Arthropods – The “jointed appendage” animals
 The most _____________ and ______________________ animal group
 It is very hard to make statements about ALL of the creatures, but we can make generalizations about
MOST of the creatures
 Arthropod characteristics:
o
Organisms show prominent _____________________
o
Organisms have specialized _____________________. These vary by arthropod type, but are often
combined to form __________________. Most organisms have 2-3 tagmata. These are often called the
______________, _________________, and ___________________.
o
Organisms have jointed appendages, that are diversified to allow them to fill every niche (the
__________________ that a creature plays in an environment)
o
Organisms are supported by an ____________skeleton, made mostly of a nitrogen rich polysaccharide
(_______________________) called ________________________. This structure also serves as a
cuticle to prevent __________________ loss.
o

All exoskeletons vary, but are generally thinner around the joints and the segments.

Because of the exoskeleton, arthropods must ___________________ (shed their outer covering)

The exoskeleton ultimately limits _____________ also.
Many arthropods have complex behaviors that include ________________ organization.
They also show both innate and ________________ behaviors.
o
Most arthropods also have good ________________________
o
Many arthropods go through metamorphosis. There are 2 types:
o
Holometabolous metamorphosis occurs when the organism has completely different forms in
all parts of their lives. This is the type that ______________________ have. This type is good
because there is no _________________________ in the different stages of their lives
o
_________________=> _____________________ => pupa =>__________________________
o
Hemimetabolous metamorphosis occurs when the organism always looks the same, just
_____________________.
 ________________ => Nymph => ______________________. The organism may go through several nymph
sizes.
Subphylum Chelicerata
 All these organisms have _________ segments, with __________ pairs of appendages.
 They have _______ antennae, ______ mandibles, but generally do have _____ pair of chelicerae (pointed appendages to
grasp food that can be hollow for _____________) , ______ pair of pedipalps (larger appendages that resemble antenna) ,
and ______ pairs of walking legs
 Spiders are in a group called arachnids, along with ___________________________
 Spiders specifically, have the ability to create ____________________, although not all do.
 Webs are a____________________ liquid that hardens in contact with the air. It is one of the strongest fibers known to man.
They can be used for webs, but also for egg sacs, sperm transfer, nursery webs, etc.
 Dangerous spiders include the black widow, whose venom is a ____________________, the brown recluse, whose venom is
hemolytic (meaning _______________________________) and the Australian funnel web spider.
 Also in the chelicerata are scorpions – very few are dangerous to humans. Females give birth to live young and carry them
until their first __________________________
 Harvestman can easily lose and replace a ________________________
 Mites – feed mostly on detritus (____________________________) and have 1 segment with an attached mouth
 Ticks – second only to ________________________ as a disease vector.
Subphylum crustacean
 Have _____ pairs of antennae, ____ pair of mandibles (primary _____________), and ______ pair of maxilla
(______________ jaws) in the head Their legs are considered biramous, meaning that they split in _____________
 Notable members include ______________ bugs, also called pill bugs. These are the only terrestrial organism with
_______________________
 Copepods are small or microscopic organisms that are a major component of zooplankton
 Krill are “larger” organisms that are also considered zooplankton. They are notable as they are a major food source of many
_______________________________
 Crabs, shrimp, lobster and crayfish belong to a group called the decapods (meaning ______________________). The first pair
is often modified into a ____________________. Crabs differ in that they are often flatter and ________________________.
Subphylum Myriapoda
 Organisms in this group and have ______ pair of antennae, ____ pair of mandibles and ____________ pairs of maxilla. Their
legs are uniramous
 Centipedes are ____________________________ which live in moist places. They have flattened bodies with 2 simple eyes.
Their segments contain ____ pair of legs, except for the first 2 and last. They also have _____________ pinchers to kill prey
 Millipedes are __________________. They have more ______________ bodies, with mostly ____ pairs of legs per segment.
Class Insecta
 This group has more species that all of the other species of _____________________ combined
 There are estimated to be over 1 ________________ species, with many more still to be discovered
 Organisms in this group have ____________ pairs of legs and 2 pairs of _____________________
 They generally are made up of 3 tagmata:
 The head generally contains ______________________ eyes, antennae and a mouth
 The thorax contain the legs and the _________________________
o
Wings are double membrane structures with _______________ for strength. They are specific by species and can
be used for __________________________________
 Most insects undergo __________________________. There are 2 types:
o
Holometabolous metamorphosis occurs when the organism has completely different forms in all parts of
their lives. This is the type that ______________________ have. This type is good because there is no
_________________________ in the different stages of their lives
o
_________________=> _____________________ => pupa =>__________________________
o
Hemimetabolous metamorphosis occurs when the organism always looks the same, just _____________________.
o
________________ => Nymph => ______________________. The organism may go through several nymph sizes
 Many insects have complex social organizations, some with a __________________ system (you are born into a job and
cannot change)
 Insects benefit us by _________________________________________________________________________
 Insects can be harmful by ____________________________________________________________________