Table of Contents
Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………………. Iii
Abstract …………………………………………………………………….………. iv
Motivation and Purpose …………………………………………………….. ……. v
Chapter 1
Human Computer Interaction through Context
1.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. 2
1.2 Computer Supported Cooperative work ……………………………………. 3
1.3 What is Context…………………………………………………………………4
1.3.1 Some Definitions of Context …………………………………………….4
1.4 Context Awareness ……………………………………………………………6
1.5 Contextual Computing ……………………………………………………….. 6
Chapter 2
Mobile Communication and Positioning Technologies
2.1 Location-based Services ……………………………………………………….9
2.2 Positioning Method in Systems (GPS, GSM, WLAN)…………………..10
2.2.1 Network-based Mobile Positioning Technologies …………………..…10
2.2.2 Handset-based Mobile Positioning Technologies …………………11
2.3 Global Positioning System (GPS) …………………………………………….12
2.3.1 GPS Components …………………………………………………………12
2.3.2 GPS – How it works …………………………………………………….13
2.3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of GPS ………………………………16
2.4 Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) …………………………17
2.4.1 GSM – How it works …………………………………………………….18
2.4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of GSM ……………………………..18
2.5 WLAN (IEEE 802.11) …………………………………………………………19
2.5.1 Network Structure………………………………………………………20
2.5.2 System Architecture ………………………………………………………21
2.5.3 Indoor Positioning using WLAN …………………………………………23
2.5.4 Advantages and Disadvantages with WLAN ………………………….25
Chapter 3
Designing Framework Interaction Mobile System
3.1 Designing Framework for Interaction Mobile System ………………………28
3.2 Location and Space ……………………………………………………………28
3.2.1 Physical Space ……………………………………………………………29
3.2.2 Virtual Space ………………………………………………………………29
3.3 Mobility …………………………………………………………………………29
3.4 Population ………………………………………………………………………30
3.5 Actors ……………………………………………………………………………30
3.5.1 Employees …………………………………………………………………31
3.5.2 Staff …………………………………………………………………………32
3.5.3 Students ……………………………………………………………………32
3.5.4 Guests ………………………………………………………………………32
3.6 Control Room …………………………………………………………………34
i
3.7 Developing Supporting Model ………………………………………………35
3.8 Semantic Model of Space ……………………………………………………38
3.8.1 Kind of Space ………………………………………………………………38
3.8.2 Space and Bodies ……………………………………………………… 41
3.9 Synchronization ……………………………………………………………..… 42
3.10 Scenario ……………………………………………………………………… 43
3.10.1 Participation …………………………………………………………….. 46
3.10.2 Running the Work ……………………………………………………….. 47
Chapter 4
Implementation of the prototype (Practical Part)
4.1 Developer Application ……………………………………………………..…. 53
4.1.1 Application Architecture and Communication ………………………… 53
4.1.2 Interfaces ……………………………………………………………… 54
4.2 User Application ……………………………………………………………… 62
4.2.1 Application Architecture and Communication ………...……………… 62
4.2.2 Services ……………………………………………………………… 63
Chapter 5
Test and Result
5.1 Starting Session ……………………………………………………………… 69
5.2 Finding Who is around …………………………...…………………………... 71
5.2.1 Same Building ………………..………………..………………………… 71
5.2.2 Same Level …………………………..………….……………………… 71
5.2.3 Same Room ……………………………………..………..……………… 72
5.3 Tracking Users ………………………………………………………………… 73
5.4 Information Service ………………………………...……….………………… 75
5.5 Stop Session ………………………………………...………………………… 76
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………….. 79
Appendix
…………………………………………………………………….
ii
80
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the teachers and external teachers for the Global
and Mobile Application course for discussion about context-aware systems
and Mobile Application.
Specifically we would like to thank our supervisors (Thomas Hildebrandt,
Kjeld Schmidt). Sincere thanks are also to Anders Cervera, Ulf Toke,
Henning Niss. Joachim Halse
iii
Abstract
The project work required in the course Global and Mobile Applications
consists in developing a conceptual design of an application that supports
mobile working on the basis of location-based services and other forms of
context-dependent computing. The proliferation of mobile computing
devices and local-area wireless networks has fastest a growing interest in
location-aware systems and services. A key requirement for enabling such
services is user location and tracking. LBS can be a key feature to provide
tailor-made mobile application in wireless networks. The daily life of a
student involves a lot of collaborative activities with fellow students of
faculty taking place in a variety of locations on the campus. Our project
provides new kinds of services to mobile working, when spatial
coordinates of mobile devices can be determined.
iv
Motivation and Purpose
Motivation
Students on a campus are involved in collaborative work across different
locations on a daily basis. Throughout a typical day, the might attend
classes in different buildings, work on their own or in groups in dedicated
locations (e.g., library, computer lab), meet with fellow students to work on
common projects, meet with faculty, etc. Still, in contrast with other
professions, there are no handheld tools to support student’s activities.
Tacking advantage of the wireless network, we have developed an
application to support student’s workgroups. We have implemented a
number of location-aware applications to support the activities of mobile
student’s workgroups.
Purpose
The purpose with this report project is to study the possibilities to develop
a new kind of services that integrate the entertainment area with the
positioning technique. This will be done by developing a prototype for
tracing a mobile client that in based on positioning.
v
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