ADOT North Slope Bullen Point Weather Station Network
Data Measurement and Recording Standards
Last Update: 5/09/06
Last Update By: R. F. Paetzold
Data-Collection Objectives: Meteorological Data for Transportation Network Planning and
Design, Current Weather Conditions, Climate Monitoring Objectives
Time Recording Standard: Always Alaska Standard Time (UTC – 9)
Datalogger Scan Interval Standard: Five seconds.
Time Measurement Standards:
- Hourly readings are recorded at the end of the hour, so hourly average air temperature
for 14:00 with a 5-second scan interval is measured from 13:00:05 to 14:00:00, so for
a 5-second scan interval, there would be [(60 sec/min)/(5 sec)]*60 min = 720 values to
go into the hourly average.
- 2-minute readings are started at the top of the hour and restart every two minutes, so
the 2-minute average wind speed for 14:08 is from pulses between 14:06:05 and
14:08:00.
- Instantaneous readings are taken at the time specified
- A day begins at midnight (00:00:05) and ends at midnight (00:00:00)
Data Retrieval Interval: All new data is retrieved every 60 minutes
Data Post-Processing Interval: Hourly, any post-processing of data is done after retrieval
Data Reporting Interval: Hourly
Full Weather Stations
Air Temperature (AT)
Sensor: HPM45C Vaisala AT/RH sensor
Operating Range: -40°C to +60°C
Installation: In 12-gill radiation shield, non-aspirated.
Height: 3 meters or maybe 2.0m (fits WMO and EPA standards)
Output Units: deg C
Scan Interval: 5 seconds NWS standard? Will check.
Instantaneous Hourly Air Temperature: Recorded at the beginning of the hour 5-min avg
might be better (NWS)
Average Hourly Air Temperature: 720 readings from the beginning of the hour to the end of
the hour, recorded at the end of the hour
Hourly Maximum Air Temperature: the highest reading taken during the previous hour Useful
to anyone?
Hourly Minimum Air Temperature: the lowest reading taken during the previous hour Useful
to anyone?
Daily Average Air Temperature: Average of the 24 hourly-average readings
Daily Maximum Air Temperature: the highest reading taken during the day
Daily Minimum Air Temperature: the lowest reading taken during the day
Also need to add AT thermistors:
Scan rate?
1
Height above ground?
Final data : sample and/or average?
Relative Humidity (RH)
Sensor: HPM45C Vaisala AT/RH sensor
Operating Range: 0 to 100% RH
Installation: In 12-gill radiation shield, non-aspirated.
Height: 3 meters 2.0m fits WMO and EPA standards
Output Units: % Relative Humidity
Scan Interval: 5 seconds
Instantaneous Hourly Relative Humidity: Recorded at the beginning of the hour or 5-min avg.
for NWS? How about hourly average?
Hourly Maximum Relative Humidity: the highest reading taken during the previous hour
Useful to anyone?
Hourly Minimum Relative Humidity: the lowest reading taken during the previous hour
Useful to anyone?
Daily Average Relative Humidity: Average of the 24 hourly-average readings
Daily Maximum Relative Humidity: the highest reading taken during the day
Daily Minimum Relative Humidity: the lowest reading taken during the day
Saturation Vapor Pressure (SVP)
Sensor: Calculated value from AT/RH
Scan Interval: na
Instantaneous Hourly Saturation Vapor Pressure: Recorded at the beginning of the hour
Useful to anyone?
Vapor Pressure (VP)
Sensor: Calculated value from AT/RH
Scan Interval: na
Instantaneous Hourly Vapor Pressure: Recorded at the beginning of the hour Useful to
anyone?
Dew Point (DP)
Sensor: Calculated value from AT/RH
Scan Interval: na
Instantaneous Hourly Dew Point: Recorded at the beginning of the hour or 5-min. avg.?
Wind Speed (WS)
Sensor: RM Young 05103 Anemometer
Operating Range: 0 to 60 m/s (0 to 134 mph)
Starting Threshold: 1 m/s (2.2 mph).
Installation: 30 m from nearest obstruction.
Height: 3 meters
Output Units: meters per second.
Scan Interval: 5-seconds, pulses counted and averaged during each 5-second period
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Recording Interval: 2-minute data and hourly data are recorded, data saved in 2 different
storage areas.
Average Wind Speed: the average of all 5-second averaged wind speeds during the reporting
intervals of 2 minutes and 60 minutes.
Peak Wind Speed (Gust Speed): the highest recorded wind speed average over the scan
intervals within the recording period. So the Gust Speed is the highest value from the 5second averages. average wind speed 5-second period.
Instantaneous Wind Speed: the 5-second average wind speed beginning at the beginning of
the hour, for example the time between 14:00:05 and 14:00:10.
Daily Wind Speed: the daily average of all 5-second averaged wind speeds.
Peak Wind Speed: the highest recorded 5-sec avg wind speed for the day.
Wind Direction (WD)
Sensor: RM Young 05103 Anemometer
Operating Range: 0 to 360 deg (mechanical) True North (0 to 355 electrical, 5 deg open)
Starting Threshold: 1.1 m/s (2.2 mph) 10 deg displacement.
Installation: Align True North.
Height: 3 meters
Output Units: degrees true north.
Scan Interval: 5 second
Recording Interval: 2-minute data and hourly data are recorded, data saved in 2 different
storage areas.
Instantaneous Wind Direction: the wind direction for the first scan interval at the beginning of
the hour, for example the time between 14:00:05 and 14:00:10
Vector Mean Wind Direction: the vector mean of all 5-s (scan interval) averages of wind
direction for the recording period. For example during a 2-minute recording period this will
be the average of 24 five-second average wind directions.
Daily Wind Direction: the daily average of all 5-s (scan interval) averages of wind direction.
Wind Direction Standard Deviation (WDSTD)
Sensor: Calculated
Scan Interval: 5 second
Recording Interval: 2-minute data and hourly data are recorded, data saved in 2 different
storage areas.
Average Wind Direction Standard Deviation: the wind direction average over the scan
intervals within the recording period.
Snow Depth (SD)
Sensor: SR50 Snow Depth
Operating Range: 0.5 to 10 meters (or sensor height, if less than 10 m)
Resolution: 0.1 mm
Installation: Point straight down on a flat surface.
Height: 2 meters
Output Units: cm, corrected for air temperature
Scan Interval: Hourly
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Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous taken at the beginning of the hour; Daily avg snow
depth
Summer Precipitation (P)
Sensor: TE525WS
Resolution: 0.01 in
Installation: use wind shield, locate 30 m from nearest obstruction.
Height: 0.5 meters
Output Units: inches
Scan Interval: 5 sec 1-minute would work just as well?
Recording Interval: Hourly total taken at the beginning of the hour; Daily total precipitation.
Net Radiation (Rn)
Sensor: Kipp and Zonen NR-Lite
Installation: orient to south to minimize shadow effect from tripod
Height: 2 meters
Output Units: W/m2, corrected for wind speed.
Scan Interval: 5 sec 1-minute would work just as well?
Recording Interval: Hourly average at the beginning of the hour
Barometric Pressure Sensor (Pb)
Sensor: CS105, Vaisala
Installation: inside the datalogger enclosure.
Height: about 1.5 m
Output Units: hPa (mb), corrected for elevation. Sea level pressure?
Scan Interval: 5 sec will check NWS standard
Recording Interval: Hourly average at the beginning of the hour will check NWS standard;
might be something closer to instantaneous
Soil Temperature (ST1,ST2)
Sensor: YSI Series 44033 Thermistor
Depths: 1cm (surface), 2 thermistors (2 reps)
Output Units: k, °C.
Scan Interval: Hourly
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous taken at the beginning of the hour
Soil Temperature Profile (STP1,STPn,..,STP12)
Sensor: YSI Series 44033 Thermistor
Installation: In back-filled bored hole
Depths: xx, xx, xx cm, 1-12 thermistors (based on actual depth of bored drill hole)
Output Units: k, °C.
Scan Interval: Hourly
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous taken at the beginning of the hour
Soil Moisture Profile (SM1,SM2,SM3)
Sensor: CSI 616 Unfrozen Soil-Moisture Probe
4
Installation: horizontal orientation in back-filled hole
Depths: xxx, xxx, xxx cm
Output Units: s, volumetric soil water content.
Scan Interval: Hourly
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous taken at the beginning of the hour
CR1000 Battery Voltage (BV)
Sensor: CR1000
Output Units: V.
Scan Interval: 1 Hour 1-minute would be better for on-site analysis
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous taken at the beginning of the hour
CR1000 Solar Panel Voltage (SPV1)
Sensor: GWS Wiring Harness, CR1000
Output Units: V.
Scan Interval: 1 Hour 1-minute would be better for on-site analysis
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous taken at the beginning of the hour
Battery Box Temperature (BBT1, BBT2)
Sensor: (2) YSI Series 44033 Thermistors (2 reps)
Output Units: k, °C.
Scan Interval: Hourly
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous taken at the beginning of the hour
Datalogger (CR1000) Panel Temperature (PT)
Sensor: CR1000 Internal thermistor
Output Units: °C.
Scan Interval: 1 Hour 1-minute would be better for on-site analysis
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous taken at the beginning of the hour
Resulting Final Storage Data Tables:
Table One: Diagnostics
Hourly Instantaneous: BV, SPV1, BBT1, BBT2, PT
Table Two: Above Ground
Hourly Instantaneous: AT, RH, SVP, VP, DP, WS, WD, SD, Pb
Hourly Average Values: MeanAT, MaxAT, MinAT, MeanRH, MaxRH,
MinRH, AvgWS, GS(peak wind speed), AvgWD, WDSTD, TotalP, Rn, Pb
Table Three: Subsurface
Hourly Instantaneous: ST1, ST2, STP1, STP2,…,STP12, SM1, SM2, SM3
Table Four: 2-Minute
WS, WD, WDSTD, GS
Table Five: Daily
MeanAT, MaxAT, MinAT, MeanRH, MaxRH, MinRH, AvgWS, GS(peak
wind speed), AvgWD, TotalP, AvgSD
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Repeater Stations
Air Temperature (AT)
Sensor: HPM45C Vaisala AT/RH sensor same questions as above for HMP45C
Scan Interval: 5 seconds
Instantaneous Hourly Air Temperature: Recorded at the beginning of the hour
Average Hourly Air Temperature: 720 readings from the beginning of the hour to the end of
the hour, recorded at the end of the hour
Hourly Maximum Air Temperature: the highest reading taken during the previous hour
Hourly Minimum Air Temperature: the highest reading taken during the previous hour
Daily Average Air Temperature: Average of the 24 hourly-average readings
Daily Maximum Air Temperature: the highest reading taken during the day
Daily Minimum Air Temperature: the highest reading taken during the day
Relative Humidity (RH)
Sensor: HPM45C Vaisala AT/RH sensor
Scan Interval: 5 seconds
Instantaneous Hourly Relative Humidity: Recorded at the beginning of the hour
Hourly Maximum Relative Humidity: the highest reading taken during the previous hour
Hourly Minimum Relative Humidity: the lowest reading taken during the previous hour
Daily Average Relative Humidity: Average of the 24 hourly-average readings
Daily Maximum Relative Humidity: the highest reading taken during the day
Daily Minimum Relative Humidity: the lowest reading taken during the day
6
Saturation Vapor Pressure (SVP)
Sensor: Calculated value from AT/RH
Scan Interval: na
Instantaneous Hourly Saturation Vapor Pressure: Recorded at the beginning of the hour
Vapor Pressure (VP)
Sensor: Calculated value from AT/RH
Scan Interval: na
Instantaneous Hourly Vapor Pressure: Recorded at the beginning of the hour
Dew Point (DP)
Sensor: Calculated value from AT/RH
Scan Interval: na
Instantaneous Hourly Dew Point: Recorded at the beginning of the hour
CR1000 Battery Voltage (BV)
Sensor: CR10X
Scan Interval: 1 Hour
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous
CR1000 Solar Panel Voltage (SPV1)
Sensor: GWS Wiring Harness, CR10X
Scan Interval: 1 Hour
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous
Datalogger Panel Temperature (PT)
Sensor: Internal thermistor
Scan Interval: 1 Hour
Recording Interval: Hourly Instantaneous
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FTP Data Site Table:
Date/Time,Temp,DWPT,Wind,Gust,RH
Where, Temp is current temperature in degrees F, DWPT is Dew Point temperature in degrees
F, Wind is wind direction and speed in tenths of degrees and miles per hour, Gust is direction
and speed of of wind gust using same format for wind, RH is relative humidity as a percent
Definitions:
Scan interval = sampling duration = scan rate
Time of maximum or minimum values is not recorded
Sample reading = instantaneous reading
Beginning of the hour = top of the hour
Digital Measurement Examples:
Wind Speed = pulses are averaged at a high rate and measured in cycles per second, hertz
Tipping Bucket Precipitation = pulses are summed over the scanned interval and then totaled
for a reporting period
Analog Measurement Examples:
Soil Temperatures = a resistance is measured
Abbreviations:
AT
Air Temperature
Avg##
Average Value for Parameter over measurement period
BBT#
Battery Box Temperature
BV
Battery Voltage
DP
Dew Point
GS
Gust Speed
Max##
Maximum Value for Parameter over measurement period
Min##
Minimum Value for Parameter over measurement period
P
Summer Precipitation
Pb
Barometric Pressure
PT
Panel Temperature
RH
Relative Humidity
Rn
Net Radiation
SD
Snow Depth
SM#
Soil Moisture Profile
SPV1
Solar Panel Voltage
ST1
Soil Temperature 1, 1 cm depth
ST2
Soil Temperature 2, 1 cm depth
STP##
Soil Temperature Profile 1-12 thermistors
SVP
Saturated Vapor Pressure
VP
Vapor Pressure
WD
Wind Direction
WDSTD
Wind Direction Standard Deviation
WS
Wind Speed
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