Volunteer Stream Survey SOP for Stream Habitat Assessment
All materials should be read by all volunteers before going to the stream site. The habitat assessment effort expended at
the stream site will probably be around 40 minutes to an hour. The numbers in each section correspond to the sections
and numbers on the Volunteer Stream Survey Form.
Section 1: General Information
1.1
A representative stream reach (300 feet) should be surveyed to evaluate stream characteristics and habitat
quality. If the access point to the reach is a road crossing, then the assessment should be made while walking
300 feet upstream from the road crossing.
1.2
Write the stream name, site number, location, monitoring date, and the times you begin and end your monitoring
activities on this section of the stream survey form. Some of this may be already entered.
Section 2: Weather Conditions
2.1
Note current weather conditions, especially whether there has been any precipitation during the 5 days prior to
the survey. Measure the air temperature first, allowing several minutes for the thermometer to register an
accurate temperature. Measure the stream temperature second, allowing the thermometer to hang down into the
water in midstream for several minutes. You may want to take readings in several areas of the stream and then
average the values.
Section 3: Stream Habitat
3.1
Average stream width and depth: Stream width is the distance from the water’s edge on one side of the stream
to the other side. Take 3 measurements of width and depth at random points along the 300 foot long sampling
area (preferably in stable substrate), and average these values for the mean width and depth. If the stream is too
deep to take measurements, an estimate will suffice.
3.2
Surface water velocity: Mark off at least a 12 foot stretch between two points (accurate to 0.1 foot), using
landmarks or markers for the two points. Stand sideways several feet upstream of the first marker so you do not
interfere with the water flow. Place the orange in the water so that its momentum is constant by the time it
reaches the first marker. Using a stopwatch or second hand, determine the period of time it takes the orange to
move between the two points. Record the distance and the time on the data sheet and calculate the velocity for
the first test (example: 12 feet in 32 seconds = 12 / 32 = 0.375 ft. / sec.). Repeat this procedure at two other
locations in the sample area and average the three velocities.
3.3
Estimated Stream flow: Multiply the average width by the average depth by the water velocity. (Example: 3
feet wide x 2 feet deep x 0.375 feet / second = 2.25 cubic feet per second = 2.25 cfs)
3.4
Channelization: Note whether the stream segment being monitored has been channelized. Channelization is
indicated by long, straight stretches of stream without bends or meanders, and there may possibly be old spoil
piles present on one bank.
3.5
Dominant watershed soil type: Project coordinators will supply this information for you.
3.6
Water clarity / coloration and water odor: Examine the stream reach for any unusual color, odor, or trash
accumulations. To the extent possible, try to describe any unusual observations in these areas, for example, a
rotten eggs smell.
3.7
Trash: Look for debris in riparian (stream bank) vegetation. Such accumulations suggest how high the water
level can rise during storm events or spring runoff. This can be trash or grass and leaves, or other natural debris.
3.8
Substrate: Substrate composition ((stream bottom material - gravel, cobble or boulders) is a critical habitat
component in determining the benthic macroinvertebrates that will be present in the stream. Estimate the relative
abundance of various substrate types in the stream reach. The most abundant substrate type should receive a
rank of “1”, the next most abundant a rank of “2”, etc. If a substrate type is absent, do not put any mark next to
the type.
3.9
Siltation: If silt or sand is the dominant substrate, is it because of the absence of gravel and cobble, or does the
silt / sand cover the gravel / cobble? If it is the latter, answer “yes”. That is an indication of heavy siltation.
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Volunteer Stream Survey SOP for Stream Habitat Assessment
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3.10
Substrate embeddedness: This is related to question 3.9., and refers to the extent to which gravel, cobble, or
boulders are covered by fine material (silt or sand). The more embeddedness, the less surface area is exposed
to the water and available for colonization by invertebrates. Using your best judgement, indicate the extent to
which the gravel, cobble, or boulders are embedded. If no rocks are visible in the substrate, dig down a few
inches to see if the natural substrate is rocky. Your stream may be naturally sandy so no rocks will be present.
3.11
Riparian vegetation: The plants found along the side of a stream can have a profound effect on aquatic life.
Along the 300 foot stream segment, estimate the relative abundance of trees, shrubs, herbaceous (non-woody)
plants, grasses, and bare banks to a distance of 20 feet from the stream. The most abundant riparian vegetation
type should receive a rank of “1”, the next most abundant a rank of ”2”, etc. If a vegetation type is absent do not
put any mark next to the type.
3.12
Stream shading: Stand in the middle of the stream and look up. Approximately what percent of stream is
shaded by the vegetation?
3.13
Bank erosion: Extensive bank erosion can be a major source of sediment to a stream and have a big effect on
the aquatic life in that stream. Using your best judgement, note whether the extent of erosion is extensive,
moderate, or little.
3.14
Estimated width of riparian vegetation: It is also useful to know the width of the riparian vegetation corridor,
that is, the width of the vegetative strip stretching back from the stream. An estimation of the distance will suffice.
If the distance is greater than 100 feet, simply indicate “ > 100 feet ”.
3.15
Stream habitat: Riffles (shallow, rapid flow where the water surface “ripples”), runs (usually deeper than riffles,
with rapid smooth water flow), pools (deep, low flow), and eddies (backflowing areas, usually behind rocks or
logs) all provide different flows and habitat for various aquatic organisms. Indicate which of these habitats are
present in the 300-foot stream-segment.
3.16
Woody debris: Logs and woody debris in the stream can slow or divert water to provide important habitat for fish
and benthic invertebrates. Using your judgement, check the category on the form that best describes the amount
of wood in the stream reach.
3.17
Dams present: Note whether any dams are present in the stream reach, and indicate whether these are manmade or beaver dams / log jams.
3.18
Aquatic plants: While aquatic plants in the stream can serve as an excellent food source for aquatic organisms,
excessive plant growth is indicative of nutrient enrichment. Indicate if periphyton (algae tightly attached to solid
substrates, feels slippery), filamentous algae (long strands or “stringers” of algae attached to rocks and often
extending into the water column), and / or macrophytes (aquatic plants that are generally rooted, and submerged
under, floating on, or extending out from the water) are present in the stream reach. Note whether any of these
are extremely abundant, ie. if they constitute “nuisance” conditions.
3.19
Surrounding Land Use: Land use has a major influence on the character of streams. Estimate, as best you
can, the relative abundance of the various land use types listed on the survey form, that surround the stream
reach. The most abundant land use should receive a rank of “1”, the next most abundant a rank of “2”, etc. If a
land use type is absent, do not put any mark next to the type.
3.20
Obvious Pollution Sources: Note any obvious pollution sources that are visible and the approximate locations.
These can include both point and nonpoint sources. Indicate if there are signs of cows using or crossing the
stream.
3.21
Observation of fish or wildlife: Note and describe any signs of fish or other wildlife at your stream reach.
3.22
Other observations: Write any other pertinent observations. These may include the presence or signs of people
using the stream for recreation boating, swimming, fishing, or some unusual event or observation.
3.23
Photos: Project coordinators will attach upstream and downstream photographs of the stream reach to the form.