-based management approach into Indonesia’s fisheries
management strategy to ensure the long-term sustainability of the fisheries.

Multilateral processes. The Indonesian Government has engaged in a number of
multilateral government processes around fisheries management and conservation
objectives, covering parts of the Coral Triangle, such as (i) Tri-national Commission for
the Sulu and Sulawesi Seas (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines); and (ii) Tri-national
Commission for the Bismarck / Solomon Seas (Indonesia, PNG, Solomons).
b. Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI)
Scientists have identified a Coral Triangle region within the Indo-Pacific-its boundaries
defined by marine areas containing 500 or more species of coral. This triangular-shaped
region covers all or parts of six countries: Indonesia (Central and Eastern), East Timor, the
Philippines, Malaysia (Sabah), Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Unfortunately,
this marine life – and the many goods and services it provides - - are at risk, threatened by a
range of factors, such as: overfishing, unsustainable fishing methods, and land-based
sources of pollution.
To respond to this urgent problem, in March 2006, the President of the Republic of Indonesia
(Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono) issued a formal letter to the COP-8 meeting under the
Biodiversity Convention, highlighting the critical importance of the Coral Triangle. To translate
his COP-8 message into concrete action, in August 2007, President Yudhoyono of Indonesia
wrote to seven other leaders proposing a new Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI), designed to
stimulate actions to safeguard the region’s extraordinary marine and coastal biological
resources.
In early September 2007, CTI received attention by governments at the APEC Summit in
Sydney, Australia. The 21 heads of state formally endorsed the CTI I their APEC Leaders
Declaration. In addition, the CTI was briefly discussed in bilateral meetings between
President Yudhoyono and President Bush, Prime Minister Howard of Australia, and Prime
Minister Somare of PNG. The initiative has been discussed also at the BIMP-EAGA and
ASEAN Summits on November 2007.
As a next step, building on the APEC and other results, Minister Freddy Numberi has just sent
out a set of letters to ministers in these seven countries, inviting their governments to a first
formal CTI Senior Official meeting in Bali in December 2007 which could focus on three
general objectives:
(i)
reaching a common understanding of the value of the marine and coastal biological
resources of the CT, and threats to these resource - - with a special focus on shared
interests;
(ii)
reaching agreement on a set of principles that could guide the future development of a
CT; and
(iii)
reaching agreement on a framework for a “CTI Plan of Action” that could be developed
during 2008 and adopted at the appropriate political level, and ultimately with partners
in the private sector and civil society (where appropriate).
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These developments lay a foundation for next steps: moving from the conceptual stage to
discussions of more specific commitments, actions, coordination and funding needed to
advance a Coral Triangle Initiative, building on existing efforts. To help progress such
discussions, a first formal CTI planning meeting is held 6-7 December 2007 in Bali, during the
first week of the UN climate change negotiations.
The Indonesian CTI secretariat and national working group has been established since
September 2007. SOM in Bali and Indonesian National workshop are the events organized by
that task force.
3. Enabling Sustainable Development of Coastal Communities
a. Coastal Community Empowerment
There has been developed several programs and activities in order to utilize coastal
communities and small fishermen, fish aquaculture farmers and other communities related in
marine and fisheries sectors, as follows:

Coastal Communities Economic Empowerment (PEMP), this program was focused on
capital assistance for the coastal communities in order to create coastal community
welfare with their capabilities, compatibilities and productivities.

Solar Package Dealer for Fishermen (SPDN), establishment is once of several programs
for helping fishermen in obtaining fuel easily with market price.
Gender Empowerment Program, Fishermen Regeneration and participation of Islamic
School (Pondok Pesantren) and community institution in coastal community
empowerment.


To assist communities in isolated small islands through the development of small scale
infrastructure, such as Landing Craft Tank (LCT), healthy vessel, solar home system
(SHS), communication facilities and others.

Coral Triangle Initiative. With its rich supply of fish and other marine life, the Coral
Triangle supports the livelihood and food security of some 126 million people living in
Indonesia and other parts of the region, who depend on seafood as their major source of
protein. Beyond the region, tens of millions of consumers worldwide (e.g., Japan, Europe,
the United States, Asia Pacific) rely on fish that are either caught or living out part of their
life cycle within the Coral Triangle. In the species case of tuna, for example, the Sulu and
Sulawesi Seas within the Coral Triangle serve as the major spawning and nursery
grounds for three species of commercial tuna fish stocks harvested across the Western
Pacific – the single largest tuna fishery in the world. Moreover, large-scale fishing
operations, processing, and trade of commercial fisheries linked to the Coral Triangle
contribute significantly to the generation of jobs and economic growth in a large number
of countries, such as European countries, the United States, Australia, Japan and
Thailand.
b. Enabling Integrated Management
We also promote of Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management (ICOM) through
Implementation of Marine and Coastal Resource Management Project (MCRMP) in 15
Provinces and 42 Districts that has been developed since 2001. Outcome of this project is
strengthening capacity-building, particularly in local government on marine and coastal
management.
Objective of this project is, to develop of sustainable marine and coastal resources
management and environmental improvement in decentralization framework.
c.
Hazard Mitigation
In order to minimize the impact of natural disaster on the coastal areas in Indonesia,
especially Tsunami, and earthquake, Indonesia improve national coordination and capabilities
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to predict, warning system, mitigate, and manage the event of coastal disasters. The national,
provincial and district level coordination board are established for disaster management.
Indonesia is now continuing to formulate the national policies and programs to mitigate the
adverse impact of coastal disaster. In this context we have several programs that support the
mitigation of coastal disaster, as follows:


Implementation of Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management (ICOM). Implementation of
the instrument makes a balance between the natural resources, human utilization, and
disaster mitigation.
Publishing National Guidelines for Natural Disaster Mitigation in Coasts and Small Islands.

Formulating and proposing the new law in coastal Area management (RUU-PWP).

Continuing to develop artificial coral reef and transplantation activities, and mangrove
rehabilitation as a natural barrier from tsunami attack.

Enhancing education and public awareness for coastal community

Spatial Landuse planning and implementation of Building code

Develop of traditional wisdom related to early warning system tsunami

Coral Triangle Initiative. Intact coral reefs and mangrove systems across the Coral
Triangle also play an important role in protecting coastal communities from damage by
tropical storms and tsunamis. This coastal protection function can help to save lives and
reduce what can be massive reconstruction costs often associated with such natural
disasters, such as the costs of rebuilding in Aceh Province following the 2005 tsunami.
d. Post Natural disaster Rehabilitation and Planning

Conducting several workshops and training (Training of Trainers) in central, province and
district levels in order to develop and improve the better preparedness to deal with
disasters.

Encouraging the availability of disaster plans and public awareness campaigns.

Trying available technologies in risk assessment and disaster forecasting to ensure that
people are informed about their disaster threats and prepared to respond appropriately.

Developing and strengthening of cooperation and coordination among countries and more
Institutions in nationally and internationally level in order to encourage overall
preparedness and reduce disaster losses over the long term.
Indonesia
April 2008
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