Distr.
RESTRICTED
Water and Sanitation Trust Fund
UN-HABITAT
TF/06/01
Revised Draft – 14 Feb 2008
ENGLISH: ONLY
Fourth Meeting
Nairobi, 13-14 March 2008
Review of Progress of Water and Sanitation Programme of UN-HABITAT in 2007
VOLUME II: Outputs and Outcomes Tables
Table of Contents
1. OUTPUTS TABLE............................................................................................................................ 2
Output 100.1 (1):................................................................................................................................. 2
Normative Activities:...................................................................................................................... 2
Output 100.2 (2): ................................................................................................................................. 5
Advocacy, Public Awareness and Education.................................................................................. 5
Output 200.1 (3): ................................................................................................................................. 9
Water for Asian Cities Programme - Country Activities ................................................................ 9
Water for African Cities Programme – Country Activities .......................................................... 27
Output 300.1 (4): ............................................................................................................................... 47
Water for Asian Cities Programme – Regional Programmes ....................................................... 47
Water for African Cities Programme – Regional Programmes .................................................... 51
Output 300.2 (5): ............................................................................................................................... 53
Mekong Region Water and Sanitation Initiative (MEK-WATSAN)............................................ 53
Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Initiative (LVWATSAN) .................................................... 54
Output 400.1 (6): ............................................................................................................................... 59
Monitoring of progress towards WATSAN coverage and service ............................................... 59
2.
OUTCOMES TABLE ................................................................................................................ 61
Expected Outcome 1 ..................................................................................................................... 61
Expected Outcome 2 ..................................................................................................................... 65
Expected Outcome 3 ..................................................................................................................... 68
1
1. Outputs Table
Expected Results (Outputs)
As per 2007 Work plan
Output Indicators Used
Beneficiaries
Results Achieved and
Progress Made
Output 100.1 (1):
Human settlement dimension incorporated in the World Water Development Reports, Water and Sanitation in the World’s
Cities (mandated triennial report of UN-HABITAT) published and pro-poor and gender focused governance frameworks
available and in use.
 Extent of dissemination and references to the published Reports on Water and Sanitation in the World’s Cities and the
contributions to the World Water Development Report

No of pro-poor, gender sensitive guide documents developed and utilized by WATSAN institutions.

Ministers, advisors and policy makers.

WATSAN sector utility managers and sector professionals

WATSAN Institutions and other WATSAN service providers including SSISPs.

Decision makers in local authorities.

Women and children, under and un-served users.

National urban communities, Schools, parents, communities.
Normative Activities:


A draft table of contents outlining the core areas of focus of the third edition of the Global Report on Water and Sanitation
in cities developed.
The first and second editions of the publication were widely disseminated in local, regional and international events and
monitoring of their impact in the water and sanitation sector is on going and will be assessed in the course of 2008.

Regular contact was maintained with the World Water Assessment Program Secretariat to contribute to the
preparation of the third edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR3).

Publication on “Sanitation and Energy” under Water for Asian Cities Programme is being prepared and is expected to be
finalized by May 2008.
A mechanism of exchange including establishment of a Ministerial Forum for Water and Sanitation as unanimously
recommended and adopted at the Asia-Pacific Ministerial Council-December 2006 in New Delhi established.


Action on implementation of various recommendations on delivery of MDG on Water and Sanitation in the Asia-Pacific
Region as adopted at the first APMC on Housing and Urban Development started and preparations ongoing for continuing
the dialogue during the second APMC scheduled to be held in Iran in 2008 begun.

A capacity building workshop for Journalists from Iran and other CIS Countries was organized in partnership with the
United Nations University UNW-DPC (Bonn, Germany) and the Regional Centre for Urban Water Management (under
the auspices of UNESCO) in Tehran from 26-28 November 2007. Communications strategy finalized and regional public
awareness strategy developed based on outcomes of the two regional media workshops and applied in tandem with
city/country level awareness programmes in country implementation plans.

Developed guide documents on Human Values in Water Sanitation and Hygiene Education (HVWSHE) utilized regularly
in the ongoing HVWSHE implementation activities in Africa and Asia, and lessons documented

Lessons derived from the implementation of country programmes in Africa were also documented into useful tools during
the reporting period. These include; i) Land Cover/Land Use Maps of the Weija Reservoir Catchment for the
Management of the Accra City Water Supplies from the Reservoir; and ii) A generic publication on micro credit for Water
supply and sanitation for the urban poor which is under preparation in collaboration with CREPA based on the WAC II
demonstration activities in Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal. From the lessons learned, a draft advocacy and
communications strategy has been prepared for the WAC II programme and was reviewed and improved upon by country
partners. More publications based on ongoing programme activities will be finalized in the next reporting year.
UN-HABITAT and ADB jointly launched a publication on “Local Actions for Sustainable Development on Water and
Sanitation in Asia-Pacific Region” during the Press Conference on 4th December 2007 at the Asia-Pacific Water Summit
in Japan

Pro-poor Governance

Publication of a “Framework for Promoting Pro-Poor Water and Sanitation Governance in urban Programmes and
Projects” finalized.

Development of pro-poor governance frameworks and toolkits (including conflict resolution) in field projects, completed
and tested in the regional and model setting initiatives, and lessons documented.

Policy level workshop/meetings conducted in the regional programmes on pro-poor WATSAN governance framework
with the objective of enabling governments at appropriate levels to develop policies and programmes of action at national
and local levels for implementation.

Gender and social equity analysis, planning and training toolkits developed to facilitate gender mainstreaming and
programming . In Africa, gender workshops were held in eleven cities covered under the Water for African Cities (WAC
II). Rapid gender assessment was conducted in seven cities covered under the Lake Victoria Region Water and Sanitation
Initiative to ensure that gender and vulnerability needs are taken into account in programme design and implementation.

Workable indicators for gender mainstreaming in WATSAN defined and monitoring and assessment tool developed as a
follow up on the Gender Mainstreaming Strategy framework

UN-HABITAT in partnership with Mahila Chetna Manch has undertaken an initiative for preventing spread of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and facilitating care to vulnerable and high risk group in urban areas in the State of
Madhya Pradesh, India. The project emphasizes behaviour change for prevention and spread of HIV/AIDS in urban slum
areas.
Urban Water Demand Management

Training guidelines for utility managers developed and applied in the following areas: Water Demand Management; Water
3
Quality Monitoring; Improving customer care; Public awareness raising; Business Plan Development for small towns
Comments on Variance
Between Expected and
Achieved Results

Guidebook on Energy Audit for Water Utilities to strengthen WDM efforts is being developed and validated.

Global Water Operator’s Partnership Secretariat established to facilitate networking, exchange of expertise, and training,
and to strengthen the capacity of water utilities to meet the MDGs.

Training of trainers on specialized topics held for broader diffusion of expertise

Reusable training materials and toolkits developed from country level training activities.

Water bottling plants: Demonstration of water bottling plant to serve clean drinking water for urban poor communities in
water stressed areas by utilizing local water sources in India, Nepal and Lao PDR.

Guidebook on design, construction and operational manual of Reed Bed Treatment System for developing Countries for
promotion of low cost and decentralized wastewater treatment ongoing.

Standard Operating Procedure Manual on Household Water Treatment Systems for promotion and proper use of low cost
household scale water treatment technologies

Pilot demonstration of small scale loans revolving funds for water and sanitation provision

The second global report which focused on the issues and challenges facing small and medium towns for achieving the
Millennium Development Goals has been received very well for fine-tuning their policies both by the governments at
national, sub-regional and local levels and by other stakeholders including the civil society and NGOs.

Several other normative activities include policy guidance document for scaling up good practices in water and sanitation.

Some normative activities such as financial modeling and economic analysis for investments to serve the poor in smaller
urban centres which involve engagements of national governments for data and other information are of ongoing nature
and will get completed in due course of time.
4
Expected Results
(Outputs)
As per 2007 Workplan
Output Indicators Used
Beneficiaries
Results Achieved and
Progress Made
Output 100.2 (2):
Enhanced awareness of WATSAN issues and application of guide documents, norms standards and toolkits by the water and sanitation
sector and UN-HABITAT partners.
 Number of WATSAN professionals from institutions undertaking training in norms, standards and toolkits.

Number and extent of municipal governments and water and sanitation utilities aware of, and utilizing gender sensitive and pro–
poor concepts and frameworks

Level of integration of gender in the work and approach of water and sanitation providers. (see under 3)

Ministers, advisors and policy makers.

WATSAN sector utility managers and sector professionals

WATSAN Institutions and other WATSAN service providers including SSISPs.

Decision makers in local authorities.

Women and children

Under and un-served users.

National urban communities.

Schools, parents, communities.
Advocacy, Public Awareness and Education
i. Advocacy

As part of its advocacy activities in 2007, the programme continued to influence the international water and sanitation
agenda by actively participating in international events and meetings. In particular the programme actively
participated in the following events and processes:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
The World Water Week which took place from 12-18 August 2007 in Stockholm;
The launch of the Global Water Operators Partnerships (WOPs) Alliance;
The fifteenth session of the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD-15) which took place from 30
April - 11 May 2007, at UN headquarters in New York;
Preparations for the International Year of Sanitation 2008;
Support to and engagement in the deliberations of African Ministers Council on Water (AMCOW) at its Executive
Committee Meeings (in Abuja and Nairobi) and at its ordinary session in Brazzaville, and Nairobi
UN-Water (global) dates from Graham/Bert
The 5th Meeting of UN-Water-Africa held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 18 – 20 July 2007
 Regional Workshop on Monitoring of Investment and Results of Water Resources Management in Kuala Lumpur: The
workshop organised during the Third South-East Asia Forum from 22-24 October 2007 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia where UN-
5





HABITAT had co-organized a Session on “Monitoring of Investment and Results of Development of Water Supply and Sanitation”
on 23 October 2007.
China Real Estate Top 200 Conference in Beijing: UN-HABITAT participated in the China Real Estate conference organized in
Bejing on 28-29 October 2007. During the conference, China Top 200 Real Estate Corporation was launched in Diao Yu Tai State
Quest House, Beijing on 28 October 2007
Capacity Building Workshop for Journalists in Tehran: An International Workshop on Capacity Development for Water
Journalists was organised by UN-HABITAT in cooperation with the United Nations University UNW-DPC (Bonn, Germany), and
the Regional Centre for Urban Water Management (under the auspices of UNESCO) in Tehran from 26-28 November 2007. This
workshop was the third regional capacity building workshop to help form a regional media network in Asia.
International Seminar on Sustainable Urban Catchment Management in China: A three days international seminar on
sustainable urban catchment management was organized by UN-HABITAT in partnership with Nanjing University in Nanjing,
China from 29th November to 1st December 2007. The key objectives of the seminar were to explore the right approaches, policies,
regulations on urban catchment management and to exchange the experience on urban catchment management.
UN-HABITAT Session during the First Asia-Pacific Water Summit in Japan: UN-HABITAT in partnership with Streams of
Knowledge, Manila organized a Session on “Increasing Capacity for Local Actions” on 4th December 2007 during the 1st AsiaPacific Water Summit in Beppu, Japan. The Session was organized in support of Key Results Area (KRA-II). The focus of the
Session was on capacity development of local authorities, utilities and communities with the purpose of providing people with
knowledge to assist them in making informed choices through development of appropriate technology, training modules, resources
databases, conducting action research and making policy recommendations. UN-HABITAT and ADB jointly launched a publication
on “Local Actions for Sustainable Development on Water and Sanitation in Asia-Pacific Region” during the Press Conference on
4th December 2007 at the Asia-Pacific Water Summit in Japan.
Danish Water Environment Conference, Nov. 6-7, 2007. UN-HABITAT participated and made a presentation on: Heading towards
Cities - Water and Sanitation Needs in an Increasingly Urbanising World, as part of theme 6 on Global Challenges
ii. Awareness Raising

UN-HABITAT together with Asian Development Bank organized a Seminar on “Integrated Slum Upgrading: Meeting the water
and sanitation needs of the poorest of the poor” during the World Water Week 2007 in Stockholm on 14 August 2007. Another
seminar co-convened by UN-HABITAT and the UNDP Water Governance Facility (SIWI) was on “Practical Approaches to Propoor Water and Sanitation Governance “. The seminars provided an adequate framework for interactive discussions with key
stakeholders on the challenges and innovative response options for delivering water and sanitation services to the urban poor.

UN-HABITAT in cooperation with IRC International Water and Sanitation of the Netherlands has planned public awareness
campaign/advocacy and establishment of regional media network in Asia under the Water for Asian Cities Programme.

UNHABITAT, in collaboration with Streams of Knowledge (an Internatioal Capacity Building Centre) and NETWAS, co-hosted
the first International WASH Practitioners' marketplace and Fair. The Fair was held back to back with the 19th Regional Water
and Sanitation Seminar in September 2007 in Mombasa, Kenya. The event brought together nearly 100 professionals from
resource centres, representatives from WAC cities and NGOs to share cutting-edge knowledge and good practices in the WASH
field through poster and written presentations.
6

The WAC Programme Regional Office in New Delhi and Vientiane bring out bimonthly Newsletters called “WAC Regional
News” and “MEK-WATSAN”, which reflects the progress of project activities in countries under Water for Asian Cities
Programme and MEK-WATSAN initiative for wider dissemination among the water and sanitation professionals and key
stakeholders.

Regional Media Workshop in Singapore: A Regional Media Workshop on Urban Water and Sanitation Issues in Asia and the
Pacific jointly organized by UN-HABITAT and IRC, the Netherlands in Singapore from 12-14 July 2007 with the objective to
create awareness among the Media Professionals regarding the current situation of water and sanitation in various countries of
Asia and advocacy to promote sector reforms for the urban poor and encourage pro-poor investments in water and sanitation to
support Millennium Development Goals.
iii. Exhibitions

UN-HABITAT Exhibition at the 2007 World Water Week - An exhibition of activities undertaken with the support of the UNHABITAT Water and Sanitation Trust Fund was mounted for the entire duration of the water week. The two regional
programmes, Water for African Cities and Water for Asian Cities programmes, as well as the two model setting initiatives, the
Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Initiative and the Mekong Water and Sanitation Initiative featured prominently in the
exhibition which also included activities of the Slum Upgrading Facility.

Exhibition on WAC Programme: UN-HABITAT had put up an exhibition reflecting the activities of WAC programme in Asian
cities with emphasis on initiatives in Madhya Pradesh at the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly on the occasion of launching
of Legislatures Forum for Human Development (LFHD) on 29th March 2007.

Participation in World Toilet Summit : World Toilet Summit 2007 (WTS-2007) was organised by the Sulabh International
Social Service Organisation from 31st October to 3rd November 2007 at New Delhi. It was supported by various Ministries of
Government of India, viz, Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment,
Ministry of Rural Development and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and United Nations Human Settlements Programme
(UN-HABITAT) and Building Material and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC).
International Seminar on Sanitation 2007 on Delivering Our Vision: Sanitation for All (15 to 16 November) and KLRTC
Training Course XII on Sanitation (18 to 21 November) were organized by Regional Network of Local Authorities for the
Management of Human Settlements (CITYNET), Japan in support of UN HABITAT, Asian Development Bank, UNITAR and
Makati City, in Manila, Philippines. Development of Sanitation Data Book of selected Cities of Asia and Pacific was another
major objective of this seminar and training programme. The idea on the production of a Sanitation Data Book for Asian Cities
was to improve sanitation standards in the Asia-Pacific region and further promote the realisation of MDGs by local governments.

iv. Information Exchange

Improvements to UN-HABITAT Programme website architecture as well as visual aspects were implemented during the reporting
period to facilitate better links between the UN-HABITAT homepage and the regional programme websites

The community members of Dwarkapuri, Indore, Madhya Pradesh visited Andhra Pradesh in June 2007 to Sujala Water
7
Purification Scheme of Byrraju Foundation.

UN-HABITAT’s Trust Fund Evaluation team visited Madhya Pradesh, India during February 2007 to assess the progress of UNHABITAT’s Water for Asian Cities Programme implemented in project cities of Madhya Pradesh.

51 Elected Representatives and 60 Officers of Municipal Corporations of the project cities of Madhya Pradesh, India visited
Namakal, Bangalore and Trichy to learn the pro-poor initiatives on sanitation practices

An exposure visit of 83 community members of the selected slums of the project cities of Madhya Pradesh , India to Trichy was
organised to sensitize people on open defecation free slums, de-centralized water purification plant, community toilets managed by
SHG groups etc

A knowledge sharing partnership has been established with the establishment of Legislators Forum for Human Development in
Madhya Pradesh.

A group of Members of Legislative Assembly of the State of Madhya Pradesh visited Hyderabad and Bhimavaram, Andhra
Pradesh for study of the community managed safe bottled drinking water to all schemes in Ranga Reddy and West Godavary
Districts organized during 17th – 20th December 2007.

A meeting of WAC II City Managers, National Project Officers, and UN-HABITAT Programme Managers was held from 26-28th
September, 2007 at the UN-Complex in Nairobi, Kenya. 52 participants from 13 WAC countries, and UN-Habitat and partner
organizations attended the meeting. The meeting offered participants the opportunity to assess progress, identify obstacles and
seek solutions. Furthermore, it provided an opportunity to capitalize on the regional reach of the programme to exchange
experiences, foster healthy competition and encourage collaboration between countries.
Comments on Variance
Between Expected and
Achieved Results
8
Expected Results (Outputs)
As per 2007 Work plan
Output Indicators Used
Output 200.1 (3):
 Strategic Partnerships among key WATSAN stakeholders (UN, development banks, donors, urban centres, utilities, NGOs, and
communities) to promote increasing levels of investment in the WATSAN sector of participating countries
 WATSAN sector stakeholders trained and enabled to develop, provide and manage improved WATSAN services
 Increase in number of strategic partnerships/ linkages with partners (UN Agencies, Development Banks, Donors, Urban Centres, NGO’s,
Communities etc).
 Number of cities involved and active in regional programmes.
 Extent of willingness to invest in regional programs at city level by partners.
Beneficiaries
Primary: community, especially the poor, urban local bodies, water and sanitation utilities, other service providers, CBOs, NGOs etc.
Results Achieved and
Progress Made
Water for Asian Cities Programme - Country Activities
1. India
Expected Results (Outputs), as per 2007 workplan
 Partnership with Government of Madhya Pradesh to complement ADB assisted Urban Water Supply and Environmental Improvement
(UWSEI) Project in the four cities of Madhya Pradesh for integrated urban environmental sanitation, pro-poor water & sanitation
governance, water demand management, gender mainstreaming and capacity building.
 Partnership with different stakeholders for pro-poor WATSAN service delivery, gender mainstreaming, Human Values-based water,
sanitation and hygiene education , rain water harvesting and urban local catchments management
 Assist in formulating policies and legal framework, prepare guide book and develop mechanism for leveraging fund for pro-poor
investments
1.1. Urban Water Demand Management
 Water Demand Management Strategy and Action Plan have been developed for the 4 cities of Madhya Pradesh.

Water balancing study undertaken and a detailed database on a GIS platform has been developed for all the four project cities.

Concept paper on Water Demand Management (WDM) through District Metered Areas (DMA) prepared

Stakeholder consultations of two days each on Water Demand Management were organised in Gwalior, Jabalpur, Bhopal and Indore to
sensitize the stakeholders on the concept and need for WDM and to build their capacities on the tools and techniques for example Water
Auditing, Metering of flows, Leak Detection and Control, Network planning and sectorizing, Use of GIS, MIS, Financial and
Institutional issues that can be used for implementation of WDM. A total of 113 persons from the top and middle management of the
four cities including Mayors, Corporators, and officials of Municipal Corporations, UWSEI Project Directorate and Public Health
Engineering Staff participated.
9

The Municipal Corporations of the project cities is procuring bulk management meters and bulk revenue meters for installation at
strategic locations as per the WDM implementation plan.

Jabalpur and Gwalior Municipal Corporations are establishing leak detection teams for retrofitting as per the WDM implementation
plan.

UN-HABITAT in partnership with Gwalior Municipal Corporation has initiated the project to establish a Pilot District Metered Area for
Unaccounted for water (UFW) for investigation, leak repair and installation of flow meters to reduce leakage within acceptable level.

UN-HABITAT in partnership with Jabalpur Municipal Corporation has initiated the project-involving establishment of 4 flow meters at
Bhongadwar to monitor the flow of water from the source and to repair leaks to achieve leakage within acceptable level.

Installation of flow meters from raw water source to consumers is being implemented by the Municipal Corporations.

One Municipal Corporation has taken up a project for installation of meters to monitor the flow of water from the source and to repair
leaks to reduce leakage within acceptable level.

Government of Madhya Pradesh had organised two stakeholder consultations for promoting creation of District Metered Areas.

One Municipal Corporation is implementing a project to establish a Pilot District Metered Area.

For institutionalisation of training & capacity building, UN-HABITAT in partnership with TERI and Shri G.S. Institute of Technology
and Science (SGSITS) has organised two capacity building programmes on WDM for Middle Management Level officials of the MCs.
A detailed WDM curriculum has been developed and two 5-day long training programmes and two 3-day Refreshers programme have
been conducted, where 67 officers were trained on various aspects of Water Demand Management.

Environmental Planning and Coordination Organisation (EPCO) with TERI has organized a two capacity building programmes of two
days each in July 2007 for the top Management / public representatives of municipal corporations of the project cities.

Policy Papers on Roof-Top Rain Water Harvesting (RTRWH) and Community managed system for operation; billing and collection
(CMBCS) of water charges were prepared. The Government of MP have organized stakeholder’s consultations on proposed initiatives
and subsequently issued directives to the MCs for promoting RTRWH as well as piloting CMBCS in an area having 750-1000.

135 RWH systems in schools other buildings have been established.

UN-HABITAT has entered into an agreement with Lake Conservation Authority of Madhya Pradesh for promotion of Rooftop Rain
Water Harvesting and Human Value Based Water Sanitation and Hygiene Education Classrooms in selected schools of major cities of
Madhya Pradesh. The programme was launched on 20th November 2007 at Hamidia Higher Secondary School in Bhopal. A painting
competition was organized for creating awareness on Water Conservation among students.

UN-HABITAT in partnership with Lake Conservation Authority of Madhya Pradesh is developing Urban Local Catchment Management
Strategy and Action Plan for Major Cities of MP.

Action plans for the promotion of Rain Water Harvesting through integration with Human Values-based Water Sanitation & Hygiene
Education have been developed
1.2.Pro-poor water and sanitation governance
10

The pilot Community Managed Water Supply Schemes (CMWSS) in three cities of Madhya Pradesh, India have been commissioned.
Based on the experience gained the State Government has issued the “Guidelines for the Revolving Water Fund” developed in
collaboration with the UNHABITAT, with directions to the Municipal Corporations of Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur and Indore for up
scaling the CMWSS.

Government of Madhya Pradesh has decided to support Community Managed Water Supply Schemes to provide water in 40 slums in 4
cities utilizing the loan covenant of Area Improvement Fund (AIF) and Community Initiative Fund (CIF) of Madhya Pradesh Urban
Water Supply and Environmental Improvement Project.

The Community Managed Sewerage Scheme has been initiated in partnership with Gwalior Municipal Corporation in slum
conglomerate of Ramaji ka Pura, Islampura and Subhash Nagar in Gwalior to promote construction of individual household toilets by
the community.

Mechanism for convergence of funds available at the local level for providing water and sanitation services for the poor has been
developed through financial resource mapping. The state government has issued directions to the District Magistrates

Financial Resource Mapping to assess the availability of funds at the local level in each of the project cities for providing water and
sanitation services for the poor and the manner of ensuring convergence of untied resources with the UWSEI project has been
completed. The GoMP has issued directions to the District Magistrates and Municipal Commissioners for enforcing the
recommendations.

For the implementation of CMWSS in Gwalior & Indore and Community managed Sewerage Scheme in Gwalior, counterpart
contributions were mobilised from the Public Contribution Scheme of the state government.

UN-HABITAT in collaboration with Mahila Chetna Manch (MCM), a local NGO, has developed a Gender Mainstreaming Strategy and
Action Plan for the four project cities which has been discussed, finalized and adopted by the state government and four project cities to
facilitate women’s participation in the water and sanitation service delivery sector. The implementation of action plan started and
continued during 2007.

The State Government has issued directions to the Municipal Corporations of the project cities to pass a resolution for adopting the
Gender Mainstreaming Strategy and Action Plan to facilitate women’s participation in the water and sanitation service delivery sector.
The time bound activities for implementation of gender mainstreaming action plan include the following:
o Ensure open defecation free city (Municipal area) by 2009 through:
o Providing separate toilets with water and electricity facilities for boys and girls in schools
o Providing individual, joint and community toilet facilities in slum area
o Establish women SHGs, their capacity development, transfer of responsibility to them for construction and O & M of community
toilet complexes, connect them to micro finance and local NGOs.
o Development of water supply facility for the local slum and transfer the assets to the women groups for O&M.
11
Constitution of Ward Committees and Mohalla (Neighbourhood) Committees through democratic elections and ensure one-third
women in the committees. The one third of the committees should have women as a chairperson in each city.
o Collection of information regarding water and sanitation services on gender basis.
o Facilitate gender sensitive budget and gender review.
o Establishment of gender focal unit in Project Implementation Unit
o

A Community-managed Pro-poor Water purification and Bottling Scheme (CPWBS) has been formulated for implementation in Indore
and Jabalpur in partnership with District Urban Development Agency.. In Indore plant has been established. Urban poor communities
provided access to safe drinking water at an affordable price.

A policy paper on Rejuvenation of Community Toilets was developed in collaboration with the state government, which has issued
directives to the project cities for taking up this initiative.

The community members of Dwarkapuri, Indore, Madhya Pradesh visited Andhra Pradesh in June 2007 to Sujala Water Purification
Scheme of Byrraju Foundation.

The Community Managed Sewerage Scheme has been initiated in partnership with Gwalior Municipal Corporation in slum
conglomerate of Ramaji ka Pura, Islampura and Subhash Nagar in Gwalior to promote construction of individual household toilets by
the community.

Community Managed Solid Waste Disposal Scheme has been initiated in partnership with Jabalpur Municipal Corporation and Gwalior
Municipal Corporation. In Jabalpur the initiative attempts to create a zero garbage Zone covering 20,000 households in 5 wards in the
city.

Citywide awareness generation and capacity building for safe handling of solid waste management initiative in Gwalior aims at
promoting segregation of waste at source and door-to-door collection of municipal solid waste through a city wide awareness generation
programme. This initiative is being implemented in partnership with Gwalior Municipal Corporation.

The initiative for Rejuvenation of Community Toilets in Jabalpur is being implemented in partnership with District Urban development
Agency Jabalpur to promote O & M of community toilets by the community through collection of service charges, by handing over the
rejuvenated community toilets to the community and their capacity building. 15 No. of Community Toilets situated in and around slums
and used by slum dwellers are being rejuvenated.

The initiative for Rejuvenation of Community Toilets in Gwalior is being implemented in partnership with Municipal Corporation
Gwalior to promote O & M of community toilets by the community through collection of service charges, by handing over the
rejuvenated community toilets to the community and their capacity building. 20 No. of Community Toilets situated in and around slums
and used by slum dwellers are being rejuvenated.

The initiative for Community based Drinking water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance in Gwalior is being implemented in partnership
with Municipal Corporation Gwalior to promote community to support the Municipal Corporation in providing quality water supply to
its consumers.

UN-HABITAT in partnership with Gwalior Municipal Corporation has taken up the initiative to identify and organize the various
stakeholders of the city into a federated structure called Multi Stakeholder Platform (MSP) to create scope for the ‘collective’ and
‘institutionalized’ voice of the poor/slum dwellers of the city, who are typically marginalized from the governance of city’s water
12
supply and planning decisions.
1.3.Integrated Urban Environmental Sanitation and Behaviour change

A community-based project on Urban Environmental Sanitation called Slum Environmental Sanitation Initiative (SESI) in 63 slums
covering 20,000 households in four cities of Madhya Pradesh viz. Bhopal, Indore, Gwalior and Jabalpur which was started in 2005 is
being implemented in partnership with Water Aid India and four Municipal Corporations at a total cost of US$ 1.1 million. .

Community mobilization , training and capacity building of SHGs and construction of demonstration toilets have resulted in generating
demand for toilets from the poor

A revolving sanitation fund has been created to facilitate construction of individual sanitary latrines in all the project cities. So far more
than 3200 Households have been benefited from this fund.

16 slums have become open defecation free areas in the 4 cities.

The state government has issued guidelines for creating Revolving Sanitation Fund for Construction of individual toilets developed in
partnership with UN-HABITAT with directions to the Municipal Corporations of the 4 cities for up scaling this activity.

The Government of Madhya Pradesh has prepared a plan improving sanitation situation in 10 slums in each of the 4 project cities by
involving the community on the lines of SESI utilizing the Area Improvement Fund and Community Initiative Fund Component of ADB
loan covenant.

A Community Managed Solid Waste Disposal Scheme has been initiated in partnership with Jabalpur Municipal Corporation and
Gwalior Municipal Corporation for creating a zero garbage Zone covering 20,000 households in 5 wards in the city.

A partnership with Gwalior Municipal Corporation developed for citywide awareness generation and capacity building for safe handling
of solid waste management in Gwalior to promote segregation of waste at source and door-to-door collection of municipal solid waste.

The initiatives for Rejuvenation of Community Toilets in partnership with District Urban development Agency in Jabalpur and Gwalior
Municipal Corporation in Gwalior are being implemented to promote O & M of community toilets by the community through collection
of service charges .

The initiative for Community based Drinking water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance in Gwalior has been started in partnership with
Municipal Corporation Gwalior to promote community to support the Municipal Corporation in providing quality water supply to its
consumers.
1.4. Capacity Building

A series of 10 capacity enhancement training programmes for elected representatives and other officials associated in the
implementation of WAC Programme in Madhya Pradesh India have been organized in cooperation with Administrative Staff College of
India (ASCI), Hyderabad to mobilize political will for promoting pro-poor intervention by the Municipal Corporations .

Three capacity building training programmes on GIS Applications for the technical Staff of the four Municipal Corporations of Madhya
Pradesh in partnership with Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun were organised. GIS cells in Municipal Corporations
13
established

• Three capacity building training programmes for senior and middle level officers of the four Municipal Corporations of Madhya
Pradesh in Financial Management including Project Planning and Appraisal and Accounting Reforms in partnership with National
Institute of Financial Management (NIFM), Faridabad have been conducted

Ten training programmes for both men and women on gender mainstreaming have been organized in partnership with Mahila Chetna
Manch (MCM), Bhopal.

Human Values-based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education (HVWSHE) Class rooms in four project cities in Madhya Pradesh and
one in Savarkundla in Gujarat have been established. Twenty resource teachers of the HVWSHE class room schools and about 200
teachers from other schools of the 4 project cities were trained . Exposure of students of about 100 schools in each city to HVWSHE
classrooms for various activities on HVBWSHE was conducted. The continuous activity of the students of other schools will continue in
2008.

Government of Madhya Pradesh is implementing a strategy for promoting HVWSHE in other schools of the cities through a
decentralised programme.

The Coca Cola India has proposed to replicate HVWSHE classrooms in other parts of the country.

Two Capacity Building Programmes on Community Managed Environmental Sanitation and Solid Waste Management was organized
for the officials of Municipal corporations of the four project cities in partnership with Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board,
Chennai .

One Capacity Building Programme on O & M of Water Supply and Waste Water Treatment was organized for the officials of Municipal
corporations of the four project cities in partnership with Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Chennai.

One Capacity Building Programme on Urban Environmental management and Biomedical Waste Management was organized in
partnership with NEERI, Nagpur.

UN-HABITAT in partnership with Shri G. S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore is implementing a project for
Institutionalization of Capacity Building Programme on Grey Water Reuse and Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting.

In collaboration with Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI) UN-HABITAT has planned a series of 10 capacity building
programme for promoting effective delivery of water and sanitation services by the water and sanitation utilities during 2008-09.
1.5. Monitoring & Evaluation and Knowledge Sharing

Tools for mapping the poor and initial environmental examination developed.

Poverty Pocket Situational Analysis (PPSA) for mapping the poverty and environmental infrastructural deficiencies in 1537 poverty
pockets in Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur and Indore was carried out to prioritize the interventions.

The poverty mapping data and report have been used by the State Government and Municipal Corporations for preparing the Municipal
Action Plans for Poverty Reduction under the DFID funded Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for the Poor (MPUSP) programme and for
making pro-poor investments under Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission of Government of India.

Intra Slum Inequity Analysis have been conducted to determine the extent of inequities across the slum to prioritize clusters for
14
interventions with a slum . This tool is being used for prioritizing infrastructural works under MPUSP programme

The baseline survey was completed in all the households of the selected slums. The base line survey were planned in order to provide a
pre project micro picture of the water and sanitation in the area. UN-HABITAT is supporting the Government of Madhya Pradesh for
conducting the Baseline Survey for the 40 selected slums in the 4 cities under AIF and CIF components of ADB loan covenant.

UN-HABITAT has taken up an initiative for developing citizen’s report card based on the survey of people’s responses regarding the
quality of basic service delivery by the Municipal Corporations in the cities of Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur and Gwalior. The stakeholder
consultation has been completed; the GoMP has endorsed the initiative

The Government of Madhya Pradesh has constituted high-level committees at state and city level to monitor the implementation of
Water for Asian Cities Programme in the 4 project cities.

Legislators forum for Human Development (LFHD) has been established to sensitise the policy makers /elected representatives on issues
related to human development so as to enable the government adopt innovative approaches and replicate best practices.
1.6. Cross-Cutting Issues

Gender Mainstreaming Strategy and Action Plan for the four project cities developed, which has been adopted by the state government
to facilitate women’s participation in the water and sanitation service delivery sector.

HVWSHE Class rooms have been established in 4 schools of the project cities to promote Human value based water sanitation and
hygiene education in schools.

The Urban Local Catchment Strategy and action plan for the 4 project cities is under development.

The initiative for preventing spread of HIV and facilitating care to vulnerable and high risk group in selected urban/peri-urban areas of
MP is being implemented.

New policy frame work with a social inclusive approach is being developed, which will ensure right based governance.
2. Nepal
Expected Results (Outputs), as per 2007 work plan

Partnership with government departments, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) and Department of Urban
Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) to complement ADB assisted projects on small town water supply & Sanitation and
Urban environment improvement project for capacity building, pro-poor governance and sanitation and water quality improvement.

Partnership with different stakeholders for pro-poor WATSAN service delivery, arsenic mitigation and household water treatment

Assist to formulate policies and legal framework, prepare guide documents on financial mechanism and urban environment.
2.1. Pro-poor urban WATSAN governance
 Partnership established with DUDBC to conduct poverty mapping and gender assessment in 10 Municipalities and small towns using
the tools developed by UN-HABITAT.
15

This tool has been applied in WATSAN projects of WAC Nepal Programme, by government in 10 municipalities under ADB project
and introduced at regional level in Vietnam and Lao PDR.

Local policy on water tariff structure, piped water connection and private toilet installation has been established with the consideration
of affordability of poor householders in several peri-urban communities in Kathmandu valley and in Bharatpur municipality

A research completed on “Mapping the Footprints of Water Movement in Patan”. A Valley level convention on protection of
traditional water sources held to sensitize the urban residents on importance and conservation of traditional and historic water sources.

Detailed land use map of 5 Municipalities in Kathmandu Valley prepared in partnership with Town Development Committee,
Municipalities, & Melamchi Water Supply Project. Government initiated development of similar land use map in other small towns
with application of the methodology.

National Solid Waste Management Guideline and Act for municipalities and Urban Environmental Guideline for Nepal drafted

Guidebook on Financial Mechanism drafted to ensure water and sanitation coverage to ultra urban poor households
2.2. Urban water demand management
1.
Rainwater harvesting (RWH):

Demonstration sites have been established.

Trained Human Resource developed at different levels.

Helpdesks have been established in 5 Municipalities for promotion of RWH.

Resource center was established at Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) and also at a public
college.

RWH Manual has been drafted in local language.

National Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) steering committee has been formed by Government to promote and advocate RWH.

Report on the ground water recharge study to understand the current ground water situation, recharge potentials and recommend
the recharging methods drafted.

RWH has been adopted by government (MPPW/GoN – Vision 2020 and Interim National Plan) and municipalities (as a
component of building by laws) as an alternative source for meeting urban water scarcity.

Scaling up of RWH system both at household and institutional level.

Trained manpower like plumbers and technicians mobilized to provide services on RWH installation which has supported in
income generation of the plumbers.

One municipality announced 30 % revenue subsidies in building permit if RWH is provisioned and installed.

Different stakeholders like World Wildlife fund, Rotary International, etc. were mobilized in promotion of RWH.

Initiation on preparation of National RWH Policy.
16

2.
As a replication affect of the pilot project, a project was developed with the national water utility and UNDP/PPPUE to serve
additional poor clusters in the valley.
Water Bottling system:

A water bottling system has been established as a demonstration pilot project.

Urban poor communities were provided access to safe drinking water at an affordable price (USD 0.05/20 liters).

A report on feasibility of water bottling and its business plan with Public Private Partnership concept was developed
2.3. Capacity building and Advocacy
 Partnership established with DWSS to strengthen the capacity of Water Supply Users and Sanitation Committees (WSUSCs) in 9 small
towns under the STWSSP on various issues like sustainable and pro poor water and sanitation service delivery, water quality
monitoring system, entrepreneurship skill development.

In addition administrative skills of the WSUSCs from all 29 small towns of the STWSSP enhanced.

Increased water supply coverage in some of the small towns.

Enhanced capacity of the WSUSCs in proper management of the water supply mechanism and increase in tariff collection. Realisation
of the need for strengthening capacity of WSUSCs before handing over of the project to ensure better service delivery

Proceeding Report of the National Workshop on Urban Sanitation 2007 (URBSAN 07) published and shared among the different urban
sanitation sector stakeholders which included the enhanced framework of actions on urban sanitation prepared during the workshop.

Enhanced awareness among policy makers at the central and municipal level in the issues of urban sanitation and initiate actions in this
sector.

Draft water quality standard protocol developed in partnership with WaterAid Nepal to guide partners on maintaining drinking water
standards.

Various Information, Education and Communication materials developed for promotion of household water treatment.

Human resource developed and awareness generated on total sanitation and school led total sanitation tool among various stakeholders
as part of the project with DWSS.

Media Advocacy:
o WATSAN Media Network formed.
o Media Professionals database prepared.
o Television reports, media coverage, radio programmes, audio learning materials etc. on WAC supported projects broadcasted by
national television and radio, FMs and national papers for mass information sharing.
o Quarterly newsletter on WAC programme produced in local language.
o National journalists oriented on WATSAN issues for media advocacy and informed about the WAC programme initiatives with field
17
visits.
Wider dissemination of the activities of UN-HABITAT WAC Programme Nepal
o Urban water and sanitation issues covered by the media
o

Draft report prepared on the study of effectiveness of SOLVATTEN in Nepal as a household level water treatment option

Report on the organisational development and plan prepared for two urban partners. Management skills and service delivery
mechanism of the partners enhanced with application of the organisation development plan.

Professional from partner organizations including the Government were supported to participate in the national and international level
conferences, seminars, workshops and trainings training to sharpen their respective professional capacity.

Partnership established with Government of Nepal, WHO, UNICEF and NRCS for cholera epidemic mitigation in Kathmandu Valley.

Within three weeks time the epidemic was under control as a result of implementation of various mitigation measures.

A complied document prepared for future reference in similar outbreak situations
2.4. Integrated urban water and environmental sanitation initiatives

Community based Integrated Water and environmental sanitation programme completed in five peri-urban poor settlements in the
Valley and 16 urban poor clusters in 2 municipalities:
o Water supply system improved through establishment of new gravity flow water supply schemes, improvement of local and
traditional water sources like ponds and wells
o Improved sanitation and hygiene condition by installation of sustainable sanitation like ECOSAN, biogas system and other on-site
sanitation systems, reuse and recycling of household waste
o Capacity of the local authority and community build for improved service delivery and sustenance of the systems
o Neighbourhood environment enhanced through improvement of drainage, pavement, etc.
o The Community Led and School Led Total Sanitation approach adopted for promotion of health hygiene and sanitation
o Entrepreneurship skill developed and innovative funding mechanism developed for increasing sanitation coverage
o Women saving and credit groups established in these communities for their livelihood improvement.
o 100% sanitation coverage in 10 poor clusters and in four peri-urban communities
o The subsidy support for sanitation coverage converted into revolving fund to expand the sanitation coverage with the maximum loan
flow with minimum interest rate affordable to the poor families
o The project areas established as demonstrated and model sites for replication of integrated water and sanitation services delivery
approach in other peri-urban areas and small towns
o The community based wastewater treatment system promoted by the professionals from the ADB assisted Urban Environment
Improvement Project (UEIP) and Small Town Water Supply Project and other municipalities and communities in their respective
working areas.
18
o
The integrated WATSAN approach demonstrated as a model project for replication in many other communities

Community based wastewater treatment system including a biogas reactor being established for a community of 200 household which
is the first of its kind in Nepal and regular monitoring data generated from the previously established system.

A manual on Reed Bed Wastewater Treatment System for developing countries was prepared.

The manual has been applied by the consultants and professionals of UEIP/ADB project for construction of the system in eight
municipalities.

Institutional and community scale biogas system installed at 12 sites in Kathmandu Valley with different technical options and in
partnership with Government agencies, academic institutions, UNDP/GEF and municipalities.

Municipal level waste water management plan prepared for Madhyapur Thimi Municipality

Localising MDG related to water and sanitation being demonstrated in Kalaiya Municipality (one of the poorest municipality) in
collaborative initiatives between Kaliya municipality, Municipal Association of Nepal, GTZ/udle, UNDP/RUPP and UN-HABITAT

Implemented a supplementary activity in one of the small town to promote ECOSAN toilets in the ADB funded Small Town Water
Supply and Sanitation Project (STWSSP).

MOU signed between Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), UNICEF and WHO for implementation of national level
arsenic testing and mitigation programme. 50% of the arsenic testing results produced and arsenic mitigation plan developed based on
the testing results.

This MoU helped to draw additional resources from Government national budget by including it in the National Plan for 2007/08 and
other international agencies

Based on the study findings, the Bagmati River Conservation Plan is being prepared in association with Government of Nepal and
Nature Conservation Trust/ UNEP.

A comprehensive urban catchments management strategy developed for Godavari catchment of Bagmati River system.

The study brought attention of the concerned authorities for the need of faecal sludge management.

Information base and strategies for protection and environmental improvement of Bagmati River and its territory drafted.

Draft report prepared on the research and study of Faecal Sludge Management in the Kathmandu Valley
2.5. Water, Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene for Urban Poor :

Cooperation Agreement was signed with Water Aid Nepal to provide water, environmental sanitation and hygiene programme for
urban poor communities of Bharatpur municipality, Lubhu and Narayan Tole:

A training manual was prepared on “Community Health and Hygiene” to guide the training partners on promoting health and hygiene
behavioural improvement.

8 poor clusters of Bharatpur municipality, Lubhu and Narayan Tole were benefited with Water and Environmental Sanitation
Improvement (WESI) plan that had guided municipality and Lubhu VDC and local community for the execution. As part of the WESI
plan Community based waste water treatment plant by integrating biogas system had been designed in Bharatpur and Lubhu.
19

Poverty map of 8 communities of Bharatpur and Lubhu was prepared that enhanced the municipality and VDC and other development
agencies for pro poor investment development plan.

Detailed investment plan for improved environmental sanitation of Bharatpur municipality, Lubhu and Narayan Tole was prepared that
guided municipality, VDC for pro poor environmental investment.

20 traditional wells improved that benefited 400 families with improved water quality in Lubhu VDC.

75 private toilets in ultra poor families and drainage improvement had improved the household as well as community sanitation.

RWH system demonstrated in public school of Lubhu motivated organization like USAID and Planate Infants (France based INGO) to
replicate the system in their respective project areas.

Three Saving and Credit groups of women established to mobilize their respective savings for small scale businesses.

Various capacity building and sensitizing interventions had capacitated and sensitized the locals for massive community participation
and contribution.

An agreement has been reached to supply piped water in the cluster of squatter settlements in Bharatpur by Nepal Water Supply
Corporation (NWSC). The previous mandate of NWSC is not to provide the service in the informal settlement. This project
intervention facilitated this significant transformation of the policy.
2.6 Sustainable Sanitation practices
With an objective of supplementing the activities of ADB funded Small Town Water and Sanitation Project in Sunwal Village Development
Committee (VDC) through demonstrating ecological sanitation approach for replication in other project areas of the Water and Sanitation
Project, an agreement was made with the Water Users’ and Sanitation Committee (WUSC).

One of the major achievement of the project has been the adoption of the total sanitation concept by the WUSC for implementation the
project

18 sanitation clubs has been established and are conducting massive awareness raising activities which has been successful in creating
demand for toilets

Out of the proposed 120 ECOSAN toilets, till date 94 urine diversion wet ECOSAN toilets have been constructed and 10 urine
diversion dry toilets are under construction

The demand for the dry toilets have increased as a result of the observation tour for 40 participants to a few sites in Kathmandu

Five ultra poor 5 settlements are being surveyed out of which 2 settlements will be provided with toilets to achieve total sanitation in
these two settlements

Urine diversion system has been installed in two public toilets and a demonstration field established for application of the urine
collected from these public toilets
2.7 Climate change
20

Plans have been developed to build capacity on climate change and its mitigation measure to 12 municipal staff, 24 NGOs and private
sector (24 entrepreneurs) to initiate collaborative efforts in addressing the issues.

Out of the proposed 11 demonstration institutional level biogas units (4 having connections to the toilets), 8 units have already been
established and the gas generated being utilised.


Following Bio gas demonstration sites were established to sensitize locals towards inter-relation between Bio Gas and Climate change.
o
Bio Gas Support Programme partnership with Manokranti, a spiritual living learning center;
o
Tribhuvan University partnership at Amrit Science College
o
Nepal Solar Enegy Society partnership at Sunga
o
Nepal Solar Enegy Society partnership to instal two bio gas at Lalitpur and one at Kathmandu
o Center for Energy Studies partnership to instal one at Tribhuvan University & two at Kalimati Vegetable Market
A Cooperation agreement has been signed to sensitize municipal authorities in the sector of climate change issues and explore potential
revenue generation through CDM projects.
2.8. Human Values-based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education (HVBWSHE) in Nepal
Partnership with the Ministry of Education and an NGO established to implement Human Value Based Water Sanitation and Hygiene
Education in Nepal. A Cooperation Agreement was signed with ECCA (Environment Camp for Conservation Awareness) to promote
HVBWSHE at national level through piloting approach at 10 schools and integrating it with national curricula. Detailed work-plan for two
years (2008 – 2010) has been prepared and 10 schools have been selected for this purpose.
2.9. Cross Cutting Issues: Gender, Conflict & Peace Building, Poverty, Environment, Right Perspective Governance, Participation
 Inclusive representation structure of user committees practiced.

Interventions emphasized the urban pro poor governance in all the cooperation.

Massive participation is the key focus towards success of the interventions

Poverty mapping and gender mainstreaming tools widely used to ensure social inclusion and gender sensitive interventions

Capacity building and mobilization of community a key factor for the success of WATSAN interventions.
Other Activities
Arsenic Testing and Mitigation:

MOU has been signed between Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS), UNICEF and WHO for implementation of
national level arsenic testing and mitigation programme.

On the basis of MOU, Cooperation agreement was signed with Nepal Red Cross Society (NRCS) for implementing arsenic mitigation
programme and with Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) for arsenic blanket testing programme in seven Terai
21
districts.

Training on arsenic testing was completed, detailed work plan prepared and field level staffs were mobilized to initiate field works.

NRCS able to establish partnership with CIDA to mobilize additional financial resources in this sector.

Development of IEC and training materials to sensitize public and professionals in mitigation and testing technologies in partnership
with UNICEF and DWSS.
Support for improvement of Bagmati River and its tributaries:

A comprehensive urban catchments management strategy was developed for Godavari catchments of Bagmati River system.

Information base and strategies have been developed for environmental improvement of Bagmati river and its territory which includes
map of the Bagmati River and its territory, sand mining feasibility of Bagmati River, Strategies for recovering encroached land in
Bagmati and its territory and strategies for protecting the river. This document will be utilized by High Power Committee for integrated
development of Bagmati Civilization / MPPW (Ministry of Physical Planning and Works).

Research and study on feacal Sludge management brought attention of the concerned authorities for the need of faecal sludge
management. High Power Committee for integrated development of Bagmati Civilization / MPPW (Ministry of Physical Planning and
Works) had conducted several interaction programmes to find pathways for its management by involving private sectors and all major
stakeholders.
3. Peoples Republic of China
Expected Results (Outputs), as per 2007 work plan

Partnership with government and local authorities to complement ADB assisted projects in Nanjing and Kunming on capacity building,
pro-poor governance, water demand management, human values based water, sanitation and hygiene education, as well as water and
sanitation improvement.

Partnership with different stakeholders for pro-poor WATSAN service delivery

Assist to formulate policies and legal framework, prepare guide documents on financial mechanism and urban environment
Pro-poor urban WATSAN governance
 Produced a report on rapid assessment of water and sanitation services to the poor in project town.

Prepared a policy on water and sanitation tariff and pro-poor subsidies.

Established user’s committee for self management of water and sanitation facilities

Established partnership with water utilities to carryout Initial Environmental Examination as per methodology developed by UN
HABITAT.

Endorsed Policies to support the low income people on water and sanitation services

Water and sanitation services received by the poor people with affordable cost.
22

Enhanced capacity of water utility in management by using pro-poor urban WATSAN governance tools
Urban water demand management
 Developed Water Conservation and Demand Management Strategy of four 4 Cities

Water utility authorities and city dwellers aware on conservation of water, reuse and recycling, rainwater harvesting due to the mass
public awareness

A pilot project on water saving has been initiated by local authority

Enhanced operational efficiency and effectiveness.

Resources from untied fund at the city level are being mobilized
Integrated Urban Water and Environmental Sanitation

Improved and Increased safe water and sanitation coverage in poor settlement of program area

Communities are aware on health and hygiene besides providing water and sanitation facilities

Overall environmental improvement

Poor communities have increased access to sanitation.

Pro-poor intervention strategy put in place.

Mayors from programme towns, professionals from government and water utilities were trained on water and sanitation management

Trained artisans enhanced their capacity in the labor market in Puer, Jinghong Cities

Enhanced community participation in the planning and implementation process

Improvement in financial management in Municipal Corporations perceptible

Increased Pro-poor investments

Elected representatives have become aware of best practices. They have shown interest in replicating such practices in the cities.
Capacity building
 Established partnership with National Training Center for the Mayor to conduct training programme on water and sanitation to the
Mayors from the project towns.

Established partnership with Nanjing University for conduction of training to the professionals from government and utility

Trained local artisans to increase their capability in labor market
23
Human Values-based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education (HVWSHE)
 Established water classrooms in Nanjing
 Developed training materials to promote HVBWSHE and public awareness in local language
 Established partnership with Kunming for implementation HVBWSHE signed in Kunming
 Increased Awareness in HVBWSE at all level.
 Positive attitudinal change towards scared resource like water.
Monitoring and Evaluation

Develop, establish, implement and maintain project materials, brochures and use these as materials for knowledge sharing and project
follow up

Prepare media productions of all the processes involved in the implementation of the project
4. Lao PDR
Expected Results (Outputs), as per 2007 workplan
1. Partnership with government and local authorities to complement ADB grant, NORAD, OPEC and UN-HABITAT assisted projects
in The Northern and Central Regions Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
(referred to as NCRWSSS
Project).
2. To provide water and sanitation systems to 12 towns in the Northern and Central Regions in Lao PDR (UN-HABITAT intervention
covers capacity building of Community Action Teams, Water and Sanitation Units, Branch Nam Papas, assessment of the water
quantity and quality of potential water source and settlement mapping of project towns)
Outputs
1. Pro-poor urban WATSAN governance

Report on water quality and quantity of 12 towns produced

Produced social maps of 12 towns by showing all features including potential water sources, poverty levels, employment types, and
water and sanitation user behavior

90 % of water utilities of each participating provinces equipped with technical capacity in water flow measurement, water quality
analysis and number of towns equipped with social maps useful for urban planning;

Improved quality, reliability, and sustainability of water supply sources and maps of socio-economic features are updated and used
for urban planning;

Over 90% of people in target areas have access to reliable and safe water supply and the extent to which participating towns utilise
24
social maps for urban planning.
2. Urban water demand management
 Developed Water Conservation and Demand Management Strategy of 12 selected towns;

Water quality and quantity of 12 towns assessed and settlement, community and social maps showing all features of the towns
including potential water sources, poverty levels, employment types, and water and sanitation user behavior are produced;
3. Integrated Urban Water and Environmental Sanitation

Improved and Increased safe water and sanitation coverage in poor settlement of 12 selected towns.

Communities are aware on health and hygiene besides providing water and sanitation facilities.
4. Capacity building on Community

Established Community Action Teams (CATs) and build Capacity for implementation and operation of the WATSAN facilities.
5 . Capacity building of professionals from provincial branch of water utility

60 professional from provincial state enterprises trained on Water, Conservation and Demand, Sanitation and Water Quality and
HVWSHE.
6. Water, Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene for Urban Poor

Improved and Increased safe water and sanitation coverage in poor settlement of program area
 Communities are aware on health and hygiene besides providing water and sanitation facilities
7. Human value based water sanitation and hygiene education (HVBWSHE)

Developed training materials to promote HVWSHE and public awareness in local language.
5. Vietnam
Pro-poor urban WATSAN governance

Partnerships have been established with five local water utilities to prepare poverty mapping, and IEE as per methodology
developed by UN-HABITAT

Mapping the poor in Municipalities like Cam Ranh, Gia, Nghia and Song Cau.

IEE developed for selected low-income settlement areas in 2 towns (Gia Nghia and Song Cau)

Municipalities (Cam Ranh, Gia Nghia, and Song Cau) direct their periodic plans and invest their respective resources as indicated
25
by the results of Poverty Mapping, and need identification as an initiative to practice pro poor urban governance at municipal level.

Enhanced capacity of water utility in management by using pro-poor urban WATSAN governance tool
Urban water demand management

Developed WCDM and Sanitation Strategy for four towns in partnership with water utility in consultation with relevant
stakeholders

Enhanced capacities of water utilities for mainstreaming WCDM principles in water supply planning at different organizational
levels in water utility

Poor community pockets in the town of Cam Ranh established community based water supply schemes by utilizing and renovating
existing distribution pipelines.
Integrated urban water and environmental sanitation initiatives

Partnerships established for implementation of Fast Track Community based Water Supply and Sanitation project s in 4 towns (Cam
Ranh, Song Cau, Thap Cham and Ca Na) that will provide toilet for 3,400 households and 4,530 families will have safe and regular
drinking water facilities.

Three communities have initiated community based water supply and sanitation schemes.

Policy document drafted for pro-poor water and sanitation service delivery.

Information Education and Communication materials developed in local language and documented project implementation process
Capacity building
Capacity building of professionals from provincial branch of water utility

Developed a plan for strengthening the capacity of Cam Ranh Water Utility by supporting 2 weeks training course in India and
Singapore.

Enhanced capacity of professionals from water utilities for effective and sustainable WATSAN service delivery.
Policy Support and Capacity Building
 Policies to provide services (water and sanitation) to the poor
 Public awareness campaign.
Monitoring and Evaluation

Develop, establish, implement and maintain project materials, brochures and use these as materials for knowledge sharing and project
follow up
26
Comments on Variance
Between Expected and
Achieved Results

Prepare media productions of all the processes involved in the implementation of the project

Currency Devaluation: The projects encountered the difficulties in execution of the project activities due to the recent devaluation of
USD (1 US$: 45 INR has been reduced to 1 US$: 38 INR.).

Local Administration: Most of the cooperation agreements of UN-HABITAT in Madhya Pradesh are with Government/ Municipal
Corporations. The frequent bureaucratic reshuffling has affected decisions at the state as well as at the city level resulting in dislocation
of programme implementation schedule.

Political instability: The cessation of development oriented support to the nation during the decade long national conflict had taken up its
speed with the vision of construction of New Nepal. The recent political transformation have given light to the positive development
change with the promulgation of the interim constitution and the formation of the multi-party interim government which brought the
promise of sustained peace to Nepal, there are emerging signs of a strong policy change towards low-income housing and urban
development. However, as this political transformation is taking up its shape, the development initiatives are taking little slower pace
than intended.

Absence of elected Local representatives: Similarly, as the national agenda is towards the Peace and Constitutional Assembly, the
election of local government is not the current prime priority. Thus, the absence of local elected body has hampered the local
development initiatives.

Security: The current Terai instability had hampered Terai region support to great extent due to the security concern of the involved staff
of UN-HABITAT implementing partners.

USD: The projects encountered the difficulties in execution of the project activities due to the recent devaluation of USD (1USD:73 NRs
has been reduced to 1USD:63 NRs.) in local NRs. Currency.
Water for African Cities Programme – Country Activities

Activities under the Water for African Cities Phase II Programme (WAC II) continued in 2007, with country level project
implementation in full swing. The focus continued to be on city-level implementation in the six thematic priority areas: (a) pro-poor
governance and follow-up investment; (b) Sanitation for the urban poor; (c) Urban catchment management; (d) Water demand
management; (e) Water education in schools and communities; (f) Advocacy, awareness-raising, and information exchange. The
crosscutting themes of gender mainstreaming and capacity building are being pursued in all the thematic areas to ensure eventual
sustainability.

The WAC II programme continues to operate along two complementary tracks: (a) city demonstrations in the 17 participating cities, and
(b) region-wide activities to share information and build capacity between cities within the region. The objective of the city level
activities is to pilot initiatives that deliver access to water and sanitation services for the urban poor, with the goal of direct service
improvements to the pilot area, but more significantly, to demonstrate examples of effective practice which can be adopted and scaled up
by communities, governments and financial institutions. Regional activities involve all WAC cities and focus on exchange between
them. WAC II activities which cut across the region are gender mainstreaming, awareness creation and communications, Values-Based
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education in Schools, and regional capacity building. The regional activities are one of the important
ways of consolidating and capitalising upon the city-level pilots. Experiences of city-level implementation are distilled and disseminated
through regional exchange, broadening the benefits of isolated demonstration activities. Additionally, the engagement of higher-level
27
decision makers in the regional activities aims to help move good practice from the pilot to policy phase.
Strategic Partnerships
Under the WAC programme, UN-Habitat continued to plays a key role in developing and promoting partnerships amongst all stakeholders at
all levels of the governance structures. The organization works with inter-governmental organizations, national and local governments,
NGOs and CBOs. Aside from water and sanitation related actors, the WAC activities cross traditional sectoral boundaries to other related
sectors, including housing, local government, lands and planning, health, urban development, environment, education and gender.
 Through the WAC programme, UN-HABITAT enjoys special relationships with the multi-lateral organizations and regional development
banks, some of which have been formalized in Memoranda of Understanding. The partnerships with development banks, are particularly
important in terms of ensuring that capacity enhancements to facilitate more effective investments are directly and immediately linked to
substantial investment opportunities. The WSTF can effectively bridge the divided institutional responsibilities in the water and sanitation
sector which greatly enhances the potential to promote investments.
 Annual coordination meetings between UN-HABITAT and the African Development Bank (under the auspices of the MOU signed in
March 2006) were held December 2007 with a view to promoting an increased flow of investment to the water supply and sanitation
sector in the WAC II participating cities. These meetings evaluated ongoing collaborative country level activities and identified countries
to focus on in the coming year, in line with AfDB’s country programme portfolio. In 2007 collaboration activities were started and are
ongoing in Kenya (the Kibera slums in Nairobi and the Lake Victoria South Water Board area), Mali (Niono in the Sege region) and in
the Lake Victoria region in liaison with the East African Community.
 The UN-HABITAT programme on Water for African Cities is one of the AMCOW endorsed partner initiatives, and regular briefings are
provided to AMCOW during its Technical Committee (TAC) and Executive Committee (EXCO) meetings, as well as at its Ordinary
Sessions on progress on the programme. Generally positive statements on the Programme have regularly featured in conclusions and
outcomes of such meetings, including:
o Encouraging its members of participating countries in the programme to accelerate the signing of the MoUs for implementation to
begin in the countries. It also urged for the promotion and sensitisation of gender mainstreaming, capacity building, introduction of
innovative sanitation technology and water, sanitation and hygiene education in the programmes.
o
At its 6th ordinary session in Brazzaville in May 2007, AMCOW took note of the good progress made by UN-HABITAT in
furthering the water agenda in Africa.
o
At the subsequent meeting of the EXCO in Nairobi in November 2007 EXCO agreed to express its appreciation to UN-Habitat for its
continued support to the WAC II and LVWATSAN and instructed TAC to follow up with Un-HABITAT on the 2008-2012 Strategy
for the Programme. It also noted with satisfaction UN-HABITAT’s support to the Water Operators Partnership mechanism in Africa
In-Country Activities and Partnerships
 Currently, there are 18 cities from 15 countries involved in the WAC II programme.
28
 To date, 9 Memorandum of Understanding have been signed between UN-HABITAT and the governments of Cameroon, Mali, Burkina
Faso, Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Senegal, Rwanda and Mozamique. The MOUs are based on programme documents developed through
intense stakeholder consultations and validation workshops.
 Over 30 Cooperation Agreements are currently in place with government and NGO partners at city level to implement demonstration
activities in the WAC II thematic focus areas.
 A comprehensive programme management structure has been put in place within the active countries. A national steering committee
comprised of high-level officials from relevant ministries and key national water and sanitation institutions provides programme guidance
and ensures programme activities are supported by political will. WAC “City Managers” serve as the city-level focal points for the
programme, and they build support for the WAC programme amongst the multiple stakeholders of their local WATSAN sector. In this
second phase, the WAC City Managers are assisted by National Technical Advisors or Project Officers (UN-HABITAT staff) who follow
up on the programme activities on a daily basis.
 Start-up activities have begun without an MOU in Kenya, while project formulation is still ongoing in Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. In
the Ivory Coast and Niger except for the Water Education in Schools Programme, no country-level WAC II programme is being
implemented due to the lack of political stability in the country.
 There have been strong commitments (both in cash and in kind) by country/city partners to implement activities of the WAC II
programme. Implementation of component activities under the MOU are being undertaken by national implementation agencies and
NGOs.
 As part of the demonstration activities several social mobilization, sensitization and training/capacity building activities targeting various
stakeholders, have been undertaken in most of the participating cities under the ongoing implementation by various partners in the areas
of pro-poor governance, sanitation and urban catchment management (for local authorities and communities; HVWSHE (for teachers and
trainee teachers in training colleges), water supplies and water demand management (for utilities, small scale water vendors and
communities) in the participating countries etc. The impacts of these capacity building activities are being felt, and is also making for
uptake by governments in some of the participating cities.
Burkina Faso
 following the signing of the MoU with the Government of Burkina in 2006 and the setting up of structures including a national steering
committee to oversee the project in Burkina Faso, implementation of activities under a number of cooperation agreements picked up in
2007.
Cooperation Agreement with CREPA
 A Baseline study has been conducted to identify the small-scale informal water vendors (VEQAD) in poor communities of
Ouagadougou. The report of the study was validated in June 2007. Training modules were developed, and four training sessions of four
days duration each were organized from May 8 to June 1st, 2007 with the objective of assessing vendors’ skills in delivering safe water
and how they can improve their working conditions and management style. 108 trainees from the benefited from these training sessions.
 Focal persons have been identified to help establish and monitor VEQAD associations and serve as intermediaries between CREPA and
29
their colleagues.
 The Urban Basic Services Support Program (PASUB), a micro credit programme in district 21 of Bobo Dioulasso, is ongoing. The
programme helps poor households to get connected to the ONEA water supply network using a revolving fund.
 Various promotional activities have been carried out to ensure the visibility of the projects. Some of them are: (i) general information
about the WAC programme and related pilot projects, (ii) Several articles on baseline studies, training conducted, workshops, relation
with partners, use of CREPA network and a quarterly newsletter.
 CREPA is also providing support to the Values based water, sanitation and hygiene education (VBWSHE) component by (a) contributing
to the development of training materials and (b) constructing viable water and sanitation facilities in targeted schools. A baseline study
was conducted in three demonstration schools: Kindergarten of sector 27 - public primary school of Wayalghin D&E – Primary School
teachers’ Training College of Loumbila. The construction of works in the primary schools of Wayalghin D and E is completed. Works in
the Loumbila ENEP have recently been concluded.
 Information Exchange took place in relation with the development of CREPA as a resource centre in Water and Sanitation. CREPA Mali
and CREPA Senegal are both involved in this process.
 A two month pilot campaign on hygiene and sanitation around ten water points was completed in November 2007. This activity initially
foreseen in only one district has been achieved effectively in the five districts of the whole city. An average of 300 persons (children,
women and men) have been mobilised in each event organised during the campaign. Initial meetings have been organized to prepare for a
wider public awareness campaign
Innovative sanitation project with ENDA Rup
 The development of a community small bore sewerage system (SBSS), and the establishment of microcredit facilities to facilitate access
to the system, in the Somgande periurban area of Ouagadougou was substantially completed.during the year, and about 350 households
are currently benefiting from the facility. Due to the unexpected high demand from the community for the services, additional works have
been identified to expand the system. An agreement with ENDA RUP will be concluded in early 2008 to undertake the expansion works.
Values-based Water Sanitation and Hygiene Education(VBWSHE) with the Ministry of Basic Education
 Implementation of activities by the Ministry delayed because of changes that resulted in movement of personnel on the project. A
meeting of the steering committee validated and approved the action plan under the cooperation agreement, with minor amendments to
the implementation schedule to take account of the delay as a result of the replacement of the focal point for the programme. .
 With the support of TAISSE (The African Institute of Sathya Sai Education), guide documents and monitoring tools are completed and
available. They were validated during an extensive workshop on the period from 14 to 18 May 2007. The trainees who attended the
Centralised training workshop in Arusha facilitated the workshops. One hundred trash cans were distributed to the pilot school as part of
UN-HABITAT’s support in enhancing sanitation conditions in schools.
 The target schools are three: one primary school (695 pupils, 16 teachers, 01 inspector, and 02 pedagogic advisors), one preschool (5
teachers, 91 children), one teacher training school (35 students, 511 teachers). 45% of the target school audience are females.
 The three communities surrounding the pilot school will benefit from a non formal education. Water supply and sanitation facilities
30
(public toilets in communities and 2 complexes of school latrines available in each school, one for male and one for female).
Public toilet complexes with ONEA
 Under the cooperation signed in May 2006 with ONEA, construction has begun on two public toilet complexes in Ouagadougou. The
architectural design is completed and the design has been accepted by UN-HABITAT. A call for bids and the selection of the contractor
are effective since 30 November 2007. Protracted internal administrative issues within ONEA has led to delays in the original
implementation schedule. It is envisaged that the toilet complexes will be available for use by mid 2008
Mitigating Flooing in Dori and Improving the Sanitation Situation in the Municipality
 A project in collaboration with the Dori Municipality was initiated upon request from the mayor of Dori to UN-HABITAT. The request is
related to the need to conduct an assessment of flooding in the town, and recommend measures to contain the perennial flooding and
improve the sanitation condition in the town. Two missions were conducted to Dori to assess the feasibility of the request in July 2007.
Based on the missions, Terms of Reference have been developed and a consultant has been recruited to undertake the assessments. Based
on the outcomes of the assessment, and in relation with other donors and partners of the Dori Municipality, UN-HABITAT will
contribute to the implementation of the recommended measures. The contribution form UN-HABITAT will also cover sanitation
infrastructures development (latrines) to households and selected public areas in connection with the achievement of the MDGs in Dori.
Gender Mainstreaming Workshop
 A seminar to introduce gender equity tools and approaches in the WAC programme activities was conducted on 31 May and 1st June
2007. A gender mainstreaming action plan was developed after the seminar and all activities are now gender sensitive.
Cameroon
Aside from the HVWSHE programme, most activities are in their early stages of implementation. A number of potential implementing
partners have been identified with whom cooperation agreements will soon be developed
Human Values in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education with the Ministry of Basic Education
 The HVWSHE is benefitting 2525 pupils, 108 teachers from 5 pilot schools in Cameroon. In the 2007 period monitoring and evaluation
tools have been developed to allow inspectors and pedagogic advisors to monitor the progress and the implementation process in schools
(teachers and head masters).
 Latrine rehabilitation is ongoing in Mvan Aéroport pilot school. Contractors are currently working to carry out full sanitation service
rehabilitation as well as water supply at a second school. 100 trash bins have been distributed to the schools and in the communities
surrounding the demonstration schools.
 The community component of the project is due to start in January 2008 after the training directed to the non formal education monitors is
completed.
31
Community managed sanitation project in Douala and Edea in partnership with ENDA-Rup.
 The development of a small bore sewerage system (SBSS) in a Tractafric settlement in Douala and another informal settlement in Edea,
Amour has been ongoing since 2005. Construction of the scheme is nearly complete. The microcredit facility established with the
microfinance institution MIGECAM is also in place. About 212 households will benefit from the facility on full completion. As at the end
of the year activities were focused on completing residual works and finalising management and monitoring arrangements, and
documenting the experience for wide dissemination.
Cooperation Agreement with Water Aid Burkina Faso
 The agreement with WaterAid Burkina Faso was concluded in October 2008 and focuses on demonstrating and promoting appropriate
water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in select poor areas of Ouagadougou, through advocacy and public awareness creation and
supporting the implementation of the Human Values in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education in the communities of the chosen
schools.
Gender Mainstreaming
 A seminar to introduce gender equity tools and approaches in the WAC programme activities was conducted from 24 to 25 May 2007 in
Yaoundé. A gender mainstreaming action plan was developed after the seminar, and have been integrated into the ongoing activities.
Ghana


The WAC II Programme in Accra is assisting to implement a pilot dmonstarte an integrated water supply and sanitation initiative in
Zabon Zongo, a high density low income area in Accra with a population of about 22,000 people. Components of the integrated
interventions are: introducing pro-poor water and sanitation governance; increasing access to sanitation services; increasing access to
safe drinking water supply at affordable cost for the community, water demand management in the area, and human values based water
sanitation and hygiene education, and promoting hygiene and sanitation through advocacy and awareness creation. A related component
is the urban catchment management activities in the Weija reservoir catchment area to mitigate the polluting impacts on the reservoir of
the population that live within the catchment area.
The Steering Committee (SC) chaired by the Director of the Water Directorate of the Ministry of Water Resources, Works and Housing
meets regularly every month to give direction to the programme activities. The status of implementation of the programme components
as at the end of 2007 is as follows:
Cooperation Agreement with Wateraid Ghana Ltd:
Pro-Poor Governance for Water Supply and Sanitation Services
 A Community Development Committee (CDC) to govern Water and Sanitation services has been established and was formally
inaugurated by the Deputy Regional Minister of the Greater Accra Region in August 2007. The Committee is made up of six males and
five females and the members represent various groups in the community.
 A TOR and constitution have been developed and adopted to guide the operations of the Committee, and the members have been
32
sensitized about the project and trained to enhance their capacity to function.
 The members have also received training on how to mainstream gender concerns in the project activities. The chairperson and a member
of the committee participated in a training workshop on pro-poor sanitation technology and management in India.
 The committee meets regularly twice a month to monitor the implementation of the project. The committee has participated in poverty
mapping, infrastructure audit and needs assessment to determine the baseline situation and preferences for water and sanitation facilities
and services.
Gender Mainstreaming
 A gender mainstreaming workshop was held on 23rd to 24th August, 2007 at the Regency Hotel, Accra. It was organized by UNHABITAT in collaboration with the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs, and the Gender and Water Alliance. It was attended by 31
participants from the membership of the Steering Committee for WAC II, the Community Development Committee, select community
members and the various consultants engaged on the WAC II programme. A representative from the Ministry, assisted by representatives
from UN-HABITAT and the Gender and Water Alliance facilitated the Workshop session.
Access to Sanitation Facilities and Services for the Sabong Zongo Community
 Designs to improve existing toilets, construct waste water and flood water drains and improve garbage collection have been delivered.
The designs were reviewed by the Development Committee, opinion leaders, and disadvantaged groups like cripples in the community.
As a result of these reviews, the designs have been amended to incorporate the concerns expressed by the CDC and members of the
community. While household toilets seem the way to go, there is a preference for public toilets to avoid conflict arising from
unwillingness of household residents to pay for services or take part in cleaning to keep toilet facilities clean.
 Tender documents have been prepared and tendering for the selection of a contractor to undertake the construction of the facilities are
ongoing. Construction is expected to start in the first quarter of 2008. The expected output of putting in place strategies to manage the
facilities to provide services will be fully delivered by mid 2008.
Cooperation Agreement with Ghana Water Company Ltd: Improvig access to Water Supply facilities and Services and Demand
Management
 The outputs related to improving access to drinking water supply at affordable prices, and managing water demand in the community
have been delayed, due to the delays in signing the Co-operation Agreement with the GWCL and the GWCL’s own internal problems due
to changes of City Manager and time consuming procurement procedures: However, there was some continued activity by GWCL on the
program initiated in Zabon Zongo and other low income areas to increase numbers of standpipes manned by commission earning vendors.
Effort is expended to attract female vendors.
 Due to the delays, the planned digitization of the transmission and distribution network in Accra West District, as well as the acquisition
of water meters and other logistics to enable water balance measurements in Zabon Zongo and other districts in the region (to facilitate
33
the implementation of water demand management measures by the WDM team and the GIS Unit of the Accra West Region), could not
take off.
 Consultant services are expected to be procured in January 2008 to design and oversee the laying of pipes to points where community
members will be able to fetch water at lifeline tariffs and save over 60% of residents from purchasing at four times the approved tariffs
from private water vendors.
 Activities have been planned for the public relations units of the GWCL and the Abossey Okai Sub Metro (the local government unit
responsible for the Zabon Zongo area) to create public awareness and to ensure equity in the provision of services and to make people
aware of the linkages between good drinking water, safe disposal of waste and hygienic habits with health. These will be implemented
once funds are disbursed for this component.
Cooperation Agreement with Ghana Water Resources Commission: Urban Catchments Management to Improve Quality of Raw Water
Source for Accra Water Supply
 The Accra City water supply has one of its sources from the Weija reservoir on the Densu river. The catchment behind the dam is some
2490 km2 in area with significant urban settlements and agricultural activities. Measures taken in the upper catchment since WAC I have
resulted in improving the quality of the reservoir water. However, activities in the lower catchment threaten to undermine the
improvement achieved and also threaten the safety of the dam. Under the ongoing activities, a Weija Reservoir Management Committee
has been established, sensitized and trained to oversee the protection of the catchment in collaboration with the District Assemblies (the
local governments) in that portion of the catchment
 A study has been completed on the land degradation activities in the lower catchment that impact on the reservoir water quality. The
study led to a comprehensive report on: Land Cover/Land Use Maps of the Weija Reservoir Catchment for the Management of the Accra
City Water Supplies from the Reservoir. Findings and recommendations from the study have been presented to the Government and the
District Administration in which the reservoir is located, and has been discussed with the Development Committee.
 Publicity given to the findings through widespread Radio and TV coverages have attracted considerable public and Government attention
about the reservoir water quality and the structural safety of the dam. Even though these problems have been known by government, the
regulatory agencies have seemed impotent at controlling the situation. The publicity given about the problems have at last galvanized
Government into action to demolish unauthorized structures which were springing up even within the acquisition area of the reservoir.
 Training workshops aimed at improving the capacity of the Waste Management Department of the local administration to manage wastes
in a sanitary manner so as not to endanger the water quality of the reservoir have been delivered. Tender documents have been prepared
for the construction of household sanitary facilities for communities in the catchment of the Lake. An output to assist settlements close to
the reservoir with sanitation facilities which are hygienic will be delivered in the first half of 2008.
Cooperation Agreement with the Ghana Education Service: Human Values in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education (HVBWSHE)
 To ensure sustainability of the project in the future, a number of outputs have been delivered to the Development Committee and the
community under the HBWSHE component to raise awareness and teach children and residents about environmental sanitation and
34
personal hygiene.
 The first is a baseline study and a training needs assessment of teachers in the community. This output has been followed by a Training
of Trainers. Those trained included teachers in the District Education and Health Departments, the Curriculum Development Unit of the
Ghana Education Service and a Training College. This output has been followed with the training of teachers in the schools and also of
community educators. A related output which has been delivered is the development of training materials (adapted from the generic
HVWSHE training manual). Teachers and community educators have been trained to use these materials in the schools and the
community.
 The concept of Human Values introduced by WAC II has been found so relevant and useful that the Government of Ghana has adopted it
for inclusion in its current national educational reform for all basic schools. The implementation of the reforms started in September,
2007, and the HVWSHE concept has been fully embedded in the reformed curriculum..
 Arrangements are far advanced to establish the water classrooms as the next output. Beginning in early 2008
 For the sustainability of this component of the project, the fencing of one of the pilot school compound and the roofing of a number of
classrooms which were originally not part of the project has come up for serious consideration.
Mali
Partnership with the African Development Bank
 A joint mission was conducted in June with the African Development Bank (AfDB) to assess areas of joint activity for sanitation projects
in selected cities of Mali. UN-HABITAT’s role in this collaboration is to bring technical and methodological support to the AfDB
programme in Niono in the Segou region. The city faces regular flooding and sanitation problems. The WAC programme, in
collaboration with the National Directorate for Sanitation in Mali, is working on adopting appropriate household and public latrines
design as pilot demonstration interventions. The Bank will subsequently provide grant funds for all the household latrines (grant up to
90%) and public toilet (full grant). The funds to be leveraged through these interventions is estimated at 10m UA. It is envisaged that
partnerships with other bilateral and multi lateral donors might also bring additional investment resources to this programme..
Human Values in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education with the Ministry of National Education
 The department in charge of formal education is leading the implementation of the Values-based Water, sanitation and Hygiene education
component. As at the end of 2007, 3452 pupils and 112 teachers from 4 pilot schools are participating in the programme through the
formal education system.
 An additional training workshop was held for formal and non-formal educators who will act as the core of VBWSHE trainers.
 existing educational material (curriculum) has been adapted to incorporate value-based water, sanitation and hygiene education and
existing cultural values in water, sanitation and hygiene education duly recognised.
 Generic training manuals were developed under the supervision of TAISSE (The African Institute of Sathya Sai Education), which has a
long experience on teaching through Human values.
 Training Guides were also developed for the purpose of training local trainers
35
 Extra-curricular activities have been introduced within the schools to facilitate and promote values-based education
 Monitoring and evaluation tools have been developed to allow inspectors and pedagogic advisors to monitor the progress and the
implementation process in schools
 Water supply has been established in the following pilot schools: IFM of Bougouni (a teachers’ training college), Jean Richard Primary
and Secondary Schools, Mekin Sikoro Primary School, preschool Kassé Keita. 100 trashes have been distributed to the schools. 75 will
be posted in communities surrounding the demonstration schools.
 Implementation of the HVWSHE has been carried out in the pilot schools since March 2007.
 The community component of the project is now beginning
Partnership with CREPA Mali
 A cooperation Agreement is expected to take off in early 2008 with CREPA Mali to identify, organise and train small scale water vendors
(VEQAD) and to promote access of the poor to potable water and sanitation within the Djicoroni Para district of Bamako by developing a
community managed Small Bore Sewerage System (SBSS). Under the arrangement, CREPA will also undertake activities to protect the
intake of the raw water source of the Water Company.
 In collaboration with the CREPA Headquarters, they will also participate in information exchange and the final documentation of case
studies. This will include updating relevant WATSAN MDG indicators in collaboration with the National authorities and
disseminating/promoting the information for policy decision making;
 Other activities to be undertaken include: (a) technical support to the HVWSHE component: (b) contribution to the elaboration of training
materials and support for training activities ; (c) construction and availability of water and sanitation facilities in targeted schools;
Partnership with the Regional Directorate for Water and Energy
 Cooperation agreements are being developing with Bamako District (DRHE-DB) and the National Department of Sanitation (DNACPN)
to supervise water and sanitation activities under other cooperation agreements such as WaterAid and CREPA. They will also assist with
fund-raising and building likages between UN-HABITAT and the bi-lateral and multilateral donors for Mali.
Gender
 A seminar to introduce gender equity tools and approaches in the WAC programme activities was in June 2007. A gender mainstreaming
action plan was developed after the seminar and have been integrated into all planned and ongoing activities.
Nigeria (Jos City)
 The stakeholders involved in the Nigeria (Jos City) WAC II programme are: The Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources,
who monitors and oversees the overall activities of the project; The Plateau State Government who provide the bulk of the counterpart
36
funds; Plateau State water Board, Who is the coordinating agency (among the implementing agencies) and responsible for the
development and implementation of water demand management strategy, Urban water catchment management, advocacy and gender
mainstreaming; WaterAid (Nigeria Ltd), responsible for promotion of pro-poor participatory governance mechanisms at the community
level; Plateau State Environmental protection and sanitation Agency, responsible for promoting environmental sanitation for the urban
poor; Department of planning, research and statistics of the ministry of education, responsible for promoting behavioral change through
Human Values in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education; and the communities of Longwa and Gwaarandok who are the beneficiaries
and who have been mobilized to fully participate in the projects and to provide labour and the land space for the WATSAN facilities.
 The Steering Committee (SC) chaired by a representative of the Plteau State Government meets regularly to give direction to the
programme activities. The status of implementation of the programme components as at the end of 2007 is as follows:
Cooperation Agreement with WaterAid Nigeria Ltd:
Socio economic baseline of Longwa and Gwarandok I Jos South Local Development Planning
 The survey was achieved using the LMDGI framework approach to contributing to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals
and empowering local government authorities to plan to address the MDGs. The plan which leads to the development and ultimately
marketing of the plan for resource mobilization is an 8 step process, which began with sensitization at local government level, then a data
gathering process using amongst other tools the GIS technology to empirically locate watsan facilities within the local government. An
analysis of data collected was then carried out and draft maps, along with draft report of the processes so far where presented to the
stakeholder to validate in a restitution meeting.
 A committee of made up of community members, representatives from the local government and other stakeholders has been set up to
assess the gaps that exist in terms of what is required to meet the MDGs given what is available in the local governments as presented in
the maps and reports and validated by stakeholders. The gaps will inform a local plan which then is marketed to all interested groups
starting with governments, for the purposes of mobilizing resources to address the existing gaps to attain the MDG targets by 2015. The
benefits of this process is that it guarantees at the local government level equitable and systematic delivery of WASH services which will
benefit all concerned, and also serves as an accountability instrument at the levels of the citizens, budgets and investments at the local
government levels can also be monitored and evaluated against the plans
 The analysis of the LDP data is showing trends that have implications for the effective delivery of the WAC II programme in Jos
particularly with regards to the Water supply component of the programme. The LDPs have been disseminated in a forum that involved
key the communities, government functionaries.
 For the specific benefit of the beneficiary communities of Longwa and Gwarandok, further detailed baseline information on WASH and
KAP was carried out using tailor made tools to gather as much relevant information as possible about the two communities. This exercise
was jointly carried out by community members with external support from WaterAid and partners, but as much as possible the
community members were involved in the data gathering and interpretation.4fhe analysis of the data collected is ongoing and will be
presented in next report.(See appendix 1 for summary of baseline study in Longwa and Gwarandok)
37
Community Mobilisation and Formation and Strengthening of Management Structures.
 For the purposes of ownership and sustainability and more so for the value of working within existing community structures and
institutions, the approach in community mobilization has largely been through the Community Development Associations (CDA) of both
beneficiary communities of Longwa and Gwarandok.
 Organizational Capacity Assessments (OCA) of both Development Associations has been completed and capacity assessments plans are
now being finalized. These assessments are to help determine what capacity supports the CDA will require to be able to function and
implement in sustainable manners WASH programmes within their communities. The objective is to strengthen the institutions on ground
in such manner as they act as umbrella bodies managing the total development programme of the community. So far from the
assessments, the CDAs will require support in the areas of systems and procedures, registration to act as cooperate entities with rights to
sue and be sued, restructuring internally to allow thematic sub committees understand their roles and responsibilities clearly and of course
trainings to be able to understand and manage integrated WASH programmes.
Hygiene Promotion in Schools.
 Thus far the benefiting schools under the WAC II programme are the LGEA Primary school in Longwa and the Greater Tomorrow
Primary school in Gwarandok. They have been sensitised and made aware of the hygiene promotion component of the WAC programme
and how their schools will participate and benefit from it. The sensitisation exercise was carried out with support and participation of a
Nigerian movie star, Desmond Elliot, who is a campaigner for water and sanitation in the country. Desmond visited the Schools where he
met with children and had interactive sessions and photograph sessions with the children while promoting hygiene education and the
benefits of a hygienic lifestyle as well as the need to conserve water.
 Implementation of activities for the follow up on HVWSHE and the sanitation components could not start due to the delays in concluding
agreements with the DPRS of ministry of education and PEPSA and the disbursement of the initial payment for activities to begin.
Cooperation Agreement with the Plateau State Water Board
Water Demand Management Strategy development and implementation for the Baord
 A draft final report for the WDM strategy development for the Plateau State Water Board is nearing completion (This was delayed due to
a strike action embarked upon by the Plateau State Government workers for a period of six weeks in the course of the year).
Extension of Water Supplies to Longwa and Gwarandoc Communities
Engineering Survey and Design of Pipeline Extension to extend water supplies to the Longwa & Gwarandok Communities has been
completed and tendering is ongoing for the construction activities to begin.
Awareness Creation
 Awareness creation using various media (including radio and TV Jingles) is being undertaken in collaboration with the Plateau State
Radio Television Corporation (PRTVC), and has been ongoing since April 2007.
38
 A consumer attitudes survey, and the development of of a Public Awareness Strategy (including the development of Campaign
Promotion Materials) is ongoing and will be concluded in the 2 nd quarter of 2008 for implementation to take off..
 On the 22nd March, 2007, when the World Water Day was being celebrated, the first part of the public awareness campaign on water
usage, conservation, hygiene handling of water and proper sanitation was launched, the campaign was jointly organized by the Plateau
State Ministry of Water Resources and Rural Development, UN-HABITAT WAC II Jos City Programme and WaterAid as the
coordinator for that day’s activities.. Activities on the day consisted of: Water walk from Old Airport Junction to the Governor’s Office,
(about 5km distance); ommissioner of MWRRD Press Briefing at the WAC II Implementation office; and Water Advocacy Dinner.
Gender Seminar
 Towards the end of May and early June, 2007, gender seminar was held in Jos. The participants were drawn from the focal points of
Implementing Agencies, Local Governments, benefiting Communities, HPM (Nigeria), and PRTVC. Efforts was made to mainstream
gender into the CAs and a GWA will further assist in that direction. to ensure that all the four C.As have gender aspects main streamed in
them.
Senegal
Extension of access to sanitation for the poor populations of Ngor, Yoff and Ouakam with the Senegalese National Office of Sanitation
(ONAS)
 ONAS has entered into an agreement with UN-HABITAT to undertake activities aimed at institutional strengthening, solid and liquid
waste management and the extension of an ongoing world bank small bore sewerage scheme project to improve the existing sanitation
systems for the poor in select peri-urban neighbourhoods of Dakar.
 Training for the three municipal entities and the local CBOs took place in October 2007 to harmonise the visions and implementation
plans.
 A consultant is currently developing the design for the small bore Sewerage network extension, the drainage channel rehabilitation, the
solid waste management scheme and the public toilet.
CA with DPIC
 Public awareness campaigns on the social, economic and environmental dimension of water and sanitation are being undertaken through
a cooperation agreement with DPIC. A consultant has been recruited to prepare a situation analysis of the water, sanitation and hygiene
status of the Ngor, Ouakam, Yoff and lake of Guiers areas.
 In collaboration with CREPA Senegal, a study has been conducted and new building infrastructure under the Sanitation Infrastructure
Reinforcement Project in villages surrounding Lake de Guiers. A protocol has been signed with a financial institution to facilitate access
to sanitation infrastructure by the urban poor in the Lake area.
Urban water catchment management
 A cooperation Agreement was signed with The Department of Water Resources Management and Planning (DGPRE) in October and
activities launched in December 2007 to develop and put into place a water quality monitoring programme for Lac de Guiers. Activity
39
planning is now underway.
Human Values in Water Sanitation and Hygiene Education
Two main types of activities are being carried out under this agreement with the Department of Elementary Education (DEE): rehabilitating
and building infrastructure facilities in schools and training on values-based education tools in curricula; experiences are being conducted in
Pilots schools (IDEN, DEE, Grand Dakar 1, Dakar Banlieue and Thiaroye). In the 2007 period, the following was carried out:
 6219 pupils and 134 teachers from 6 pilot schools are involved in the HVWSHE.
 existing educational material (curriculum) has been adapted to incorporate value-based water, sanitation and hygiene education with
existing cultural values in water, sanitation and hygiene education. This has been duly recognised and incorporated By the education
authorities
 Training of formal and non-formal educators to form a core of trainers in value-based water, sanitation and hygiene education has been
carried out
 Generic teaching guides were developed under the supervision of TAISSE (The African Institute of Sathya Sai Education) which has long
experience in teaching through Human values.
 training guides were also developed for the purpose of training local trainers with the aim of having a core team of persons who can easily
replicate values-based training through out the country.
 extra-curricular activities to facilitate and promote value-based education have been introduced.
 monitoring and evaluation tools have been put in place to allow inspectors and pedagogic advisors to monitor the progress and the
implementation process in schools
CA with Enda Eau Populaire
 Under this initiative to improve access conditions to potable water and sanitation in Malika and Keur Massar, Dakar-Senegal, the 2007
period saw the development of terms of reference for the advocacy and awareness-building activities in Malika et Keur Massa; and the
completion of the bid document for the building of sanitation infrastructures in Malika and Keur Massar.
Gender
 A seminar to introduce gender equity tools and approaches in the WAC programme activities was conducted in Dakar from 14 to 15 June
2007. The seminar resulted in the development of an action plan for mainstreaming gender within the component cooperation agreements
of the Senegal programme, complete with specific measures for duly integrating gender concerns into ongoing activities.
Ethiopia
 A partnership was formed with the Chemistry Department of Addis Ababa University, through the Environmental Protection Authority of
the city, to conduct an assessment of the content of heavy metals in the drinking water.
40
 There was interaction with the AfDB office of Ethiopia on the areas of collaboration with respect to Harar Water Supply and Sanitation
project. Further assessment of areas of collaboration is being worked out by Harar Water Supply and Sewerage Authority and Harar
Water Supply and Sanitation project office.
 In collaboration with World Bank Institute of Ethiopia training on Non-Revenue Water was provided to the utility managers of the
different cities.
 Partnership was established with civil society organisations such as the Ethiopian Rainwater Harvesting Association and successfully
implemented seven rainwater harvesting schemes in demonstration sites in Addis Ababa, Harar and Dire Dawa. Based on the success of
this partnership, a further cooperation agreement has been finalized with ERHA and is envisaged to commence in the second quarter of
2008.
 The public awareness programme so far conducted has aroused other NGOs to be part of the initiative and UN-Habitat WAC II Ethiopia
is participating in an urban environment and bio-economy learning platform established by a number of government and non-government
organizations
Water Demand Management
 A total of eight (seven in Dire Dawa and one in Harar) Public Water Points constructed for the targeted poor communities. These public
water points are serving an estimated number of 5,000 people at the moment. Community members particularly women have been
organized and empowered to manage and operate facilities.
 As part of the demonstration activities seven rainwater harvesting schemes have been constructed in the three participating cities. These
schemes are located in the schools selected for demonstration of value based water and community centers.
Sanitation for the Urban Poor
 In all the three participating cities public toilets (one per city) have been constructed. These facilities are providing services for the urban
poor that are targeted through the programme.
 Apart from the public toilet complexes, providing mobile toilets to the residents have been seen as an alternative to safeguard the
sanitation of the poor communities that are living in highly congested parts of the cities. Accordingly, six mobile toilets (four for Dire
Dawa and two for Harar) have been constructed through the support of the programme and are giving services in the congested parts of
the cities including open market places.
Awareness Raising and Water & Sanitation Education
 Awareness and sensitization of the community about the objectives of the programme was carried out
 Consultation of the community members on their priority needs with respect to water and sanitation services,
 Community Development Committees and local community officials were briefed about the WAC-II program.
 Sensitization of policy decision makers was carried out at federal, regional governments as well as city levels.
 Baseline survey of the pilot schools completed and reports produced
41
 Awareness creation on water and sanitation is going on in the schools through the Water and Sanitation clubs.
 As part of integrating water and sanitation values in the curriculum, syllabus development in science subjects is in progress
 Working team composed of members from the concerned units within the bureaus of education established
 Training of Trainers (TOT) conducted.
 Trainers (TOT) on Human Value in Water Sanitation and Hygiene Education (HVWSHE) was given for participants selected from the
three cities for 12 consecutive days in Addis Ababa.
 A total of 126 people drawn from the Bureau of Education, Sub-City Educational Departments, Pilot Schools and Community were
sensitized on HVWSHE programme and reports produced.
 Water and Sanitation Clubs have been established in the model schools.
 Establishment of Water Class Room in one of the pilot schools is in progress (Harar)
 Awareness raising on HVWSHE programme carried out through the Educational Radio programmes
Other Activities
 WAC II Ethiopia implementing partners actively participated in the World Habitat Day (WHD) that was celebrated in Ethiopia from
September 28 to October 2, 2006 and disseminated widely the objectives and activities of the programme
 WAC II Ethiopia participated in WASH exhibition at the European Union Water Initiative (EUWI) Multi Stakeholders Forum that was
held in Addis Ababa from the 11th to 13th October,2006.
Gender
 Gender mainstreaming was taken as one of the critical conditions in the development of the programme of the participating cities.
Through partnership with GWA, rapid gender assessment was conducted in the cities. Gender validation workshops were carried out. Due
attention was given to gender particularly in the design of water and sanitation facilities.
Mozambique
Cooperation Agreement with the Municipality of Maputo
Initiated in 2006 for an Integrated WATSAN project in the Mafalala slums of Maputo (22,000 inhabitants), the Mafalala project is to provide
public water points, improve sanitation, maintain good drainage conditions, set up an effective waste management within the neighbourhood,
as well as to deliver related capacity building. These activities are being undertaken in collaboration with ROAAS and are complementing
on-going interventions under a World Bank financed project by the Municipality on the main drainage system and road network. The
following have been undertaken
 Following on a review of the water supply component during 2007 with FIPAG and Aguas de Mozambique (AdeM), a cooperation
agreement has been concluded with FIPAG to implement the water supply component activities.
 The beneficiaries of the sanitation facilities to be constructed have been identified, mapping is complete and procurement for contractors
42
is currently taking place. Specialized ToT will take place as soon as the implementation activities are completed
MOU with the Minister of Public Works and Housing
An MOU was signed in August 2007 to implement a mutli-faceted project in peri-urban areas of Beira and Dondo
 A validation and launching workshop was organised in Beira with all stakeholders on 8 and 9 October 2007. The objective of the event
was to delineate the implementation strategy of the initiative in a participatory manner.
 Recruitment of the Project Officer to be stationed in DPOPH-Sofala in Beira is on-going. Vacancy announcement already published and
potential candidates have already submitted their CVs. Final selection will take place in few days.
 Administrative and Financial Assistant recruited and already operational.
 Procurement of project equipment on-going.
The following CAs are being developed to implement the WAC II components under the MOU:
 the National Directorate for Water Affairs (DNA), Ministry of Public Works ad Housing -A cooperation agreement is in formulation with
the DNA to develop pro-poor participatory planning and management methodologies for slum areas and to integrate them into National
Strategic Plans for Urban Water Supply and Urban Sanitation. DNA shall also build the capacity of relevant governmental institutions
and national entities to developing a pro-poor participatory planning and management toolkit.
 The Water Supply Assets Investment Fund (FIPAG)- A CA is currently being formulated with FIPAG to oversee the participatory
planning and implementation of activities in informal settlements of Beira and Dondo, including coordinating the capacity building of
beneficiaries, municipalities and NGOs to manage the new WATSAN infrastructure and services, and carrying out awareness-raising
campaigns.
 The National Water Supply Regulator (CRA)- A CA with CRA is currently under formulation for identifying decentralisation strategies
for monitoring and evaluation of water supply services, and implementing pilot experiences in Beira and Dondo.
 The City Councils of Beira and Dondo - In addition to their fundamental institutional role at the city level for undertaking decision at
each implementation stage, two specific AoCs will be signed (one with each municipality) for carrying out the sanitation component
within the implementation of WATSAN interventions in Beira and Dondo.
 Targeted communities living in the selected slum areas of Beira and Dondo - These communities will be actively involved from decisionmaking, planning, up to the physical implementation of WATSAN priority interventions, in order to obtain a comprehensive participatory
approach during the project.
Kenya
Integrated WATSAN in Kibera (Soweto East)
The integrated WATSAN project in Soweto East (population of 60,000) within the Kibera slums of Nairobi is being carried out in
collaboration with KENSUP. A cooperation agreement has been entered into with Maji Na Ufanisi to undertake the component interventions.
43
In 2007 the programme has achieved the following:
 A stakeholders’ workshop has been held and coordinating/governance structures formed under SEC and FMGs linked to KENSUP
secretariat in the Ministry of Housing the Government of Kenya (GoK).
 An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been conducted and its report approved by UN-Habitat and the national environmental
management authority (NEMA).
 Management committees (FMGs) have been formed for the installed facilities
 Designs have been approved and construction completed for 8 sanitation blocks (seven sewered and one pit) distributed equally within
the four zones of Soweto east village
 500 metres of storm water drainage network have been installed
 2.5 km access road in the settlement has been designed and surveyed. The designed got official approval from the government of Kenya,
and is currently under construction
 Solid waste management transfer points have been identified and fenced, and a SWM group formed
 four cooperatives have been formed and registerd for each zone.
 the water distribution network linked to all the constructed sanitation facilities has been improved.
Kisumu City
 As part of the Lake Victoria South Water Services Board Kisumu Water Supply & Sanitation Project Short Term Action Plan aimed at
rehabilitating the existing water and sewerage infrastructure and funded by Agence de Development Francaise (AFD), a WAC
programme was initiated in 2007 to complement the ongoing rehabilitation works.
 The interventions are expected to focus on a study and adoption of models and best practices on: i) pro-poor urban WATSAN
governance; ii) water demand management; iii) M & E and knowledge sharing. Interventions will include:
o Production of appropriate spatial mapping tools for the management of the water supply system in Kisumu
o Development of strategies to introduce demand responsive and demand management strategies (including institutional, legal,
physical and awareness creation instruments) in order to improve efficiency and equity in the use of water supplies in Kisumu
o Implementation of the water demand management strategy including tools for the necessary water audits.
o Capacity needs assessment for both KIWASCO and LVSWSB, and development of a programme for the capacity building of
personnel of the two institutions
Partnership with the African Development Bank
 Under the AfDB US$ 55.31 million, and a grant of US$ 16.5 million UA for the financing of the Water Services Boards Support Project
in Kenya to address the capacity problems of three water services boards as well as of water service providers The WAC programme is
44
collaborating on the following:
Scale up Kibera Integrated WATSAN Project
 Under this component support to the Athi Water Services Board, UN-HABITAT undertook a preinvestment study for the African
Development Bank for the Kibera component for the upscaling of the Kibera Integrated WATSAN project. UNhabitat will contribute $
0.5m while the AFDB contributes $2m for the implementation of this component under the overall support to the Athi Water Services
Board.
Sanitation and Hygiene Diagnostic Study in the LVWSB Area of Jurisdiction (comprising 23 towns).
The study will produce the following outputs for implementation under the LVWSB component of the project:
 provide a database of appropriate technical solutions and a strategy to improve sanitation (including health/hygiene promotion principles)
in the LVSWSB area of jurisdiction, taking into account institutional strengths and weaknesses, as well as environmental considerations
(including the protection of the Lake Victoria)
 establish rational governance options and approaches to the provision of either on-site sanitation or water borne sewerage in the area
(including community empowerment to voice their preferences) to guide sustainable local action to improve on services at all levels.
Rwanda
An MOU was signed with the Government of Rwanda in 2007, and preparatory activities have since been been advanced and the ground
implementation of activities are due to begin in early 2008 in the following areas:
 :Upgrading the existing WATSAN facilities in the low income community of Umdugudu, and Mobilising and strengthening the
community to manage the improved facilities, in close collaboration with the municipality of Masaka, Kigali..
 Training of small scale water vendors and different water supply alternatives mechanisms will be developed for official endorsement by
national institution,
 A water demand management strategy will be developed and implemented in collaboration with the Ministry in charge of water and
Sanitation (MINITERE) and the Water and Electricity Utility (ELECTROGAZ).
 An Environment Impact Assessment will also be carried out to develop mitigating strategies to reduce the level of pollution in the run off
from the catchments of Kigali city. Subsequent pilot demonstration activities will take place as to demonstrate how some of the negative
impacts can be overcome through.
 School children in select schools and communities around the schools in the Masaka district are to be targeted with the implementation of
a Human Values in Water Sanitation and Hygiene Education towards effecting a change of attitude to water, sanitation and hygiene
related issues. Formal and non formal sectors are targeted in demonstrated schools of Masaka district and in the surrounding
communities.
 Information sharing, partnerships, advocacy and political will raising at local and regional level will also be promoted so to attract
investors in the WATSAN sector.
Comments on Variance
Between Expected and
Overall the variance on outputs and tangible progress towards outcomes have been been principally related to the timing of results due to
45
Achieved Results
inadequately anticipated obstacles, but have not affected the quality of the output. The following were responsible for delays:



Creating and enhancing existing partnerships through Cooperation Agreements with the implementing agencies in the participating
countries has generally been strengthened and created a sense of ownership of the programme which is essential for its success and
sustainability. However, the lengthy administrative procedures on both partners/UN-HABITAT in finalizing the MOUs and cooperation
agreements have caused delays in project initiation in participating countries.
In some countries, the engagement of staff of implementing partners in other nation wide programmes resulted in delays (e.g. In Ethiopia
teachers were occupied in the nation-wide population and housing census and national examination preparations, while in Ghana,
teachers were involved in a National Education Reform Programme). Hence, project implementation of the VBWSHE at the envisaged
time was delayed.
Some implementing partners do not provide adequate attention to reporting and there is need for improved communication between
implementing partners in the field and UN-HABITAT. This has sometimes meant that obstacles in the field have not been noted and met
with timely intervention from headquarter staff.
Limited experience and technical capacity of local contractors in some cities (e.g. Harar and Dire Dawa) limited the availability of
contractors and has sometimes been a setback in achieving timely outputs.
High turnover and mobility of staff including top level management allocated to the programme coupled with frequent restructuring
within the organizations of the implementing partners (e.g. Accra, Jos and Harar) has generally slowed down progress.
Local officials’ inability to avail resources in a timely manner (e.g. land for construction and useful data and information)
Delays on the side of the national level institutions in the process of establishment of project steering committees as well as late
submission of financial statements and progress reports on project activities by the partners on ground at times causes slow decision
making on UN-HABITAT’s side.
Price escalation of construction materials, which often results in budget shortfall to execute activities as initially planned.
Strike action in some locations (plateau State government employees for a period of 6 weeks)

The political situation in some countries such as Cote D’Ivoire






46

Expected Results (Outputs)
As per 2007 Work plan
Output Indicators Used
Beneficiaries
Output 300.1 (4):
WATSAN sector stakeholders trained and enabled to develop, provide and manage improved WATSAN services
 Extent of improvement in municipal governments and water and sanitation utilities ability to develop and manage services

Ministers, advisors and policy makers.

WATSAN sector utility managers and sector professionals

WATSAN Institutions and other WATSAN service providers including SSISPs.

Decision makers in local authorities.

Women and children

Under and un-served users.

National urban communities.

Schools, parents, communities.
Water for Asian Cities Programme – Regional Programmes
Gender Mainstreaming

Based on the Rapid Gender Assessment, the Gender Mainstreaming Strategy & Action plan for the four cities has been
developed. This emphasizes on time bound programme for 100 % sanitation coverage and water supply for the people of
the cities and empowerment of women through establishment of women SHGs (Self Help Groups), their capacity
development, transfer of responsibility to them for construction and O & M of community assets, connect them to micro
financing system, establishment of gender sensitive budgets and gender focal points at local level.

The Gender Mainstreaming Strategy & Action plan has been adopted by the Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP) to
facilitate Women’s Participation in the Water & Sanitation service delivery sector. The GoMP has created Gender Budget
for the related Government Departments.

All the executed projects are analyzed and provisioned for gender and social inclusion mainstreaming with representation
of women, excluded groups, various age groups.

Methodologies for mapping the poor, gender assessment tool has been well utilized in all project areas prior to project
implementation so that female and socially excluded groups will be represented in all decision making processes at
community level.

Partnership with Government / Department of Urban Development & Building Construction conducting poverty mapping,
gender assessment and need identification for the poor communities of 10 municipalities have been initiated to
complement urban environment improvement programme.

Professionals from three partner organizations both government, municipality and NGO were trained during International
TOT on Gender Mainstreaming by Gender Water Alliance in India. They are acting as a lead trainer and resource person
on gender issues in the programme areas.
47

A Gender Rapid Assessment and Gender Mainstreaming strategy for Xieng Ngeun, Sayabouly and Phine towns will be
developed under the cooperation agreement with the Gender Resource Information and Development Center (GRID)
under the aegis of Lao Women’s Union. A consultation workshop with the stakeholders was organised in 2007.
Training and Capacity Building

Workshop on Pro-poor Governance in Nairobi: During the 21st Session of the Governing Council Meeting in Nairobi,
UN-HABITAT organized a Workshop on “Innovations in Pro-poor Water and Sanitation Governance in Madhya Pradesh,
India” on 17 April 2007 under the Water for Asian Cities Programme with the key objective of sharing experiences in
developing new approaches in pro-poor water and sanitation governance in pursuance of the Millennium Development
Goals and to present some of the successful best practices for replication by others.

Regional Media Workshop in Singapore: A Regional Media Workshop on Urban Water and Sanitation Issues in Asia and
the Pacific jointly organized by UN-HABITAT and IRC, the Netherlands in Singapore from 12-14 July 2007 with the
objective to create awareness among the Media Professionals regarding the current situation of water and sanitation in
various countries of Asia and advocacy to promote sector reforms for the urban poor and encourage pro-poor investments
in water and sanitation to support Millennium Development Goals.

The 6th Minister’s Forum on infrastructure development in the Asian-Pacific Region and the second international
conference for China urban water development was held in Beijing on 28-29 August 2007. Countries from Asian-Pacific
Region and international organizations attended the conference. UN-HABITAT was invited as a major international
organization. UN-HABITAT as one of main supporters attended the event, and presentation on water conservation and
demand management, as well as water supply and sanitation in small settlements were made from its side. The ministers
attended the roundtable meeting further discussed the water related financing and investment issues and adopted the
declaration. UN-HABITAT made contributions during the drafting of the declaration.

Regional Workshop on Monitoring of Investment and Results of Water Resources Management in Kuala Lumpur: The
workshop organized during the Third South-East Asia Forum from 22-24 October 2007 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia where
UN-HABITAT had co-organized a Session on “Monitoring of Investment and Results of Development of Water Supply
and Sanitation” on 23 October 2007.

China Real Estate Top 200 Conference in Beijing: UN-HABITAT participated in the China Real Estate conference
organized in Bejing on 28-29 October 2007. During the conference, China Top 200 Real Estate Corporation was launched
in Diao Yu Tai State Quest House, Beijing on 28 October 2007.

International Seminar on Sanitation 2007 on Delivering Our Vision: Sanitation for All (15 to 16 November) and KLRTC
Training Course XII on Sanitation (18 to 21 November) were organized by Regional Network of Local Authorities for the
Management of Human Settlements (CITYNET), Japan in support of UN HABITAT, Asian Development Bank, UNITAR
and Makati City, in Manila, Philippines. Development of Sanitation Data Book of selected Cities of Asia and Pacific was
another major objective of this seminar and training programme. The idea on the production of a Sanitation Data Book for
Asian Cities was to improve sanitation standards in the Asia-Pacific region and further promote the realization of MDGs
by local governments.
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
Capacity Building Workshop for Journalists in Tehran: An International Workshop on Capacity Development for Water
Journalists was organised by UN-HABITAT in cooperation with the United Nations University UNW-DPC (Bonn,
Germany), and the Regional Centre for Urban Water Management (under the auspices of UNESCO) in Tehran from 26-28
November 2007. This workshop was the third regional capacity building workshop to help form a regional media network
in Asia.

International Seminar on Sustainable Urban Catchment Management in China: A three days international seminar on
sustainable urban catchment management was organized by UN-HABITAT in partnership with Nanjing University in
Nanjing, China from 29th November to 1st December 2007. The key objectives of the seminar were to explore the right
approaches, policies, regulations on urban catchment management and to exchange the experience on urban catchment
management.

UN-HABITAT Session during the First Asia-Pacific Water Summit in Japan: UN-HABITAT in partnership with Streams
of Knowledge, Manila organized a Session on “Increasing Capacity for Local Actions” on 4th December 2007 during the
1st Asia-Pacific Water Summit in Beppu, Japan. The Session was organized in support of Key Results Area (KRA-II). The
focus of the Session was on capacity development of local authorities, utilities and communities with the purpose of
providing people with knowledge to assist them in making informed choices through development of appropriate
technology, training modules, resources databases, conducting action research and making policy recommendations. UNHABITAT and ADB jointly launched a publication on “Local Actions for Sustainable Development on Water and
Sanitation in Asia-Pacific Region” during the Press Conference on 4th December 2007 at the Asia-Pacific Water Summit
in Japan.
Human Values-based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education

HVWSHE classrooms have been established in 4 cities of Madhya Pradesh and in Savarkundla, Gujarat to promote
Human Value Based Water Sanitation & Hygiene Education in schools. For facilitating HVWSHE, training of resource
teachers and orientation workshops for teachers of other schools of all the 4 cities were organised. Exposure of students of
about 100 schools in each city to WATSAN classrooms for various activities on HVWSHE was conducted. The
continuous activity of the students of other schools will continue in 2008. Government of Madhya Pradesh is
implementing a strategy for promoting HVWSHE in other schools of the cities through a decentralized programme. There
is perceptible change in knowledge & behaviour of the students. Another programme on rain water harvesting and
promotion of HVWSHE covering more number of schools in the project cities of Madhya Pradesh has initiated in 2007.
The Coca Cola India has proposed to replicate HVWSHE classrooms in other parts of the country.

HVWSHE has been promoted through demonstration of good behaviors in using water and sanitation facilities.

Water classrooms have been established in Nanjing. Training materials and programmes were developed to promote
Human Values Based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education and public awareness on the issue.

A CA on Human Values Based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education signed in Kunming with Kunming
Environmental Protection Bureau (KEPB) .

Jinghong and Simao cities in China are establishing a water classroom.
49

A Cooperation Agreement has been signed between UN-HABITAT and Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) to implement the
Human Values-based Approach to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education for Schools in Vientiane.

Among other activities to be undertaken under this project, resource materials for curriculum will be developed, training
will be conducted for teachers and 1 water class room and 1 mobile water classroom will be established to demonstrate
HVWSHE in selected schools.

In addition to that, one water classroom will be established each in Sayabouly and Phine Districts under the MEKWATSAN community-based water and sanitation projects in the respective districts as pilot demonstration of HVWSHE.

A Human Values-based Approach to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education for Schools project has been designed to be
implemented by Cooperation for a Sustainable Cambodian Society (CSCS).

Under this project, cooperation with the Royal University of Phnom Penh will be established to demonstrate HVWSHE
within the University’s Environmental department and to establish a pilot demonstration project on rainwater harvesting.

A partnership has been developed with a national NGO and Ministry of Education for piloting and sensitizing HVWSHE
at National Level. It will be carrying out through implementation HVWSHE at 10 schools and will be demonstrated to
integrate it in national curricula.

A water institute has been built in cooperation with the Society for Preservation of Water (SPW). This institute will serve
as a regional resource centre for human values based water, sanitation and hygiene education and will be involved in
training educators and policy makers.

Work is progressing well in South-East Asian countries with the Ministries of Education. WATSAN assessment protocol
has been developed, and workshops in Manila, Philippines, and Penang, Malaysia, involving the educators were
conducted. A resource package on HVWSHE was developed in 2007.

Individual and facilitators Guidebooks on Human Values and Ethics on the Workplace have been prepared in cooperation
with Global Dharma Centre (GDC) which have been printed this year.

During the reporting period the following new initiatives on HVWSHE have been undertaken for which various
cooperation agreements have been finalized:

Kunming Environmental Protection Bureau (KEPB) on HVWSHE

Ministry of Education (MoE) on HVWSHE

Norwegian Church Aid (NCA) on HVWSHE

Additional CA with SEAMEO on Human Values-based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education (HVWSHE) has been
planned

ECCA Human Values-based Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Education in Nepal

Cooperation for a Sustainable Cambodian Society (CSCS) on HVWSHE

Water Works Technical Training Centre (WTTC) on HVWSHE
50
Advocacy, Awareness Raising and Information Exchange
Comments on Variance
Between Expected and
Achieved Results

UN-HABITAT together with Asian Development Bank organized a Seminar on “Integrated Slum Upgrading: Meeting the
water and sanitation needs of the poorest of the poor” during the World Water Week 2007 in Stockholm on 14 August
2007. The Seminar focused on big challenges that have to be faced to make water and sanitation a local agenda and shared
experience as to how sanitation coverage could be ensured through people’s participation.

Water for Asian Cities and MEK-WATSAN Programmes Exhibition in Stockholm: Water and Sanitation Section II of
WSIB, UN-HABITAT in cooperation with Asian Development Bank set-up an Exhibition during the World Water Week
2007 in Stockholm, Sweden. The Exhibition reflected various activities being implemented under WAC and MEKWATSAN Programmes.

Exhibition on WAC Programme: UN-HABITAT had put up an exhibition reflecting the activities of WAC programme in
Asian cities with emphasis on initiatives in Madhya Pradesh at the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly on the occasion
of launching of Legislatures Forum for Human Development (LFHD) on 29th March 2007.

Participation in World Toilet Summit: World Toilet Summit 2007 (WTS-2007) was organised by the Sulabh International
Social Service Organisation from 31st October to 3rd November 2007 at New Delhi. It was supported by various
Ministries of Government of India, viz. Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment, Ministry of Rural Development and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, and United Nations Human
Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) and Building Material and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC).

In India, the work on developing a public awareness, advocacy and information-sharing component, developing a gender
mainstreaming strategy for application at local levels and the HVWSHE has progressed very well.
Water for African Cities Programme – Regional Programmes
In order to assist improve the capacities of municipalities and utilities in the participating cities to better develop and manage
services, the regional component of the programme continued to focus specifically on four priorities in the areas of:
 Terms of Reference for a new Regional capacity building programme for WAC II has been drafted and a call for
proposals made to international capacity building institutes. This new call for design proposals takes into consideration
lessons learned from the first phase training programme and the broadened geographical and thematic scope of the second
phase. Regional training activities are expected to begin in early 2008.

From the lessons learned in WAC I, an advocacy and communications strategy has been prepared for the WAC II
programme and is being reviewed and improved upon by country partners. It envisages ways in which the key messages
of WAC II can be scaled out to a broader audience at city level and lessons learned from individual city programmes can
be shared between cities. The document also strategises on how to expose and involve high level political tier in adopting
lessons from WAC.

The Human Values in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education in Schools(VBWSHE) Programme is implemented in
about 14 cities of the WAC II programme, as well as in Niger, through cooperation with the ministries of education in the
participating countries, and is field tested in pilot schools. The curriculum is given by teachers having been trained in the
51
programme, and with the aid of teachers manuals developed for the programme by UNHABITAT. Baseline studies
facilitate subsequent monitoring and evaluation of the Programme.
Comments on Variance
Between Expected and
Achieved Results

As a follow up to the Rapid Gender Assessment in the 17 cities of the WAC Africa programme conducted in 2005,
Gender Validation workshops have been held in Yaoundé and Douala in Cameroun; Harar, Dire Dawa and Addis Ababa
in Ethiopia; Kigali, Rwanda; Bamako, Mali; Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso; Jos/Plateau estate Nigeria; Dakar Senegal;
Accra Ghana, Nairobi Kenya; Kampala , Uganda, and Dar es Salam Tanzania. The aim of these workshops was to
strengthen gender mainstreaming skills and inculcate a gender responsive culture in the water and sanitation sector among
the decision and policy makers, implementing partners, stakeholders and community representatives. Importantly, these
workshops aimed to integrate gender concerns in all the ongoing WAC II Programme activities on the ground in order to
ensure that the Programme contributes positively towards addressing the Millennium Development Goals. More than 300
people both women and men participated in these workshops from May to August 2007. Participants in the workshops
included representatives from the Ministries of water, Ministries of gender, Municipalities/local authorities, NGOs,
CBOs, and community representatives etc.

A third meeting of WAC City Managers and WAC field staff (Nairobi, 24-26 September 2007) served to benchmark
WAC II progress in the cities and identify barriers to and solutions for overcoming effective implementation. The
meeting also gathered input into the regional activities and the development of a 5-year Strategic Plan for the WSTF.

In its capacity as GWOPA chair, and under the auspices of the WAfC programme, UN-HABITAT has supported the
institution of a regional water operators’ partnership through a meeting of over 60 African utility managers in
Johannesburg in April 2007, and follow up meetings in Kampala. The African WOP has now been established in the
offices of Rand Water in Johannesburg, under the auspices of the African Water Association and the International Water
Association’s East and Southern African chapter, to facilitate exchange of knowledge, experience and tools between
African water utilities. The African WOP has begun with a region-wide self-assessment survey, and provides excellent
opportunity for synergy with the Water for African Cities’ Programme, particularly by providing a broader network
through which to exchange normative tools, and for collaboration on regional activities such as training and capacity
building.

The second phase of the regional training and capacity programme for WAC scheduled to begin in 2007 through
partnership with UNESCO-IHE was revisited in early 2007 in light of growing desire to employ competitive tendering
processes to achieve best value for money in programme delivery.
52
Expected Results (Outputs)
As per 2007 Workplan
Output Indicators Used
Output 300.2 (5):
WATSAN institutions in participating countries able to replicate local initiatives as a consequence of increased investment flows
and with the involvement of local communities
 Number of demonstration projects supported, scaled-up and evaluated.

Level of community satisfaction with new and innovative approaches to service provision for the urban poor.

Extent of scaling up of innovative approaches.

Extent of documentation and dissemination of lessons learnt.
Beneficiaries
Primary – community, especially the poor. Secondary – service providers, CBOs, NGOs, etc.
Programme Goals and
Objectives





Results Achieved and
Progress Made
Expedite pro-poor water and sanitation investments in secondary towns;
Enhance institutional and human resource capacities at local and regional levels to sustain water and sanitation services;
Operationalise upstream sector reforms at the local level;
Enhance capacities of local private sector entities in service delivery;
Reduce the adverse environmental impacts of urbanisation on local river catchments,;
 Support economic development in secondary towns through improved water and sanitation, and related income generating
activities; and Support cooperation between the countries of the Mekong region, and thus economic
Mekong Region Water and Sanitation Initiative (MEK-WATSAN)
LAO PDR
Partnership with the Government of Lao PDR is committed towards provision of adequate water supply and enhanced sanitation to
the urban populations of secondary/small towns of Lao PDR in line with the Government’s National Growth and Poverty
Eradication Strategy. UN-HABITAT intervention.
Build on the efforts of the government and seeks to build capacity of water utilities and district authorities in improving water
supply and sanitation in a sustainable way through participatory and innovative approaches.
The MEK-WATSAN programme in Lao PDR currently comprises of following three projects :
 Xieng Ngeun District, Luang Prabang Province


Sayabouly District, Sayabouly Province
Phine District, Savannakhet Province.
53
Outputs in 2007
1. Completed Community-based Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Xieng Ngeun with active community participation.
Following outputs have been achieved :




Access of safe water supply to 1,220 households (6,500 people) in 8 villages
Established revolving fund for household connection of poor
Prepared policy on Pro-Poor water connection and water tariff
Build capacity of water utility and water user’s for regular operation and maintenance of the system
2. On-going Community-based Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Sayabouly, Sayabouly Province with active
participation of the community. Following were the outputs :




75 % work has been completed that will access of safe water supply to 960 households (5,000 people) in 4 villages
Established revolving fund for household connection of poor
Prepared policy on Pro-Poor water connection and water tariff
Build capacity of water utility and water user’s for regular operation and maintenance of the system





3. Partnership has been established with Water Utility for Community-based Water Supply and Sanitation Project in
Phine, Savannakhet Province (PNPs):
This will provide water and sanitation facilities to about 1700 households (5,323 people) in 5 villages.
GIS Mapping for Phine town.
Established revolving fund for household connection of poor
Prepared policy on Pro-Poor water connection and water tariff
Build capacity of water utility and water user’s for regular operation and maintenance of the system
Cross Cutting Issues : Gender, Poverty, Environment, Rights-based Perspective for Water and Sanitation Governance
 Enhanced involvement, ownership and satisfaction of all stakeholders;
 Efficient project completion – on time,with in budget, with high quality;
 Enhanced sustainability of water and sanitation projects (with better cost recovery) through high stakeholder commitment;
 A new ethic of water use and management;
 High regard for the protection and use of natural resources;
 A fully integrated approach to water and sanitation management; and
 Long-term economic growth and poverty reduction.
Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Initiative (LVWATSAN)
Considerable progress has been achieved in the implementation of the Immediate Interventions in the first seven (7) towns: Kisii
and Homa Bay in Kenya, Nyendo/Ssenyange and Kyotera in Uganda, Bukoba and Muleba in Tanzania and the border town of
54
Mutukula. A total of 21 contracts to 15 Contractors have either been awarded or authorized in the 3 countries for an aggregate
amount of US$3.8 million. The immediate interventions, which will provide access to safe drinking water for an estimated 133,000
persons and improved sanitation to about 15,000 persons, are at various stages of implementation and should all be substantially
completed before August, 2008. Additional works totaling about $2.4 million are being designed with tendering/contracting to be
carried out in the coming months. In addition, two Cooperation Agreements (totaling about US$300,000) have been signed with
local NGOs to implement works in Uganda and Kenya. A country by country summary is given further below.
1. Organisational Framework Established

A Programme Management Structure has been set up to coordinate the implementation of LVWATSAN activities at the
regional, national, sub-national and town levels. At the regional level, a strong partnership has been established with the
Lake Victoria Commission of the East African Community and the Ministers responsible for water to provide regional
political oversight and policy guidance. At the national level, the Ministries of Water are responsible for coordinating
LVWATSAN activities through National Advisory Committees comprising representatives from the Ministry of Local
Government, Health, Environment and Housing. The Advisory committee is also responsible for liaison with other
relevant programmes, both internally and externally funded.

A Programme Management Unit (PMU) has been established at the sub-national level to coordinate the overall
implementation of LVWATSAN activities in the project towns. PMU membership is composed of regional water service
boards, water service providers, representatives of key Government ministries at the sub-national level, Town Clerks from
respective project towns and UN-HABITAT representatives. The Programme Management Unit is responsible for
procurement of goods and services in accordance with national procedures and guidelines. It also provides oversight and
monitors the activities of the town-level project management structures. At the town level, Project Implementation Units
(PIU) has been established to coordinate, supervise and monitor the implementation of LVWATSAN interventions. The
implementation units are chaired by the respective Town Clerks and reports to the management unit. Its members include
water service providers, local government technical officers, Public Health Officer, Environmental Officer, Community
Development Officer, among others. At the community level, Multi-Stakeholder Forums (MSF) composed of
representatives of community groups, local authorities, utilities and the local private sector have been set up in each project
town. The goal of the multi-stakeholder forums is to facilitate the participation of local stakeholders by creating a platform
where they can discuss and provide inputs to the project implementation unit on the implementation of LVWATSAN.

These organizational arrangements to ensure the effective implementation of the Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation
Initiative (LVWATSAN) put in place in 2006 turned out to be effective and satisfactory to all stakeholders.

At the UN-HABITAT Nairobi office the Chief Technical Advisor is the focal point for the coordination of the programme
and provides day-to-day supervision of implementation activities under the overall direction of the Programme Manager in
the WS&IB. He is supported by national officers in each of the participating countries and site engineers in each of the
towns. The UN-HABITAT staff is providing ongoing support and technical assistance to the Project Management Units
(PMUs) and the Project Implementation Units (PIUs) which have been established by the participating countries to manage
the implementation of the programme. In addition the Programme management arrangements are being supported by UN-
55
HABITAT through National Chief Technical Advisors in each country and Clerk of Works at the town level to monitor the
progress of the works on the ground. UN-HABITAT national staff now comprises 3 Chief Technical Advisors (1 in each
country) and 5 Clerk of Works (2 in Tanzania and Kenya each, and 1 in Uganda).
2.
Replicability

During 2007, a major step was taken to replicate the LVWATSAN Model. An MOU was concluded between UNHABITAT and the East African Community (EAC) to establish a framework of cooperation to replicate the Programme in
another 15 towns in 5 countries, in partnership with the African Development Bank. An investment proposal has been
submitted to the AfDB and the Bank has since prepared an Appraisal Report on the project formulation phase which is
under review. In the meantime, a mission to Rwanda and Burundi was undertaken to carry out a needs assessment and to
identify potential towns to be included in the Programme to be funded by the AFDB.
3.
Implementation activities

In Kenya, work on the immediate interventions is nearing completion. The Lake Victoria South Water Services Board
awarded four contracts for the first phase towns of Kisii and Homa Bay in January 2007. The scope of work for the
contracts included the supply of pipes, water meters, valves and fittings and solid waste handling equipment. It also
included supply, delivery and installation of pumps for Kisii and Homa Bay, installation of pipelines and meters,
rehabilitation of treatment works, construction of public water kiosks and construction of integrated sanitation facilities at
schools and public institutions. Pipes, fittings, pumps and related electrical equipment have been delivered and installed.
The construction and installation works for pipelines, water kiosks and sanitation facilities are now 95% completed in Kisii
and Homa Bay. Under a Cooperation Agreement with a local NGO (Health and Water Foundation), work has also started
on the rehabilitation of sanitation facilities, the construction of rainwater harvesting systems at schools, as well as
community based solid waste management systems in the low-income area of Nubian Village in Kisii Town. The works in
Kenya have already had concrete results in terms of the provision of safe water and sanitation to persons who were not
being served. An estimated 25,000 persons are already benefiting from improved water supply and 2,250 from improved
sanitation.
 Good progress has also been achieved in Tanzania. In Bukoba, 18 out of 26 water kiosks are now complete. The rest are
in their final stages. Three out of ten VIP latrines are almost finished. The rest are still under construction and are nearing
completion. At the Customs Intake, rehabilitation work to upgrade the intake is ongoing and pumps have been delivered,
installed and successfully tested. The immediate interventions in Bukoba are scheduled for completion in March 2008, and
will provide an improved water service to an estimated 30,000 persons and sanitation to about 2,000 persons. In Muleba,
a major water supply scheme has started, which consists of intake works at Ihako Springs, laying of an 11 km raw water
main to the town, construction of a storage reservoir and upgrading of the distribution system. In addition, the springs near
the town are being protected, an existing borehole is being developed, domestic water points and 16 public sanitation
facilities are being constructed. The public water points and sanitation facilities are now over 50% completed while
pumps, pipes and fittings have been ordered for the borehole development and distribution network installation works. A
large number of bulk and consumer water meters have been supplied in support of the training programme in water
demand management. An estimated number of 12,000 people will benefit from this scheme.
56
 In Uganda, activities on the immediate interventions in the towns of Kyotera and Nyendo (Masaka) are now picking up.
One of the key elements of the immediate intervention works is the construction of an improved water scheme to serve
Kyotera, a town of 12,000 persons, which has had a long history of water problems. Two boreholes have been
successfully drilled in the town with estimated yields of 20m3/hr and 10m3/hr respectively and tender documents have
been finalized for the installation of the pipeline to the town, with tenders expected to be invited in the next 2 weeks. In the
meantime, contracts are now being awarded for the construction of 6 sanitation facilities (comprising toilets and
bathrooms) at Orphanages, Schools and Public Buildings as well as the construction of an improved abattoir. In
Nyendo/Ssenyange (in the town of Masaka), contracts have been awarded for the construction of a total of 11 toilet
facilities at markets, schools and other public buildings. Pipes are being procured for the extension of the water system to a
number of poor communities in Nyendo. A pilot project to address the drinking water needs of Orphan-Headed
Households in Uganda was completed in December 2007 and is having an immediate impact in providing safe drinking
water to over 1,500 persons. In addition the project provided skills training to 1,560 persons and helped to set up 36 microcredit schemes which will facilitate a replication of the pilot project to other areas.
 In the border town of Mutukula, boreholes have been drilled on both the Tanzanian and Ugandan side of the border.
Tender documents for immediate interventions have been prepared. LVWATSAN assists the local planning authorities in
preparing a physical plan for the town and this is now being used to provide a spatial framework for the design of the town
water system.
4.
Capacity Building Activities
 Implementation of the Fast-track Capacity Building Programme for water utilities has started in five (5) towns: Kisii
and Homa Bay in Kenya, Bukoba and Muleba in Tanzania and the border town of Mutukula. The overall objective of the
fast track capacity building programme for utilities is to support the financial and operational sustainability of the capital
investments being provided under the LVWATSAN Initiative while laying the groundwork for a long term programme of
capacity building in utility management. The Utilities have already benefited from a high level training programme for
about 25 Senior Mangers and Board Members and are now receiving hands-on assistance in developing and implementing
performance improvement programmes in 4 key areas: water demand management, billing and revenue collection,
customer care and utility mapping. The capacity building programme has already started to improve utility performance in
the project towns, with a significant increase in revenues being reported by at least 3 of the participating utilities. A more
comprehensive programme of capacity building to address broader areas of governance local economic development and
gender issues, has been formulated and Cooperation Agreements with four International Partners are now being prepared.
 With respect to Gender Mainstreaming, LVWATSAN, in partnership with Gender and Water Alliance, a Netherlandsbased NGO, has carried out a Rapid Gender and Vulnerable Group Assessment in September and October 2007 in 7 towns
namely Kisii and Homa Bay in Kenya, Bukoba and Muleba and Mutukula in Tanzania, and Nyendo-Ssenyange, Kyotera
and Mutukula in Uganda. . After this rapid assessment a regional validation and planning gender mainstreaming workshop
for the 7 towns will be organized to develop a regional gender mainstreaming strategy and action plan for LVWATSAN.
This regional strategy and action plan will facilitate the integration of gender and vulnerable group issues in the design and
implementation of the long-term interventions.
57
 Formulation of a broader and more comprehensive capacity building programme is also ongoing. In Partnership with four
international organizations UN-HABITAT has formulated and prepared implementation of the programme. The four
partners are SNV, UNESCO-IHE, Federation of Canadian Municipalities and Gender Water Alliance. They have jointly
developed a framework for a multi-layered capacity building programme covering utility management, pro-poor water
governance, urban catchment management, local economic development and gender mainstreaming, with the inclusion of
vulnerable groups.
5.
Urban Inequities Survey
 The Monitoring Systems Branch and the Water, Sanitation and Infrastructure Branch, in collaboration with the National
Statistical Offices, have completed the implementation of Urban Inequities Survey in 17 secondary urban centres in
Kenya (Migori, Kisii, Homa Bay, Siaya, and Bondo), Uganda (Ggaba, Mukono, Bugembe, Masaka, Kyotera, and
Mutukula), and Tanzania (Mutukula, Bukoba, Muleba, Geita, Sengerema, Bunda, and Musoma) as part of LVWATSAN.
For each urban centre, information is available to monitor Target 10- water and sanitation as well as Target 11 – slum
upgrading. This information addresses different components of improved sanitation adequate water, such as sufficiency,
safety and acceptability, affordability and physical accessibility and integrates comprehensively a gender component.
With the component of GIS and a detailed community profile in each urban centre, all urban inequity survey information
will be mapped and linked to policy. This will be done through the user friendly software, Lake Victoria Info developed
for the monitoring of Lake Victoria Initiatives. The monitoring of the Lake Victoria Initiatives is a good example of exante and post project evaluation through reliable and up-to-date information and responds to the need for Result Based
Management and Knowledge Management which is central to UNHABITAT’S Mid-term Strategic and Institutional Plan.
6.
Communication and Public Awareness
 Production of a baseline video documentary on the LVWATSAN programme, a series on each of the project towns, and
three Public Service Announcements have been completed. The video documentaries are being copied and packaged for
dissemination to the project towns and other key programme partners.
 Communications and Awareness Committees constituted from among the membership of the Multi-stakeholder Forums in
each project town facilitate local participation in the development and implementation of awareness campaigns. By
working closely with Ministries of Education, Health and Social Services in the towns, they facilitate capacity building at
the local level for sustainable development and implementation of communication and awareness campaigns. Posters,
flyers, banners and other promotional material were developed and disseminated in each of the project towns.
 Visibility of LVWATSAN at the global and regional levels was enhanced through active participation at the 3rd World
Water Forum, the AfriCities Conference, the UN-HABITAT 21st Governing Council and the World Water Week in
Stockholm where Programme exhibitions were mounted and updated information packs on the LVWATSAN programme
were distributed.
58
Expected Results (Outputs)
As per 2007 Work plan
Output Indicators Used
Beneficiaries
Results Achieved and
Progress Made
Output 400.1 (6):
WATSAN institutions in participating countries develop enhanced capacity to track progress towards internationally agreed targets
based on improved information systems and enhanced monitoring frameworks.
 Extent of acceptance of baseline data on indicators and benchmarks.

Extent of increase in consistency and quality of data collection, analysis and reporting.

Number of institutions trained in enhanced monitoring frameworks.

Ministers, advisors and policy makers.

WATSAN sector utility managers and sector professionals

WATSAN Institutions and other WATSAN service providers including SSISPs.

Decision makers in local authorities.

Women and children

Under and un-served users.

National urban communities.

Schools, parents, communities.
Monitoring of progress towards WATSAN coverage and service

UN-HABITAT teams have been working with UN-Water teams in each country to monitor progress towards MDG 7 target
10 & 11. Also in order to localize MDG Goal and targets relating to water and sanitation and to monitor them regularly, the
country teams are entering into cooperation agreements with the country statistical organizations so as to institutionalize the
arrangements for collecting statistical data and information periodically on a regular basis.

A cooperation agreement with the National Statistics Center (NSC) will be signed to implement Monitoring of MDG targets
10 and 11 in the 17 UN-HABITAT towns in Lao PDR project within the framework of the Water for Asian Cities (WAC)
Programme.

A cooperation agreement with the Social and Environmental Department, General Statistics Office (SED-GSO) will be
signed to Monitoring of MDG targets 10 and 11 (Goal 7) in the 8 UN-HABITAT Project Sites.

UN HABITAT is contributing its technical support to the MDG monitoring team established by UNDP and National Planning
Commission in relation to water and sanitation. In addition, MDG monitoring at city level is undergoing in 10 municipalities in
partnership with local authorities. A programme is under implementation at a municipality to demonstrate approaches for
localizing water and sanitation MDG in partnership with several leading national and international agencies.

A citywide Poverty Mapping called Poverty Pocket Situational Analysis (PPSA) for mapping the poverty and environmental
infrastructural deficiencies in each pocket has been carried out. This would serve as the baseline information for localized
monitoring of MDG 7 target 10 in four cities to be taken up in 2008.
59
Results Achieved and
Progress Made
60
2.
Outcomes Table
Expected Outcome 1
Outcome performance indicators
List of outputs leading to
achievement of outcome
Intended and actual beneficiaries
Achievements to date

Enabling environment in human settlements created, particularly in urban areas, to facilitate pro-poor, gender sensitive water and
sanitation investment



Number of cities adopting pro-poor, gender sensitive WATSAN governance frameworks
Level of increase in investment flows as a result of UN-HABITAT regional WATSAN programmes
Strategic partnerships among key WATSAN stakeholders (UN, development banks, donors, urban centres, utilities, NGOs and
communities) to promote increasing levels of investment in UN-HABITAT programmes
 WATAN sector stakeholders trained and enabled to develop, provide and manage improved WATSAN services
 WATSAN institutions in the participating countries able to replicate local initiatives as a consequence of increased investment
flows and with the involvement of local communities
 National urban communities.
 WATSAN Institutions
 WATSAN Utilities and others
 Under and un-served users
Pro-poor, gender sensitive, governance frameworks
Asia
 An overall framework for assessing pro-poor water and sanitation governance has been developed.
 Pro-poor Water and Sanitation governance framework has been applied in WATSAN projects of WAC Nepal Programme, by
government in 10 municipalities under ADB project and introduced at regional level in Vietnam and Lao PDR.
 A strategy and guide document for pro-poor water and sanitation governance has been developed for Madhya Pradesh, India,
Within the framework of Water for Asian Cities four cities in India, (Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur and Gwalior). Capacity building
of Water User’s Committee of 30 small towns under Small Towns Water and Sanitation Project is under development.
 In Lao PDR, Xieng Ngeun District of Luang Prabang Province has commenced to apply participatory approaches to delivery of
basic services.
Africa
 An extensive literature review undertaken in 2006 on the existing pro-poor governance mechanisms resulted in the publication of
a “Framework for Promoting Pro-Poor Water and Sanitation Governance in urban Programmes and Projects”. The document had
inputs from the WAC partners in the 15 countries (18 cities) currently involved in the programme, and who are field testing the
concepts in their activities on pro-poor governance.
 Lessons derived from the implementation of country programmes were documented into useful publications and tools during the
reporting period examples include; i) Land Cover/Land Use Maps of the Weija Reservoir Catchment for the Management of the
Accra City Water Supplies from the Reservoir; and ii) A generic publication on micro credit for Water supply and sanitation for
the urban poor which is under preparation in collaboration with CREPA based on the WAC II demonstration activities in
Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal.
 From the lessons learned on advocacy and public awareness creation processes under the programme, a draft advocacy and
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communications strategy has been prepared for the WAC II programme and was reviewed and improved upon by country
partners.
Gender mainstreaming skills of partners in the field have been strengthened in 11 participating cities of the WAC programme.
This has led to the inculcation of a gender responsive culture in the water and sanitation sector among the decision and policy
makers, implementing partners, stakeholders and community representatives. As well, the over 300 participants who benefited
have also gained more knowledge on how to integrate gender and vulnerability concerns in their activities. The partners,
including recipient countries and beneficiary communities have embraced the gender responsive culture and practice in their
activities
In general, in both Asia and Africa,
 The pro-poor governance activity is prominent in the ongoing activities at the city level, and there are strong indications of
commitment to their implementation under the programme by the implementation partners. This is attributable to:
a) the consultative process adopted for formulating the city level implementation plans;
b) the gender mainstreaming strategy initiative in the participating cities; and
c) the sharing of information between the partners in the cities
Increased investment flows
Asia
 A Memorandum of Understanding was signed in 2003 with ADB under which US$ 10 million will be provided in form of grants
and US$ 500 million in the form of loans. A second MOU in 2007 has increased the grant component to $ 20 million, equally
shared by ADB and UNHABITAT and the loan component to $ 1 billion

In Vietnam total investment under Water for Asian Cities Programm was of the order of US$2,065,500. This includes UNHABITAT contribution of US$1,032,000 and partners contribution of US$1,861,000 for the period of 2006 to 07. Of this total so
far only 20 % has been disbursed.

Similarly under MEK-WATSAN in Vietnam total fund investment is US$626,500 including UN-HABITAT contribution of
US$421,000 and partners' contribution of US$205,000. The total number of direct beneficiaries is 20,000 for the two
programmes in Vietnam.

In Nepal, total fund contribution from UN-HABITAT is USD 2.7 million and partners' contribution is to the tune of US$ 3.2
million for the period of 2005-07. In the year 2007, Total commitment of UN-HABITAT fund was of an order of USD 1.6
million. So far total disbursement was of the order of 50%. This is insupport of ADB assisted projects involving ADB
investments of US$ 97.5 million. Total number of beneficiaries, direct and indirect is 2 million.

In PR China, total fund commitment by UN-HABITAT so far has been of US$ 1,128, 000 and partners contribution is US$
1,667,000 making a total of 2,795,000 for the period of 2006 to 2007. However, ADB assistance has been nearly US$ 450
million. This includes nearly US$ 100 million each in Nanjing and Kunming and nearly USD 250 million through other projects.
The total number of direct beneficiaries so far has been 19,500 with UN-HABITAT support.

In Lao PDR total investment under Water for Asian Cities Programm was of the order of US$ 25.07 million. This includes UN-
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HABITAT contribution of US$ 0.57 million and ADB assistance of 2405 million as grant investment for the period of 2006 to
09. Of this total so far only 34 % has been disbursed.

Similarly under MEK-WATSAN in Lao PDR total fund investment is US$1,306,000 (UN HABITAT US$767,000 and partners
contribution US$539,000) for the period of 2006 to 09 of which 54% has been disbursed. The total nuber of direct beneficiaries
are 10,000 for the MEK-WATSAN programme in Lao PDR.

In India, UN-HABITAT contribution until the end of 2007 was USD 1.7 million and counterpart contribution USD 1.9 million.
The total number of direct beneficiaries is of the order of nearly one million. This is in support of Urban Water Supply
Environment Improvement Project involving an investment of USD 275 million project including ADB assistance of USD 181
million. The project plans to go for additional assistance of USD 75 million.

In India , under the Slum Environmental Sanitation Initiative, cooperation agreements were signed with WaterAid and four local
authorities in Madhya Pradesh, India under which, Water Aid is investing US$ 350,000 while each of the municipal corporation
is investing US$ 87,210 (totaling US$ 348,840).

In Lao PDR, ADB Board has approved the North and Central Region Water Supply Project with a budget of US$ 24.5 million.
UN-HABITAT has made a commitment of US $ 0.57 million.

A Cooperation Agreement has been signed with the Xieng Ngeun Water Service Provider under which they are investing US$
100,000 matched with another US$ 100,000 contribution from the community. The fast track project is expected to be completed
shortly.

A Cooperation Agreement has been finalized in Nepal with WaterAid Nepal under which WaterAid Nepal is contributing US $
250,000 for Water, Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene Programme for Urban Poor. UN-HABITAT is also making an equal
contribution of US$ 250,000. In addition, UN HABITAT is partnering with government departments and other agencies like
Practical Action, UK based INGO, Bio-Gas Support Programme, Town Development Fund, UDLE/GTZ, UNDP/PPPUE,
Municipal Association of Nepal, NGO Forum and private sectors like Coca Cola Company to increase investment flows.

ADB Board has approved the project document for Central Region Small and Medium Towns development Project with a
financial assistance of US$ 50 million in a total project size of US$ 96 million.

In Vietnam the water utility in Cam Ranh is to invest US$ 280,000, in which UN-HABITAT is providing US$ 250,000 towards
providing improved water and sanitation facilities for 15,000 poor residents in the town.

In Yunnan Province of China, Jinghong City is investing US$ 750,000, in which UN-HABITAT is providing US$ 250,000
towards providing improved water and sanitation facilities for 15,000 poor residents; Simao City is investing US$ 120,000, in
which UN-HABITAT is providing US$ 60,000 to provide water and sanitation facilities to 3,200 poor residents; UN-HABITAT
is also providing half of total US$ 80,000 investment to Simao City to conduct water conservation and demand management
activities.

Government of Madhya Pradesh has decided to support Community Managed Water Supply Schemes to provide water in 40
slums in 4 cities utilizing the loan covenant of Area Improvement Fund (AIF) and Community Initiative Fund (CIF) of Madhya
Pradesh Urban Water Supply and Environmental Improvement Project.

The Government of Madhya Pradesh has issued directions to the Municipal Commissioners/Municipalities for establishment of
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Revolving Water Fund and Revolving Sanitation Fund for increasing accessibility of water and sanitation facilities for the poor.

In the implementation of Community Managed Sewerage Scheme counterpart contribution was mobilized from the Public
Contribution Scheme of the state government in one city.

Urban poor communities provided access to safe drinking water at an affordable price

A revolving sanitation fund has been created to facilitate construction of individual sanitary latrines in all the project cities.

Sixteen slums have become open defecation free areas in the 4 cities.

The Government of Madhya Pradesh has initiated a programme for improving sanitation situation in 10 slums in each of the 4
project cities by involving the community on the lines of SESI utilizing the Area Improvement Fund and Community Initiative
Fund Component of ADB loan covenant where in UN-HABITAT is supporting for community mobilisation , capacity building
etc under the framework of Cooperation agreement with Water Aid

Two cities have developed plans for rejuvenation of defunct community toilets to improve sanitation coverage
Africa

As at the end of 2007, UN-HABITAT has committed an amount of $11.19m under 9 MOUs with participating countries while
contributions from the respective governments stand at $4.76m. Uptake into policies of some component lessons from the
programme activities have taken place in a number of the participating countries.

A $520,000 pro-poor integrated WATSAN initiative has been undertaken in the Soweto East of the Kibera slums (population of
60,000 inhabitatnts) of Nairobi that has led to the involvement of the Ministry of roads and the Ministry of Energy to join efforts
under the initiative to upgrade the slum area.

The collaborative arrangements under the MOU signed with the African Development Bank is particularly important in terms of
ensuring that capacity enhancements to facilitate an appropriate environment are directly linked to available investment
opportunities. To date AfDB programme investment funds with links to WAC programme activities is estimated at $ 270
million USD. In the course of 2007, the collaboration with the African Development Bank (AfDB) was further strengthened
with joint activities initiated in a number of countries, including:
o Kenya: Under the AfDB US$ 55.31 million, and a grant of US$ 16.5 million for the financing of the Water Services Boards
Support Project in Kenya to address the capacity problems of three water services boards as well as of water service
providers The WAC programme is collaborating on two main components of the project:
a. Scale up of the UN-HABITAT Kibera Integrated WATSAN Project. A preinvestment preinvestment study for this
Kibera component has been undertaken. UN-HABITAT is contributing $ 0.5m while the AFDB contributes $2m for the
implementation of this component under the overall support to the Athi Water Services Board and
b. Sanitation and Hygiene Diagnostic Study in the LVWSB Area of Jurisdiction (comprising 23 towns). The study will
provide a database and of appropriate technical solutions, governance opt=ions and approaches as well as a strategy to
improve sanitation (including health/hygiene promotion principles) in the LVSWSB area of jurisdiction.
o Mali: in Niono in the Segou region, the WAC programme, is working with the Bank on adopting appropriate household and
public latrines design as pilot demonstration interventions. The Bank will subsequently provide grant funds for all the
household latrines (grant up to 90%) and public toilet (full grant). The funds to be leveraged through these interventions is
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estimated at 10m UA. It is envisaged that partnerships with other bilateral and multi lateral donors might also bring
additional investment resources to this programme..
In furtherance to the 2006 collaborative partnership arrangement with the World Bank in Ethiopia, to ensure synergy in the
programming and implementation of activities on issues of WATSAN for the urban poor, the World Bank has adapted the UNHABITAT programme format for a programme estimated at USD 60 million in Addis Ababa. UN-HABITAT contributed to
this adaptation effort, through drawing on lessons from its ongoing activities under the programme in Ethiopia.
Comments on Variance between
planned and Actual Achievement
and beneficiaries
The second MoU with ADB has already been signed doubling the investment and grant commitment to USD 1 billion and US$ 20
million respectively.
Effective communication between UN-HABITAT and AfDB has been identified as an area to improve upon in order to speed up the
collaboration activities.
Expected Outcome 2

Enhanced participatory involvement of local authorities and communities in WATSAN activities
Outcome performance indicators
List of outputs leading to
achievement of outcome


Extent of participatory involvement in WATSAN activities by local authorities and communities
Human settlement dimension incorporated in the World Water Development Reports, Water and Sanitation in the World’s Cities
published and pro-poor and gender focused governance frameworks available
WATSAN institutions in the participating countries able to replicate local initiatives as a consequence of increased investment
flows and with the involvement of local communities
Strategic partnerships among key WATSAN stakeholders (UN, development banks, donors, urban centres, utilities, NGOs and
communities) to promote increasing levels of investment in UN-HABITAT programmes
WATAN sector stakeholders trained and enabled to develop, provide and manage improved WATSAN services



Intended and actual beneficiaries
Achievements to date


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
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National urban communities.
WATSAN Institutions
WATSAN Utilities and others
Women
Under and un-served users
Partnerships established (during the start up phase and formulation phases in all the participating countries), with the national
and city governments, local authorities, utilities, NGOs and the civil society, to formulate the city programme elements and to
facilitate effective implementation in both the Asian and African Cities programmes. These partners have understood the
importance of the interventions and have shown full collaboration in terms of availing counterpart resources for the interventions
to be undertaken, and are fully involved in the process. Examples include:
o
o
Participatory poverty mapping of four cities totaling 1537 poverty pockets covered by Water for Asian Cities in Madhya
Pradesh, India, as well as in Thimi and Siddhipur, a peri-urban settlement of Kathmandu, Nepal and four settlements in
Sayabouly town in Lao PDR.
A rapid gender assessment and gender mainstreaming strategy and action plan for the four cities of Madhya Pradesh has
been completed. The gender mainstreaming strategy and action plan was accepted by the Project Directorate,
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o
o
MPUWSEI Project as it fits into the preparation of the Gender Action plan which is one of the social loan covenants of
the Government of M.P. with the ADB. The Project Directorate has also issued directions for piloting the Gender
Action plan in 5 slums in each of the project cities.
The water supply and sanitation activities in Xieng Ngeun District, Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR are community
based and with full participation of local residents.
Community Managed Water Supply Schemes in Gwalior, Jabalpur and Indore, Madhya Pradesh India have been
commissioned.
o
16 slums in four project cities in Madhya Pradesh, India became open defecation free, pockets benefiting 1505 people in
Indore, 2750 people in Gwalior, 1250 people in Bhopal and 1310 people in Jabalpur
o
Under the HVWSHE programme, WATSAN classrooms have been established in 4 schools in Indore, Bhopal, Jabalpur
and Gwalior.and one in Savarkundla Gujarat Resource teachers and about 200 teachers from various schools of the
cities have been sensitized regarding HVWSHE.
o
UN-HABITAT has developed a number of policy papers to assist the Project Directorate and the M.P. Government take
policy decisions for improvement of basic services for the poor and to mobilize resources for the same. They are briefly
described below:





A Financial Resource Mapping exercise was undertaken to assess the availability of funds in the project cities
from tied and untied resources for the development works in water and sanitation sector and suggested
mechanism for convergence. The Government of Madhya Pradesh has issued directions to the District
Administration and the Municipal Corporations for mobilization of additional resources as suggested by UNHABITAT for the development works in slum areas.
A policy paper on “Rejuvenation of Community Toilets” for the empowerment and capacity building of the
community for owning and operation and maintenance of community toilets to improve sanitary conditions in
slums was developed As per the suggestion in the policy paper the Government of Madhya Pradesh has issued
directives to the District Urban Development Agencies and the Municipal Corporations of the project cities for
renovation of the community toilets and handing over the O & M of these assets through Community Water
and Sanitation Committees so that the toilet facilities are available to all living in the slums.
A policy paper on “Community Managed System for Operation, Billing & Collection of Water Charges”
which suggests a mechanism for handing over the day to day management of the water supply O & M and
billing & collection to community based organisations benefiting both the Municipal Corporation as well as the
consumers Has been developed. After organizing stakeholder consultations the state government has issued
directives to the Municipal Corporations of the project cities to select pilot areas for implementing this
initiative.
A Policy Paper on “Measures for Ensuring Sustainability of Rainwater Harvesting” has been developed jointly
with the state government after organizing stakeholder consultation for promoting conservation of rainwater.
Based on the CMWSS experience, the Guidelines on “Revolving Water Fund for Community Managed Water
Supply Schemes” for improving the lives of the poor and the disadvantaged by connecting them to the safe
drinking water by financing the capital cost of the scheme as loan to the community and ensuring their
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o
o
o
Steering Committees have been established to oversee the implementation of activities and Multi-stakeholder forums
have been promoted to be involved in all 17 participating cities of the WAC II as part of the city programme
formulation and gender mainstreaming strategy initiative and the rapid gender assessment process the city programmes.
o
Town level stakeholders sensitized, including town level meetings under the LVWATSAN process in the first phase
towns
There has been a good level of response to the participatory approach, by the governments and various partners in the
participating cities of Africa, to be fully involved in the activities. Although the focus of programme activities is principally
at local level, most of the city initiatives are supported by MOUs with national governments to “promote future
implementation of good practices in pro-poor water and sanitation governance in line with Government priorities and
objectives”. Currently, the following is the broad status of partnerships in place under the programme:
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Comments on Variance between
planned and Actual Achievement
and beneficiaries
o
o

ownership and participation in operation and maintenance of the scheme has been prepared jointly with the
Project Directorate. The Project Directorate has issued directives to the Municipal Corporations for creating the
revolving water fund for increasing the coverage of the water facilities in the slums.
 Based on the SESI experience, the Guidelines on “Revolving Sanitation Fund for the Construction of
Individual Household Toilet in Urban Slums” to facilitate provision of individual toilet facilities for creating
open defecation free cities have been evolved jointly with the Project Directorate after a stakeholder
consultation. The Project Directorate has issued directives to the Municipal Corporations of the project cities to
set up Revolving Sanitation Funds and associating NGOs for its operation.
WAC Programme Monitoring Committees at the state level as well as at City level in Indore , Jabalpur and Gwalior ,
Madhya Pradesh, India has been constituted to monitor the various activities under WAC programme being
implemented in the project cities
water operators in all 14 active pilot cities
33 local authorities and municipal structures
48 locally-based NGOs and CBOs
active multi-stakeholder steering committees are in place in each of the 14 active countries.
over 300 people attended local-level gender workshops alone in 2007
55,000 students and teachers were directly involved in the HVWSHE activities.
Overall, the extent of participatory involvement is judged to be medium-high.
Most of the implementation activities at are still ongoing, and a full measure of the outcomes can only be made after these have
been completed and evaluated on the expected outcomes. The WSTF Mid-term review team made the following overall
evaluations of the activities of the Trust Fund:
Effectiveness of the WSTF in achieving its overall goals was judged to be satisfactory. The effectiveness of the WSTF lies in the
combined comparative advantage of several different types of organizations.
Efficiency of the WSTF was judged to be adequate but hampered by administrative obstacles many of which could be overcome
67
in a more decentralized administration.
Expected Outcome 3

Increased Access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation with special emphasis for the urban poor in participating countries
Outcome performance indicators
List of outputs leading to
achievement of outcome


Increase in number of households with access to WATSAN services, differentiated by gender and income
WATSAN issues and application of guide documents, norms standards and toolkits by the water and sanitation sector and UNHABITAT partners
WATAN sector stakeholders trained and enabled to develop, provide and manage improved WATSAN services
WATSAN institutions in participating countries able to replicate local initiatives as a consequence of increased investment flows
and with the involvement of local communities
National urban communities.
Schools, parents and communities.
School children.
Women.
Under and un-served users


Intended and actual beneficiaries





Water for Asian Cities

Two Municipal Corporations are establishing leak detection teams for detection and minimizing the leakages.

Installation of flow meters from raw water source to consumers is being implemented by the Municipal Corporations.

One Municipal Corporation has taken up a project for installation of meters to monitor the flow of water from the source and to
repair leaks to achieve leakage within acceptable level.

Government of Madhya Pradesh had organised two stakeholder consultations for promoting creation of District Metered Areas.

One Municipal Corporation is implementing a project to establish a Pilot District Metered Area.

The Government of MP has issued directives to the Municipal Corporations for promoting RWH as well as piloting Community
Managed system for operation, billing and collection in an area having 750-1000 households.

Under the project initiative in India (M.P), 16,000 people have directly benefitted from improved water supply under CMWSS
implemented in Gwalior, Indore and Jabalpur and about 20,000 people have benefited with improved sanitation facilities.


About 12,000 students and their parents in the four project cities have benefitted by end 2007 from HVWSHE programme being
implemented in Madhya Pradesh, India.
700 public representatives/top and middle management of Municipal Corporations, State Government Officials and teachers of
project cities of Madhya Pradesh were trained in urban governance, GIS application, financial management, Water Demand
management and Human Values-based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Education.
From the project cities of Madhya Pradesh 102 elected representatives and officials of municipal corporations and community
members were benefited through an exposure visit to various community managed water and sanitation best practices.
In Lao PDR by the end of 2006, 10,000 unserved will benefit from improved water and sanitation

In Nepal, end of 2006, some 25,000 urban poor will benefit from improved water and sanitation and more than 100,000 people


68
are benefited from rainwater harvesting programme

In Yunnan in China by end of 2006, 3200 urban poor will benefit in Simao from improved water and sanitation. Another CA
signed in 2006 to be implemented in 2007 in Jinghong will benefit another 15,000 people with water and sanitation. The CA will
be signed with Nanjing to be implemented in 2007 will benefit about 7,500 people with water and sanitation.

In Vietnam a CA signed with Cam Ranh town water utility will benefit 15,000 poor urban residents by providing them with
improved water and sanitation facilities.

Siddipur integrated environmental improvement had developed as the demo site for national and international visitors for
community based integrated development approach. The community made a great effort to declare the community as open
defecation free zone as the exemplarily model.

Partnership with private sector like Le Meridiean (international chain of hotels) was initiated as the result of successful
implementation of water and sanitation programme in several peri urban communities in Kathmandu Valley. This partnership
intended for similar support in other poor clusters of the valley.

Government of Nepal has initiated community based water supply and sanitation schemes in adjacent villages of Siddhipur like
Tikathali VDC as a potential replication of Siddhipur approach.

The subsidy support allocated for establishment of sanitation facilities for urban poor in Hetauda municipality had been
converted into revolving fund with low interest rate (3%) and 24 months payback scheme had motivated the poor householders
to install private toilets. The grant support of government for Bio gas had triggered the motivation for installing bio gas attached
private toilets, who own the sufficient land to install it.

The successful implementation of water and sanitation initiatives in four poor clusters through the partner ENPHO motivated
municipality to sign a cooperation agreement to cover the total identified 21 poor clusters of Hetauda municipality.
Monitoring of progress towards MDG attainment

To efficiently track progress towards MDGs, the monitoring methodologies and frameworks that have been developed under the
Programme will enable a much clearer picture of both baseline information and changing coverage as a result of programme
interventions. It is estimated that some 2 million peri-urban poor will benefit from improved monitoring.
Africa

The benefits of the WAC programme include the physical WATSAN facilities and services for the poor, the enhanced capacity
to build and manage them and the institutional arrangements to ensure they are well run. Ensuring the sustaining of these citylevel benefits was a fundamental consideration in the programme design. To date about 113,000 persons have benefited from the
programme as a result of the following:
o Provision of household sanitation facilities (e.g. small bore community sewerage schemes and microcredit facilities to assist
facilitate access for the poor in Bobo Dioulasso and Somgande/Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso, Ngor/Yoff/Oukam in
Dakar/Senegal, Tratafric in Douala, Amour in Edea/Cameroon) and public sanitation facilities in schools and communities
69
in nearly all the participating cities.
o
Micro Credit mechanisms to facilitate access to Water Supply and sanitation systems by the poor (Bobo Dioulasso,
Somgande in Ouagadougou, Ngor/Yoff/Oukam in Dakar, Tratafric in Douala, Amour in Edea, etc.)
o
Small scale informal water providors improved ability to deliver safe water and improve on their working conditions and
management style (in collaboration with CREPA in Ouagadougou, Dakar and Bamako)
o
Enhanced focus of utilities in pilot cities and communities on the benefits of water demand management as a means for
ensuring efficient use of water supplies and reducing unaccounted for water.
o
Rainwater harvesting as a means to augment water supplies has effectively been undertaken in Addis Ababa, Harar and Dire
Dawa in collaboration with the Ethiopian rainwater harvesting association
o
Urban catchment management activities to improve the environmental conditions around water bodies in Accra, Bamako,
Yaounde, Ougadougou, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa
LVWATSAN

Direct Benefiaries under the LVWATSAN are estimated to total 25,500 persons for water and 2,250 persons for sanitation
.
Comments on Variance between
planned and Actual Achievement
and beneficiaries

The coverage estimates given for the Lake Victoria Water and Sanitation Initiative are based on currently available census data.
It is anticipated that these are somewhat inaccurate and as such the UN-HABITAT programme is shortly to commence an
exhaustive survey to ascertain accurate population data and current status as regard to service coverage.
70