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1
Introduction
1.1
Occasion of the report
In June 2008 TKB Southgate Associates were appointed to carry out a historic
landscape characterisation (HLC) of Clones Town. The project is an action of the
Monaghan County Heritage Plan, 2006-2012, with the support of Monaghan County
Council and the Heritage Council.
1.2
Aims
The aim of the project is to identify the unique character, landscape and historic core
of the town so that it can be understood and so that regeneration can be undertaken
in a way which enhances the distinctive qualities of the town. HLC is a tool
developed to identify the special character of a given area and its landscape using a
set of criteria and survey methods. It is not uniquely concerned with ornamental or
designed landscapes, nor does it deal uniquely with archaeology or architecture but
rather the changes in the landscape and its uses, that create different layers over time.
This HLC is not a historical account of the development of the Clones Town. There
already exists a wealth of scholarly sources on the history of Clones and its heritage.
The emphasis of the HLC is the visual analysis of the town as it is today, and the
1
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assessment of how the remains of each layer of development contribute to its
character.
1.3
Context
This process is particularly suitable for Clones, given its unique collection of early
monuments, its pristine landscape setting which defines and complements the
manmade settlement, and the upstanding remains of the 18th and 19th century market
town.
This project is being carried out further to the built heritage survey of the Ulster
Canal and the Great Northern Railway, also actions of the County Heritage Plan, and
in anticipation of the re-opening of the canal in the near future. Generally, there is a
great awareness of the special character of the town which is recognised in the Town
and County Development Plans and the Clones Regeneration Strategy. Community
initiatives undertaken by the Clones Regeneration Partnership and the Clones
Community Forum are also imbued with a strong sense of the town’s heritage and
history. This context will be discussed in chapter twos.
1.4
Methodology
The first part of the study consisted of desk-based research, studying existing
historical sources, policy documentation, the Record of Monuments and Places, the
Record of Protected Structures, the Landscape Character Assessment of Co.
Monaghan and historical maps. Fieldwork was carried out over four days by a team
of three. On-site work consisted of the completion of a Rapid Building Survey of
the historic core of the town, as indicated in the 1907 OS Map, view analysis, and
field-walking to assess the archaeological potential of the town. A public meeting
was also held in the Cassandra Hand Centre to raise awareness of the project and to
look for public contributions to the project.
The Rapid Building Survey is contained in the appendix and serves as a database for
the characterisation of the town. View analysis was also incorporated into the
2
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designation and assessment of the different character areas. The archaeological
potential of the town is outlined in chapter five and the potential of each of the areas
is included in the detailed description of the nine individual character areas,
contained in chapter seven. A summary of the public consultation is included in the
appendix.
1.5
Outcome
Having examined the physical character of the town and studied its historical
development, it was possible to define nine separate character areas. Each area
coincides with a phase or layer in the evolution of the town. The strengths and
weaknesses of each of the individual character areas has been considered and specific
recommendations made in respect of each.
On the basis of an appreciation of the town’s individual and overall character, as well
as the issues concerning its future development, it was possible to make a set of
recommendations for heritage-led regeneration in Clones.
1.6
Structure of the report
The report is broken down into three main sections. The first section, chapters two
and three, considers the context in which the HLC is being carried out, including
existing policies and initiatives, and why Clones is of interest. A lot of work has been
done on the regeneration of the town and area, and the different initiatives and
polices have been integrated consistently. A summary of significance considers the
importance of Clones under a number of headings. This is based largely upon the
considerable historical information known and published on the town, and partly on
the findings of the project.
The second section deals more with an assessment of the town’s heritage, as
archaeology, as its general character and then as proposed individual character areas.
Character is defined and the attributes of each area described. Given the aim of the
3
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study which is to assist in the regeneration of Clones, specific issues and challenges
are considered in each section.
In the final section, recommendations are given based upon an understanding of the
town’s character so as to promote the regeneration of the town in a way that
enhances and protects its heritage assets. Existing Town Plan objectives are assessed
and new recommendations are made in respect of tourism.
The appendix contains details of the public consultation undertaken as part of the
project, the RMP and map analysis. The results of a baseline study to establish a
database on the built heritage of the town are contained in a separate volume,
entitled ‘Rapid Building Survey’.
4
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2
Context and Background
2.1
Historic landscapes
There is a growing awareness of the importance of landscape in the interpretation
and appreciation of our heritage. Increasingly, landscapes are considered culturally as
well as environmentally. In this approach landscapes may be ‘read’ and the different
layers held within the landscape interpreted like a palimpsest. In practice, this means
that sites, be they monuments or settlements along with the natural heritage values of
the landscape, are no longer assessed individually or even by chronology but as
awhole. In this way, the qualities of assemblage, composition, evolution, inhabitation
and use inform the characterisation of a given landscape.
Historic landscape
characterisation has been developed as the means of applying this approach.
2.2
Policy framework
In each of the main policy documents referring to the development of Clones Town
the pressing challenges of a declining population and lack of economic growth are
underlined and addressed.
Equally strong, however, is the recognition and
understanding of the town’s special landscape and heritage character. This is an
approach that integrates the desire to conserve and enhance the town’s heritage with
the objectives of sustainable development.
5
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The Clones Regeneration Strategy was published in 2001 and since that time a
number of significant actions have been put in place along with significant
investment. These include repaving of the Diamond and Fermanagh Street, the
construction of the new County Library Headquarters, a new business technology
park, two new schools and a new fire station.
Chapter four of the Monaghan County Development Plan, 2007-2013, contains very
detailed objectives to protect the landscape, traditional boundaries and woodland.
The objectives for the architectural and built heritage are comprehensive dealing with
setting, street layout, traditional plot widths, re-use of historic buildings and the
encouragement of quality new architectural projects. The section on archaeological
heritage establishes the importance of the setting of monuments and the
interrelationship of sites as well as best practice for new public service schemes.
Clones Town Development Plan, 2007-2013, establishes a policy framework for the
town, incorporating many of the principles set out in the Regeneration Strategy. It
includes detailed policies for the protection of heritage, town centre development
and tourism. There are 43 structures designated as Protected Structures and three
Architectural Conservation Areas.
The Landscape Characaterisation of Co. Monaghan, carried out as part of the County
Development Plan, identifies Clones Town as an urban area and its surrounding
countryside as undulating farmland of which the key characteristics are ‘a patchwork
of predominantly medium sized fields defined typically by native species hedgerows
and used for pasture’. It states that Clones is
‘… located in an elevated hilltop setting overlooking the surrounding
countryside and its two churches which are located on opposite hills provide a
prominent landmark within this area. ... Remnants of a dismantled railway line
present as prominent built features in localised pockets of this landscape. Parts
of the dismantled Ulster Canal area also present in this landscape although in its
current overgrown state this feature is relatively inconspicuous.’ (ERM, 2007)
6
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An analysis of field boundaries and divisions in the surrounding countryside indicates
that a significant part of the network of historic field boundaries survives (Map 3).
This was done by comparing the current aerial view of the town and its surrounds
with the 1907 and 1947 OS Maps.
2.3
Community & cross-border initiatives
Within Clones community ongoing initiatives and partnerships serve to reinforce the
identity of the town and its heritage assets. This has been one of the aspects of the
work of the Clones Community Forum, e.g., the creation of a town heritage trail and
the training of heritage guides in the town. The Clones Erne East Partnership
reconnects Clones to its natural hinterland in east Co. Fermanagh and has
undertaken a number of projects such as the Social History Collective,
Reminiscences Project, ‘Making the Most of Our Water’, and designing an online
interactive map of the area. Interestingly, this map, along with the Parish of Clones
map is the only one that places Clones in its historical geographical context.
Every year, Heritage Week continues to provide an opportunity for lectures and
tours of the town as well as once-off events such as the Big Sketch. This year the
Big Sketch took place in the new County Library when artists based in the locality
created images inspired by the town’s heritage using a variety of media. Postcards
were then printed of the outcome.
7
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3
Summary of Significance of Clones Town
3.1
Landscape
Clones town is set in pristine rural countryside with undulating fields bordered by
hedgerows and interspersed with occasional pockets of native woodland and lake.
There are two principal characteristics of this landscape. The first is that it retains
the traditional scale of field size and hedgerow boundary which is becoming
increasingly rare as the landscape is changing as a result of the intensification of
agriculture. The second is the contour of the landscape, as one hill gives way to
another, resulting in a horizon that is always close.
The natural landscape setting of the town lends itself to showing off Clones’ unique
assemblage of monuments and its special architectural character. Equally, the town’s
position on a hill provides several vantage points from which to appreciate the
surrounding countryside.
This has resulted in planned effects, such as the siting of the two main churches in
the town, and unplanned effects such as the wealth of prospects within the town of
historic streetscape and roofline, tree borders and clusters, and glimpses out to the
countryside.
8
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The character of the landscape setting – its natural contour, fertile soil and lakes - has
determined significant land use in Clones over its history, from the presence of early
farming enclosures, the Liserggton crannóg, to the siting of St Tiernach’s monastery
in the 6th century and the later development of the Plantation town on the hill in the
17th century. The location of the 19th century railway and canal was also determined
by town’s morphology.
Figure 1 View of Clones Town and its steeples
3.2
Archaeology & art-historical
Clones town contains a unique assemblage of Early Christian and post-medieval
monuments and earthworks, both in terms of their quality and number. Part of the
character of this assemblage is the largely preserved setting of monuments within the
scale of the town. This may be seen in the Early Christian round tower, ‘Wee Abbey’
and graveyards, which retain a comparatively significant space within the modern
town. It is often the case that in other urban areas such remains are fragmentary and
below ground.
The conservation of the Anglo-Norman motte and bailey and a significant part of its
original setting is probably even more impressive, contributing to the essential
character of the town and its best views. This setting, with appropriate protection of
the site, offers huge potential in terms of, both visitor and residential amenity.
9
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The town’s character as a 17th century Plantation town is visible in the presence of a
‘diamond’ and the remains of the Church of Ireland graveyard wall.
The
development proper of the town occurred after 1700.
An analysis of the first edition OS Map indicates that the core of the town has
remained relatively unchanged and intact since that time. Texts suggest that the core
of the town may have been largely in place by 1750.
The intact state of both the
street layouts and building stock is significant.
The construction of the Great Northern Railway line and the Ulster Canal in the
mid-19th century has contributed an important industrial archaeology legacy to the
town in terms of upstanding remains (buildings) and earthworks.
In terms of architectural history, a number of landmark buildings and sites are
important as examples of particular styles and also represent the aspirations and
prosperity of the town in the 19th century. These include
 12th century Hiberno-Romanesque
 Large 18th century townhouses
 Early 19th century ‘Gothick’ in St Tiernach’s Church
 Gothic Revival in St Joseph’s Church, Presbyterian Church,
Butter Yard & suburban villas
 Victorian Classical Revival in the Market House, Courthouse
& Bank of Ireland
 Victorian Arts and Crafts housing such as the terraces in the Diamond
 Fin-de-Siècle/Art Noveau-style in the Tower Bar shopfront
 Edwardian Tudor Revival in St Joseph’s Hall
 1940s-60s Art Deco in the shopfronts of Fermanagh Street
 21st century projects such as the County Library & Largy College
10
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In terms of town planning Clones is important for a number of reasons. These
include:

The evolution and morphology of the town

the conservation of its historic fabric, layout and routes

The presence of attractive skylines and panoramas

Features shared with other Ulster Plantation towns such as the presence of a
‘diamond’ & prominence of the Church steeple

The visibility of different layers of the town
All of these items establish the importance of Clones, not only on a county or
regional level but at a national level.
3.3
Geographic
The relationship of Clones town to its hinterland was affected by the Troubles but it
is important in appreciating the character of the town and reasons for its
development. In particular, its hinterland in east Fermanagh is effectively denied by
the administrative border of the county and the political border between the two
states.
3.4
Historic
The experience of the Great Famine in Clones is like a microcosm of the national
experience. Paradoxically, it was an area acutely affected with a huge mortality rate,
while simultaneously continuing as a prosperous market town.
Clones is of interest as a town deeply affected by the partition of Ireland in 1926.
This is one of the defining characteristics of the town.
3.5
Social and Cultural
Ulster GAA and Clones are synonymous for many people. St Tighearnach’s Park is
a significant presence in the town and the crowds associated with provincial
championship matches are an important dimension of the experience of Clones.
11
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The town has an ongoing association with the sport of boxing, producing a number
of international figures.
Clones lace is a unique heritage to the town, representing an artistic legacy that
emerged in response at a time of dire need.
The town has always had a dual tradition of religious worship with historic evidence
suggests that both groups have lived and worked in the town since the 17th century.
Aspects of the history and character of the town and its hinterland have been
captured by two prominent literary figures in the recent past, Eugene McCabe and
Pat McCabe.
Finally, the people of the area have an awareness of its historical legacy and qualities.
Initiatives of the past ten years have developed community capacity to progress
development of the area.
12
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4
General Character of the Town
4.1
Introduction
Today, Clones is a country town on the Fermanagh-Monaghan Border, poised on
two hills overlooking undulating farmland.
The form of the town is relatively tight around its two hills. The town is, and always
has been, defined by its role as a crossroads in the south Ulster region with roads
crossing to nearly all points of the compass. It is also clear that in the past the town
has experienced greater prosperity and stature than today. This may be seen in the
quality, type, size and arrangement of buildings and monuments in the town.
The town retains its predominantly civic and institutional centre at the Diamond with
commercial and retail activity located on Fermanagh Street. The heart of the town
may be said to be the Diamond with important pulses points at the ‘Wee Abbey’ and
round tower, the fort, the Butter Yard on Fermanagh Street and the Sacred Heart
Church on Church Hill.
4.2
Development over time
Clones or Cluain Eois – the meadow of the height, has been settled since the earliest
times with farming ongoing in the area for the past 2000 years. The first organized
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communal settlement occurred in the 6th century with the founding of St. Tiernach’s
monastery. From that time, the historic evolution of the town may be divided into
five main periods; the monastic settlement, the Plantation town, the market town and
the border town up to the current phase in the town’s development which is postBorder and regenerative.
4.21
The monastic settlement
St Tiernach’s monastery became an important foundation and centre for learning in
the south Ulster region from the time of its foundation in the 6th century. The
Abbey containing the round tower and sarcophagus of the saint is a visible reminder
of this layer of the town’s history. With the arrival of the Anglo-Normans in the 12th
century, came the Augustinian rule and the creation of SS Peter and Paul’s Church or
the ‘Wee Abbey’ to the east of the round tower. The Normans constructed a fort on
the hill opposite the monastic site which consisted of a motte and bailey. Although
this was destroyed shortly afterwards, the remains of the fort in its original landscape
setting is quite unusual.
Figure 2 Detail of 1840 OS Map with monuments inscribed
With the Dissolution of the Monasteries, 1536-41, the monastery was dissolved and
the lands associated with it passed on to Sir Frances Rushe. Through marriage, the
abbey lands eventually became the property of Sir Robert Loftus in the 17th century
and the Lennard-Barret family in the 19th century. As well as the tower and 12th
14
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century church remains, the high cross and St Tierney’s Well are important symbols
of the town’s Early Christian and medieval past.
4.2.2
The Plantation town
The second layer in the town’s evolution is its history and character as a plantation
town. After the Battle of Kinsale in 1601, it was possible to begin the Plantation of
Ulster with settlers from England and Scotland. Clones was deemed a suitable for
such a settlement and so the town began with permission to hold markets granted in
1623. A planter’s castle was built on the east of the Diamond and town defences
were established. The 1641 Rebellion saw a massacre of settlers in the town and
resulted in many leaving to settle elsewhere. The 17th century was a particularly
turbulent period in Clones’ history with rebellion, Cromwell and the Glorious
Revolution at the end of the century.
While the native Irish lived along side settlers, there was ongoing tension between
the two groups and much upheaval. This is the start of a dual religious tradition in
the town and waves of migration into and out of the town. This tradition is reflected
in the number of religious places of worship in the town as well as meeting halls. A
feature of the Planter legacy is the wealth of graveyard headstones in the town’s
oldest graveyards. The comparison of these headstones with equivalents in New
England and other parts of Colonial America has been the subject of a major
archaeological study.
4.2.3
The development of the market town
The beginning of the 18th century provided the political stability and economic
prosperity to allow the development of Irish towns and cities as we know them
today. Clones’ character as a prosperous market town may be attributed to its
development over the 150 year period up to 1850. It retained this character for
nearly 100 more years until the effects of the Border took their toll on the town.
15
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Figure 3 Detail of the 1907 OS Map showing the historic town core
In the case of Clones, prosperity was enabled by the agricultural ‘improvements’
(crop rotations, liming, manuring, etc.) of the 18th century. The town became an
important provisions and linen centre. The activities associated with this may be
seen in the historic OS maps with cattle pens on the Fair Green at Analore Street,
within the railway station precinct as well as the butter market on Fermanagh Street
and the pork market opposite the railway station. Indeed, John Wesley’s 1775
impression of ‘a pleasant town, finely situated on rising ground in the midst of
fruitful hills ...’ is reflected in the illustration of Clones held in the National Library.
The view is some thirty years earlier than Wesley’s comment but it has a clear
emphasis on the tilled, productive fields many of which bear the mark of the plough
in their ridge and furrows.
Figure 4 1741 Illustration of Clones Town, National Library
16
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In terms of the physical development of the town, Fermanagh Street, Analore Street,
White (McCurtain) Street, Pound (Church) Hill and were partially developed by
1770. By 1800 the Diamond was levelled, Pound Hill lowered and the Monaghan
Road built. By 1850 the town had two banks, two hotels, a new Market House, a
new Court House, a brewery, foundry and flour mills. The canal connecting Lough
Erne to Lough Neagh was also built by that time. A new Church of Ireland was built
in 1822, a new Methodist meeting house in 1817, and a new Presbyterian Church in
1854. By 1840 the town had a population of nearly 2900 and over 400 houses. The
railway came to Clones in the 1850s
The economic prosperity and ongoing development of the town throughout this
period is in stark contrast to the devastation caused by Great Famine. A Poor Law
Union Workhouse was built in 1842 to house 600 paupers, at the height of the
famine 2,500 people were held there. The population decrease in the aftermath of
the famine in the Clones Parish Union is similar to that of Co. Monaghan generally
which was about 30%. A cholera epidemic also hit the town in 1834. The impact of
these losses is nearly imperceptible in the physical landscape of the town and its
hinterland, however, if one is to interpret landscapes as inhabited then such episodes
must also be part of the character of the landscape.
4.2.4
The border town
Another important layer in the town’s character was its status as a border town
between Partition in 1926, and the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. Customs posts
became a feature of the landscape and while the town enjoyed some continuity of
prosperity with its traditional agricultural and industrial activities, it was the onset of
the Troubles in 1970s which caused the ultimate decline in the town’s fortunes. The
railway closed in the late 1950s and employment became increasingly scarce.
Between 1979 and 2006, the town has lost a startling 41% of its population. This has
left a huge scar on the character of the town. Pollack (2007) notes that the Boundary
Commission recorded Clones as one of the most prosperous towns in the region but
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that in the course of the Troubles, 45 businesses closed and the town was twice
bombed.
Figure 5 Detail from 1947 OS Map with Custom’s Post near Border
The Border left Clones cornered and isolated. The British Army cratered three of
the four roads out of the town. The term used to describe the Border, generally, as
the ‘Emerald Curtain’ would seem particularly apt for Clones in its green setting and
in having a curtain temporarily drawn on the town for nearly 30 years.
4.2.4
Clones in the 21st century
Today, Clones has made significant progress in moving on from its period as a
border town. The result of initiatives to regenerate and improve the town centre
have had a big impact. The town is being reconnected with its natural hinterland in
Fermanagh and the transition from one jurisdiction to the other is hardly perceptible.
A new County Library, technology park and schools as well as the repaving of the
main streets of the town serve to lift the impression of the town and inspire
confidence.
In some ways, the lack of development in the town for such a long period has had
the result of preserving it in a way incomparable with other Irish towns possessing
suc an assemblage of monuments and built heritage. The landscape setting of the
town has also been largely preserved. This is in no way to recommend a museum
effect for the town which must continue to be used and enjoyed as a market centre
with important cultural associations. Clones is now in a position to plan for its
18
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ongoing sustainable development, balancing the desire to conserve and benefit from
its heritage assets while encouraging the town’s regeneration.
4.3
Issues
The challenges to maintain and increase population, and to regenerate the town’s
economy are the biggest issues for the town. Dereliction and vacancies reflect the
loss of both the town’s traditional population base and its traditional business base.
A number of independent retailers remain in the town. Some concern has been
expressed that Fermanagh Street continues to lose its retail variety with public houses
and betting shops far out-numbering any other kind of business on the street.
The creation of a new retail base along ’98 Avenue which is to connect, via lanes, to
the traditional commercial axis of the town, is likely to revitalise this aspect of the
town. However, the zoning of two strips along the Monaghan Road for retail could
well have a detrimental effect on town centre business, as has been the case in many
Irish towns where out-of-town retail units tend to move business out of the
traditional commercial core.
Traffic through the town currently detracts from the environmental and amenity
value of the historic landscape. It is also a safety concern. To this end the proposed
by-pass is most welcome. Some consideration to the impact of the proposed by-pass
route should be given in the light of this historic landscape characterisation and
recommendations.
The tourism potential of the town is still underdeveloped. Even though there are
many reasons to visit Clones, there is little to do and few places to stay.
Efforts
have been made to connect Clones into the existing tourism infrastructure of Co.
Fermanagh and Co. Cavan with the creation of marked walks and cycling trails.
Ideally, the town should be ready for greater visitor numbers when the Ulster Canal
is re-opened so that the opportunities afforded by its reopening will not be missed.
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5
Archaeological potential
5.1
Introduction
The archaeological landscape of Clones is a visible manifestation the town’s rich
history and as such has significant potential. It is made up of both buried and upstanding remains. Recorded archaeological remains in the hinterland of Clones date
from the prehistoric period to the 18th century, while remains in the present-day
town date from the Early Christian period to the 19th century.
5.2
Legislative framework and designations
The Record of Monuments and Places has recorded sixteen sites in five different
townlands in, and around, Clones. These are listed and described in the appendix.
Three of the monuments, the round tower, SS Peter and Paul, and the high cross are
National Monuments.
This affords each a buffer zone of 20 metres.
monument, the Liseggerton crannóg is a Registered Monument.
One
th
A 17 site is
recorded on the RMP in the area of the old railway station as ‘redundant.
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While only the National Monuments have a statutory buffer zone, the standard
practice in assessing archaeological potential is to consider a buffer zone of 20
metres away from the centre of the circle of most sites1.
Figure 6 RMP Map for Clones
Furthermore, in a town such as Clones which includes a concentration of multiple
sites within one small area, it is generally understood that the archaeological potential
of the area is significantly increased. For this reason the RMP map is included in the
appendix and an additional map has been drafted to indicate areas of archaeological
sensitivity for the purposes of this survey. The area of archaeological sensitivity is
intended to identify what would be understood as the greater area of archaeological
potential in the town. It also covers the 19th century industrial archaeology which
does not have any statutory protection.
Both the Clones Town Plan and the County Plan contain objectives and guidance for
the protection of the archaeological heritage. The Town Plan policy could be revised
to address the issue of the extent of the archaeological potential and for development
assessments. This would have implications for monitoring, testing and excavation.
A review of the National Monuments is currently taking place which is likely to consider the increased
protection of the setting of monuments and the idea of archaeological landscapes.
1
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5.3
Chronology and monument type
Earthworks and enclosures which have a date range from prehistory to pre-1700,
have been recorded in Altartate Glebe, Largy and Clonboy, while a crannóg has been
identified in a boggy area of Ramages Lough, in the townland of Liseggerton.
Crannógs also have a wide date range and are known to have been constructed from
the 6th to the 17th century. The townland of Crossmoyle, which includes part of
Clones town as it exists today, contains visible up-standing archaeological remains.
The nature and extent of the remains indicate three separate phases of development
to the south, south-west and south-east of the Diamond.
These phases of
development include an Early Christian ecclesiastical settlement, an Anglo-Norman
fortification and 17th century town defences.
Early Christian monuments include a round tower, St Tiernach’s sarcophagus –
house-shaped shrine, a high cross, an inscribed stone and a graveyard (now bisected
by McCurtain Street).
The Anglo-Norman fabric of the present-day town comprises a motte and bailey, SS
Peter and Paul’s Church and a souterrain. A well dedicated to St Tiernach is likely to
have been in use since medieval times in this area, however, today its location is
uncertain.
Remains of the Plantation town may be found in the graveyard wall surrounding St.
Tiernach’s church which is thought to date to the 17th century. The remains of the
Plantation castle were found recently when the Credit Union was being constructed.
This was built as part of the town’s defences. It is thought to have included a mural
tower and is also a recorded monument. Previously, it was thought that this was
located near the site of the motte and bailey, being designated as ‘site of’ in the RMP.
5.4
Later archaeology
A further phase of the town’s development is represented by the existing historic
fabric of the town. These buildings date from late-18th century houses and 19th
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century redbrick terraces, to more imposing structures such as the former Market
House, dating to 1844, or the 1840s Court House. The built heritage of the town
closely reflects its physical and economic development as it expanded from the Early
Christian core.
The 19th century expansion of Clones is reflected by the railway, the canal and the
other undesignated industrial archaeological remains.
To the north part of the
town’s industrial heritage is situated between Fermanagh Street and Church Hill.
The 1907 OS Map shows the original extent of this industrial area, which included
the butter market, pork market, railway station building, engine and goods sheds,
numerous level crossings and cattle pens.
Some of the earthworks and the buildings associated with the railway, the canal and
the provisions trade have started to fall into disrepair or become overgrown. The
former pork market is currently for sale. However, a section of the railway platform
and four engine sheds are extant as well as a care-taker’s cottage and workers’
housing to the west of Fitzpatrick Square which are still in good condition.
Interestingly, the local mart is held in the previous location of the cattle pens on the
Roslea Road, reflecting some continuity in the general use of space.
On the south side of the town, the Canal Stores have been conserved and are now
open as a museum for Clones lace, a café and other educational uses. Earlier
editions of the OS map indicate a brewery, gas works and a saw mill in the Analore
street area.
5.5
Excavations and development to date
Limited investigation of the underground archaeology of Clones has been
undertaken. Two test-trenches have been excavated on Cara Street and one has been
excavated on the Diamond. Even though the test-trench on Cara Street did not
uncover anything of archaeological significance, the other trench revealed a shallow
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17th century ditch, thought to be associated with the expansion and development of
Clones at that time.
Test-trenching in the Diamond uncovered a 19th century drain and what appears to
be part of the 17th century walls of Clones Castle. The walls that were revealed have
been recorded by an information plaque located in the car-park of the Credit Union.
The kinds of infrastructural and private development that are usually preceded by
archaeological excavation have been largely absent in the Clones area. Even though,
in the greater Clones area under-development has resulted in a deficiency of
knowledge regarding potential Mesolithic/Neolithic settlement in the area, it creates
an almost pristine archaeological landscape, which should be treated sensitively.
5.6
Issues
There is a particular danger that, with the exception of the Ulster Canal, the
industrial archaeology of Clones will be significantly eroded. Indeed there is an
immediate danger that the 19th century pork market will be lost, as the site that it
occupies has been offered for sale. Archaeology is not a renewable resource and
although 20th and 21st century society will form the archaeological remains of the
future, the preservation of an intact archaeological record is the responsibility of
every town.
Opportunities for recording the internal features of the town’s historic buildings
should be sought prior to refurbishment or alteration and the necessity of recording
the historic buildings should be incorporated in planning conditions.
5.7
Increasing the information on and enjoyment of the archaeological resource
The abundance and nature of the archaeological remains in, and around, Clones
represents a much greater resource for the town than a limited interpretation of the
RMP maps. Further investigation of the archaeological heritage of Clones could
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involve the participation of local history groups under the supervision of an
archaeologist.
The Famine burial acre or the ‘Bully acre’, also on the Scotshouse Road, is a good
example of the sensitive commemoration of an historic event, without disturbing the
archaeological landscape.
Overall, the number of graveyards in Clones and its
hinterland represents a key constraint in terms of archaeological potential and the
area surrounding the graveyards should be treated with the utmost sensitivity. In
many ways the number and variety of graveyards in the town add a significant
commemorative aspect to the landscape.
Figure 7 Commemorative artwork at the ‘Bully Acre’
This type of commemoration promotes awareness of the buried archaeology of
Clones and complements the knowledge of the upstanding remains of the town by
connecting the underground archaeology with the clearly visible above-ground
archaeology.
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6
6.1
Individual Character Areas
Introduction
A discussion of each of the nine character areas follows. Each has been defined,
assessed in terms of views, landscape setting and landmark buildings within the area.
Archaeology is considered as well as current environmental issues such as traffic,
overhead wiring and dereliction, where applicable. Recommendations are made at
the end of each section. Obviously, each section will not necessarily have the same
archaeological potential or environmental issues, for this reason the discussion
devoted to each varies accordingly.
6.2
Character Area 1
Monastic/Early Christian Clones
Figure 8 180° panorama of the Abbey graveyard with the round tower and rear of the court house
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6.2.1
Definition
This area is made up of the remains of St Tiernach’s monastic foundation which was
the main settlement at Clones for nearly 1000 years. Today, it is artificially divided in
two sites, into the Abbey and the ‘Wee Abbey’, by the subsequent development of
the town. However, it is likely that the original area encompassed both abbeys and,
indeed, extended beyond them.
The area is defined by the Ball Alley crossing over McCurtain Street to the ‘Wee
Abbey’ and backing onto Analore Street. It is located on the southern and south
western slope of the town, behind the Diamond. This is a very attractive setting for
the fine assemblage of monuments interspersed with mature specimen trees,
bounded by traditional stone walls and looking onto the rolling countryside which
appears quite near. It is characterised by the Early Christian remains of the round
tower, SS Peter and Paul’s Church, and both graveyard settings which gives a green
quality to the area. The predominant texture and colour is stone.
6.2.2
Views
There are a number of important views within this area. There is only one that
includes both the round tower and SS Peter and Paul’s Church. From within the
Abbey graveyard a 360˚ view shows rear views of McCurtain Street and the
Diamond; the courthouse, the surrounding countryside and the Cassandra Hand
Centre. Equally, the west side of the ‘Wee Abbey’ makes an attractive composition
with the east facing terraces on McCurtain Street, located opposite. The approach to
the Ball Alley from Cara Street is attractive with the combination of stone buildings
and mature trees.
Within the area, there are two national monuments; the round tower and SS Peter
and Paul’s Church. The Cassandra Hand Centre would probably rate as of regional
importance in a National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) evaluation.
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Figure 9 View from the ‘Wee Abbey’ with the round tower in the distance
Both the abbey sites have been zoned for ‘civic/community/education uses’. The
‘Wee Abbey’, the round tower and St Tiernach’s sarcophagus have been listed as
structures of national importance in the RPS.
The Cassandra Hand Centre
(schoolhouse and outbuilding) are protected as being of regional importance.
‘Higher density housing’ has been provided for around both sites.
6.2.3
Issues
The main environmental issue affecting this area is traffic and the impact of HGVs,
particularly, on the short road connecting Analore Street to McCurtain Street. The
southern section of the new by-pass should address this. The unfinished extension
to the hotel to the north of the ‘Wee Abbey’ is unsightly as is part of the landscaping
treatment in the recent housing scheme close to the round tower. In the first
instance, unfinished cement plaster and exposed cement blocks overlook the ‘Wee
Abbey’ graveyard. In the second case, electricity poles and grisellinia hedging have
been located surprisingly close to the edge of the round tower.
6.2.4
Archaeology
A collection of Early Christian monuments are located to the south of the Diamond
and have been recorded by the Record of Monuments and Places. This collection
comprises a round tower (MO 011-010002), dating to the tenth century and thought
to have been used as a bell tower; an altar tomb (MO 011-010004), situated in the
possible location of the altar of a now-demolished church; a Roman Catholic
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cemetery (MO 011-010003) (which became two cemeteries when it was bisected by
McCurtain Street); and SS Peter and Paul’s Church, founded by the Augustinians
when the Anglo-Normans arrived in the twelfth century (MO 011-010001).
Figure 10 The ‘Wee Abbey’ and graveyard
6.2.5
Recommendations
The archaeological potential of the two sites and their surrounding areas is huge.
There is also a need to preserve the setting by not introducing obtrusive elements to
it such as large buildings, buildings that stand out for lack of sympathy of scale, finish
or detail and the landscaping of schemes also. For instance, when buildings come up
for sale in key sites such as the corner of the Ball Alley and McCurtain Street, it
should be clear that the treatment of this building will impact on two important sites.
Consideration should be given to connecting the two sites through the use of
distinctive paving.
This area was seen to highlight the asset that is the grey and purple texture of rear
plaster finishes and pitched slate roofs of buildings on McCurtain Street and the
Diamond. Care should be taken to protect these views. As well as connecting the
two abbey sites there is also a case for creating a path around one or both that leads
up to the Diamond as part of a tourist/visitor trail.
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6.3
Character Area 2
The motte and bailey/Anglo-Norman
Figure 11 Panorama from Carn Gardens with Motte and bailey in the centre
6.3.1
Definition
This area consists of the main hill of Clones town and includes three important
landmarks in the town’s historical landscape. These are the remains of the motte and
bailey fort and the remains of the Plantation town’s defensive walls abutting St
Tiernach’s graveyard. This area is almost completely green in character, located west
of Fermanagh Street and north of Cara Street. The survival of the earthworks in
such a pristine landscape setting is hugely significant. This area defines Clones in its
essence with its monuments, landscape values and views.
The motte and bailey was built in the 13th century by the Normans but attacked very
shortly afterwards and demolished. The Church of Ireland church was subsequently
located to the east of the fort as the Plantation town developed. The illustration of
1741 shows the schematic form of both the circular contour of the motte and the
raised ground of the bailey. Ridge and furrow is marked on the fields running right
up to the monument.
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Figure 12 Detail from 1741 Illustration showing motte and bailey
6.3.2
Views
The hump of the hill that contains the monuments forms part of one of the main
perspectives of the town from the north which include the rise of houses on
Fermanagh Street, St Tiernach’s steeple and the green area to the rear. The trees on
top of the site have only been in place since the 1950’s. Views from the mound
reinforce the town as an urban space in close proximity to pristine countryside.
The landscape setting for this area is the principal hill upon which the town of
Clones was founded and developed. Amazingly, this has stayed clear over time and
is completely preserved with trees sitting on the site of the motte and part of the
landscape preserved by its use as a graveyard. The remainder of the hill is used for
grazing with appropriate protection in place for the monuments. The brow of this
hill is a good point from which to appreciate the surrounding countryside.
6.3.3
Archaeology
This area has significant archaeological potential in the form upstanding and buried
remains. These include recorded monuments in the form of an Anglo-Norman
motte and bailey (MO 011-008001) and the possible remains of a seventeenth
century castle (MO 011008002). A souterrain has also been recorded in the same
location (MO 011-008003). The Archaeological Inventory of County Monaghan notes that
‘various tunnels are referred to in Clones town, usually in connection with [the]
motte’ (Brindley, A. (ed.) 1986). This could suggest that the motte was constructed
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on top of an Early Christian ringfort, as this was relatively common in the AngloNorman period.
6.3.4
Issues
The main issue of concern for this character area is poor access. Currently, it takes
some ingenuity to locate the path off Cara Street leading up to the site, assuming that
the visitor already knew of the existence of the monuments or why they would be of
interest. Therefore, the area is lost through poor physical access and a lack of
awareness of the site. There should be greater permeability to the site which could
be achieved via pedestrian signposts, marked paths or routes from the other heritage
landmarks in the town. Obviously, the agreement of the relevant landowners would
be required and the adequate protection of the earthworks secured before any such
initiative could take place.
It is recommended that a buffer area, extending beyond the current Town Plan green
zoning for the area be considered to take into account the archaeological potential of
the area which would take into account the existing and historic view-shed from the
site. Large developments, housing or industrial, need to be sited carefully so as not
to impact on the view of the hill and not to interfere with potential heritage and
amenity trails up to the site. The potential impact of the south western section of the
proposed by-pass, which passes to the south of the hill, should also be assessed with
a view to protecting the amenity and views of the hill.
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6.4
Character Area 3
Plantation Town/Historic Core/Civic Centre
Figure 13 180° panorama of the Diamond from the east side
6.4.1
Definition
This area covers the Diamond and may be said to heart of the town in many
respects. Until recently, it has also been the civic centre of the town with presence of
council offices, library, Church of Ireland, banks and professional offices. There are
four sides to the Diamond but these are not laid out in a consistent formation which
is more like two triangles than a Diamond. The apex of the Diamond is on the
principal hill in the town and there is a significant slope towards each of the roads
leading out of it.
The Diamond was founded in 1600. At this time the town would have been very
small. Census records indicate that there were only 27 houses in the Diamond in
1659, over half of which were planted settlers (Livingstone, 1980, 536). A castle was
constructed in the Diamond in 1640. The Diamond, along with the rest of the town
grew steadily up to 1750 when its current form took shape.
Historically, the
Diamond has always been the eminent business area of the town. The first market
house was built in 1746 to a typical arcaded tripartite form on ground floor with first
floor and belfry overhead. This was replaced in 1844 with a new market house
which became the County Council Offices and library but which is now vacant.
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6.4.2
Views
The Diamond is best appreciated from within its own precincts. Standing on the
steps of St Tiernach’s Church of Ireland Church, there is a good panorama to the
east and vice versa. Again, the church steeple dominates the view and the character
of the Diamond. The landmark buildings in this area include St Tiernach’s, the
former Market House and County Offices, the 3 bank buildings (although one is
now no longer in use), the Post Office, and the former Constabulary building on the
east side of the Diamond. The high cross, the symbol of the town, is located in front
of the steps of the Church of Ireland.
The Diamond was repaved in the last ten years, increasing and improving the
pedestrian and open space of the area. On the east side, a contemporary fountain
surrounded by sections of lawn and new trees may be enjoyed from a number of
benches. Historically, there has been at least one pump in the Diamond since the
late 18th century. The new fountain offers continuity with the old scheme.
Figure 14 180° panorama of the Diamond from the north west side
6.4.3
Archaeology
The Diamond has significant archaeological potential both within its standing fabric
and its buried remains. The RMP has recorded a possible church (MO 011-010006),
an inscribed stone (MO 011-010007), a high cross (MO011-0005) and town defences
(MO 011-01008) within this character area. The high cross is to be moved into the
Church of Ireland for its long-term preservation and a replica placed in its place.
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This project has been planned by the OPW. The standing fabric of the Diamond
further exhibits the archaeological potential of the character area, both in terms of
visual amenity and landmark buildings and the possibility of the buried remains of
17th century house foundations.
6.4.4
Issues
Traffic is a major issue for the environmental quality and amenity values of the
Diamond.
The uphill nature of the approach from the Monaghan Road, in
particular, means that HGVs have gathered speed by the time they reach the
Diamond which also presents a safety concern. The planned town by-pass will do
much to alleviate this problem and allow for more enjoyable use of the area.
The second issue of major concern for the Diamond is the amount of dereliction and
vacancy for such a prominent space.
The vacation of important institutional
buildings such as the Council Offices and that planned for the Post Office reflects
badly on the health of the town. Dereliction may be seen in weeds growing out of
gutters on at least two large buildings. The removal of plaster to expose stone
finishes on previously plastered buildings also detracts from the built heritage
character of the Diamond which consists of mostly 3 to 4 storey buildings that are
plastered. Where they are not plastered is because there has been an ashlar or
rubbed-brick finish added to the exteriors of buildings.
Figure 15 Detail of perished water goods
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6.4.5
Recommendations
In the event of ‘Phase 2’ of the repaving of the Diamond, as proposed in the Clones
Regeneration Strategy, taking place after the completion of the town by-pass, there
would be huge potential for greater terrace-type uses in the area or open-air markets or
other once-off events. The enclosed nature of the Diamond means that there is a
lack of permeability to other parts of the town. Certainly, a path going from the
former County Offices or Bank of Ireland to the Abbey would be attractive and one
from St Tiernach’s to the motte and bailey site. There is a visitor information panel
near the high cross, however, more pedestrian signage could be provided to assist
access to other areas and sites. It is also a pity that greater access to St Tiernach’s
Church is not possible.
An architectural conservation area has been designated for the Diamond. Specific
objectives and policies need to be written to accompany the designation and protect
the special character of the area as intended. A maintenance guide for building
owners would also be helpful. A policy for the encouragement and re-use of existing
landmark buildings should be considered. Use is often the best means of conserving
a building.
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6.5
Character Area 4
Commercial Area/Fermanagh Street
Figure 16 Fermanagh Street from the 1840 OS Map
6.5.1
Definition
This area consists of Fermanagh Street and extends to the rear of plots on either side
of the street. It runs from the Diamond as far as the junction of ’98 Avenue and the
Newtownbutler Road. It is made up of mostly terraced three storey buildings which
were built for residential use over business premises on the ground floor.
Livingstone (537, 1980) dates the development of the street to between 1740 and
1770. Certainly, before that time the Diamond met all the requirements of the new
town with civic and business activities taking place there. A comparison of the first
edition of the OS Map and the current map shows that the street was fully developed
by 1840 and that that layout is substantially intact today.
While vacancy and the decline of the variety of retail premises on the street has been
a growing issue, Fermanagh Street more than any other street in the town bears
witness to the character of Clones as a prosperous country market town. This is the
primary significance of the street. The street has a number of fine shopfronts from
different periods. The archways leading to rear gardens and outbuildings is also a
characteristic of the street.
37
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Figure 17 View of Fermanagh Street from Carn Gardens
The view of the street from the northwest (the Carn Gardens area) is one of the
finest views of the town. It shows the climb of the street up towards the Diamond
with the church steeple to one side with strong landscape attributes in the
background and good tree borders in the fore and middle ground. At several points
along ’98 Avenue it is possible to appreciate the climbing quality of the street and the
conservation of the traditional building stock and roofscape from the rear. These
views, more than any other, reinforce the quality of Clones as an 18th and 19th century
town.
Figure 18 The Butter Yard
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The Creighton Hotel is a landmark on the corner of the street to the north. Beside it
the old butter yard is a gem of this type of Victorian commercial building and an
immensely attractive space made up of the low range of buildings and fine railings
and piers. This area has huge potential for the use of its open space both for
residents and visitors. This has already been highlighted in the Clones Regeneration
Strategy.
6.5.2
Archaeology
While there are no individual monuments in the area, Fermanagh Street is very much
within the zone of archaeological potential for the town. For this reason, it is
recommended that in assessing development for this area, a standard condition
should apply to provide for appropriate archaeological assessment, monitoring or
testing as required.
6.5.3
Issues
The street was recently upgraded and refurbished. This has been very successful in
terms of the environmental quality of the street. New lighting, sending electricity
wiring underground, new planting, paving and designated car park spaces have
achieved this. Business owners have responded by painting and upgrading their
premises. The street has been brightened up without over-colouring.
Figure 19 View of Fermanagh Street from the north
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6.5.4
Recommendations
In the general interests of maintaining the streetline, it is important that individual
plots are maintained and the scale and detailing of adjacent buildings respected.
Leaving a plot vacant after demolition or the inappropriate development of
individual units on the street has a detrimental effect on the character of the street.
Specifically, for this character area the conservation of existing traditional shopfronts
is important. This includes later 1950s detailing such as chrome arisses to shop
windows and stainless steel sign writing. In the interest of preserving the authenticity
of 19th and early 20th century shopfronts some encouragement should be given to
developing quality contemporary shopfronts, where appropriate, on the street.
Figure 20 & 21 1950s shopfront details on Fermanagh Street
An architectural conservation area would be a most useful designation for this street,
allowing for such items as the preservation of existing archways and lanes, and the
control of front elevation treatments (shopfront and other joinery alterations). It
would also provide principles for the redevelopment of vacant sites which should
reflect a clear understanding of the pattern of existing building designs such as
shopfront layouts, typical window opening size and shape on each floor and the
provision of traditional finishes such as smooth plaster, cast-rainwater goods, etc.
Figure 22 Historic iron work at the
Butter Yard
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For the longer term sustainability of the street, it is essential that traditional
businesses are able to continue on the street. Part of the character of any historic
town or city is the presence of its independent local retailers. It is anticipated that
the development of ’98 Avenue for new commercial development will contribute to
the regeneration of business activity on the street.
The new County Library
headquarters has been designed to address the street with pedestrian access and new
paving up to Fermanagh Street. The value of connecting back to Fermanagh Street
and the Diamond is understood along with an awareness of the qualities of the
topography and rear elevations of historic core. It is thought that parking may be an
issue for potential shoppers, however, there has been ample provision made for
parking in the existing car park off Fermanagh Street and in the Diamond close by.
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6.6
Character Area 5
First Expansion of the Town from Historic Core
Figure 23 View of the rear of a terrace on McCurtain Street
6.6.1
Definition
This area consists of McCurtain Street, Monaghan Street, Analore Street and Cara
Street. These were the initial extensions of the Plantation settlement off of the main
hill of the town. The streets were built primarily of residential units of three and two
storeys. The streetline consists of terraced housing, not all of which is uniform,
punctuated by trees and landmark buildings. The size and quality of some of the
buildings highlights, along with the substantial buildings in the Diamond, the
prosperity of the town as it grew in the 18th and 19th centuries. Typically, these
streets also retain a substantial amount of historic building stock and traditional
finishes.
Looking out from these streets, as one moves away from the Diamond, there are
impressive views into the surrounding countryside. St Tiernach’s steeple inevitably
features in view compositions as one looks back towards the town.
Figure 24 Composition on Cara
Street with Church of Ireland
steeple to the rear
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Both the ‘Wee Abbey’ and the courthouse contribute to the attractiveness of
McCurtain Street. On Monaghan Street, the Presbyterian Church coupled with the
stone outbuildings opposite, make a fine approach to the town with the combination
of stone in the building and boundary walls, and the deciduous tree belt surrounding
them.
Figure 25 View of the Monaghan Road from the Diamond
Buildings are largely in residential use with a little office and commercial use.
Dereliction is most prevalent in this character area. As is often the case, some of the
derelict or poorly maintained buildings are also the best examples of traditional
building, retaining all of their original finishes. The Town Council has been tackling
dereliction by serving notices to remove dereliction or serve compulsory purchase
orders to redevelop a site. At the time of the survey, it was clear that in one instance
the directions to move dereliction had been successful and resulted in the renovation
of three houses.
Figure 26 Traditional house on McCurtain
Street
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6.6.2
Archaeology
While there are no individual monuments in the area, it is still very much within the
zone of archaeological potential for the town. For this reason, it is recommended
that in assessing development for this area, a standard condition should apply to
provide for appropriate archaeological assessment, monitoring or testing as required.
6.6.3
Recommendations
In the interests of maintaining the streetline, it is important that individual plots are
conserved and the scale and detailing of adjacent buildings respected. Leaving a plot
vacant after demolition or the inappropriate development of individual units has a
detrimental effect on the character of the street. The dereliction of one or two good
examples of traditional buildings poses a dilemma as to how to remove the
dereliction without losing the contribution of those buildings to the streetscape. An
objective to retain traditional finishes in this character area could be met by the
designation of an architectural conservation area, however, this does place a burden
on the owners of buildings for which there is no entitlement to assistance.
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6.7
Character Area 6
Catholic Institutional and GAA Grounds
Figure 27 180° panorama of O’Neill Park and Liseggerton in the distance from the Sacred Heart Church
6.7.1
Definition
This area consists of the town’s second hill, Church Hill, and the land located to the
east side of the hill. It is bounded by the Rosslea Road to the south and St
Tighearnach’s Park to the north. It is characterized by the location of Catholic
parochial infrastructure within one area, a feature which is not unique to Clones.
The later siting of the GAA grounds adjacent to the church would have
complemented the character and spirit of the area at that time.
From as early as 1720, a Catholic chapel was located in this area. During the 19th
century the church was rebuilt in a prominent position and associated plots divided
up for educational and parish uses. The first chapel was built on the site of St.
Joseph’s Hall. In the 1780s a new chapel was built part of which is contained in the
hall and in 1895, the Sacred Heart Church was built by William Hague.
Figure 28 Plot layout from the 1907 OS Map
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By 1938 the church, presbytery, parochial hall, convent, schools and GAA grounds
were all in place.
6.7.2
Views
The fact that this area is on a hill affords some of the best prospects of the town and
the surrounding countryside. Looking down from the grounds of the church one
can see past St Tighearnach’s Park, on to Liseggerton and the lake with woodland
pockets on the horizon. The south side of the church offers good views of the
motte and bailey and the east side of the railway. The view of the town with the two
church steeples is, of course, the most characteristic of the town. These may be seen
approaching from the east on the Monaghan Road and from high ground near the
Meteorological Station. From ’98 Street, a number of glimpses up to the church
steeple exist and offer an attractive feature in the streetscape. The Sacred Heart
Church is the landmark building in this area.
Figure 29 Glimpse of the steeple of the Sacred Heart Church from ’98 Avenue
6.7.3
Issues
The
Town
Development
Plan,
2007-2013,
has
zoned
this
area
as
‘civic/community/educational’ which reflects the character of the area and includes
the historic link to the graveyard. The only issue for this area is the future of the
vacant site left by the removal of Largy College to its new location on the Newbliss
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Road. Being on a prominent site it is important that any proposed development
would not detract from the eminence of the church in the skyline.
6.7.4
Archaeology
This area is outside the area of archaeological sensitivity for the town.
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6.8
Character Area 7
6.8.1
Definition
Edge of Settlement Terracing
This character area is defined by uniformed terraced housing which occurs at the
edge of the town’s main arteries, including, Analore Street, Cara Street, Church Hill
and Newtownbutler Road in particular. It dates primarily from the end of the 19 th
century. The terraces usually follow the form of the street and for this reason can be
quite distinctive and attractive in the streetscape.
Figure 30 Legar Crescent, 1897, Analore Street
Importantly, this character area also contributes to the historic character of Clones
by retaining significant original detailing, such as a variety of cast-iron railings, scored
plaster or red-brick finishes, the occasional date plaque, original slate roofs and
decorative features such as decorative brick chimneys, window and door surrounds.
The bay window is also a common feature in the terraces.
Figure 31 Redbrick terracing on the
Newtownbutler Road
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The terraces at the edges of the town are the major difference between the first
edition of the OS Map in 1840, and the 1907 map, by which time most of these units
had been built. The quality and range of this type of middle- to small-sized housing
is a sign of the prosperity of the town in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
6.8.2
Views
In terms of views, the terraces are important in the way in which they follow the
contour of the road and terminate the view as one leaves the town or in reverse they
mark the start of the urban from the surrounding countryside. This quality is not
unique to Clones, however, the undulating countryside setting is different and
contrasts with the location of terracing which is usually on the flat (logically being at
the bottom of roads that lead off the main hill).
Figure 32 Terrace on Cara Street approaching the countryside
Terraces tend to be interspersed with the occasional shop or pub and often have a
community space, such as a meeting hall, clinic or school, located adjacent to them.
6.8.3
Issues
There are no major environmental issues associated with this area. The houses are
in residential use and are zoned for ‘higher density housing’. The major issue for this
type of character area is how to maintain its character without putting an undue
burden on the owners. In most instances, protected structures designation is not
warranted as the houses are not of such significant individual merit.
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6.8.4
Recommendations
Nevertheless, it should be an objective to retain building lines and the historic
building stock itself. It should also be an objective to retain the traditional finishes
preserved in the houses, many of which are so characteristic.
These include
windows, rainwater goods, roofs, plaster finishes or boundary treatments. Roof
treatments such the provision of modern dormers and roof-light windows should be
avoided on the front roof elevation of this type of housing. There is also a need to
consider car parking requirements and the issue of converting gardens into parking
spaces. In Clones, this is less of an issue than in more built-up areas but ideally it
should be avoided if possible.
6.8.5
Archaeology
This area is outside the area of archaeological sensitivity for the town.
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6.9
Character Area 8
6.9.1
Definition
Victorian Suburban Villa Area
This area consists of two areas on the southern outskirts of the town. To the west it
consists of an area in the townland of Clonboy and part of Teehill townland; to the
east it consists of the end of Analore Street and part of the Newbliss Road, in Largy
and Altartete townlands. The area is characterised by Victorian houses built between
1840 and 1897. The houses are generally large, one-off houses set in pasture or
gardens. A later wave of housing, dating from between 1900 and 1940 continues the
type of housing in a different style.
Figure 33 The Hill, Clonboy with Church of Ireland steeple to the rear
It is interesting to reflect that in the same period that this area was being developed,
on the other edges of the town the workhouse was being developed, to the north the
railway infrastructure was being established and later on the GAA grounds to the
north. In this context, these were clearly ‘nice’ areas of town.
This area is important in the contribution it makes to the historic character of the
town as one approaches from the Belturbet Road to the west, or the Newbliss Road
to the east. The area has both a country house quality and a suburban quality, being
so close to the town. The visibility of the Clonboy houses, in particular, is unusual
for this type of housing which tends to be out of sight.
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Figure 34 The Newbliss Road heading east
The houses are important for their architectural detailing but also their assemblage
quality which is shared with some of the earlier monuments in Clones. Detailing
includes bay windows with turret-type roofs, projecting gables, decorated
bargeboards and fine iron work railings. The grounds of the houses are devoted to
pasture for horses, and hedges and mature trees mark the boundaries.
Figure 35 Ladas Lodge, Clonboy
6.9.2
Views
Houses were sited in a deliberately random fashion that took advantage of the
topography. The flat open quality of this layout and the planted landscape setting
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make these attractive components of the town’s character. The views of the area are
experienced in passing on the bend of the approach roads into town.
The pair of Victoria villas in Clonboy stands out as examples of their type, but there
are also examples of Edwardian Arts and Crafts style housing with the use of
terracotta roof tiles. In Largy, the new Largy College building results in a new
landmark building in a contemporary 21st century design in the area which respects
the planted site boundaries, typically generous setting and scale of building in the
area.
Figure 36 Largy College, Newbliss Road
6.9.3
Issues
Part of the western section of this area is zoned as a ‘local landscape policy area’ in
recognition of its landscape qualities. The eastern section is zoned for a combination
of ‘higher density housing’ and ‘civic/community/educational’ uses. Too much
housing could be a problem in this area. The conservation of the existing planted
boundaries and specimen trees should be a priority in any new development. Siting
development back from the main road would also be important.
The western section of the area has a lot to offer in the event of the canal reopening. Being located adjacent to the Canal Stores and with the motte and bailey to
the rear, this area could also be very important to form the basis of a possible trail
back up to the town from the Canal Stores and via the fort.
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None of the buildings in this character area is currently included in the Record of
Protected Structures. Consideration should be given to their inclusion in the next
review of the Town Plan in order to conserve the buildings and protect their settings.
6.9.4
Archaeology
This area is outside the area of archaeological sensitivity for the town.
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6.10
Character Area 9
Industrial Archaeology
6.10.1 Definition
This area covers two long curved sections define the north and south of the town,
particularly on 19th century maps. It consists of the remains of the Ulster Canal and
those of Clones railway station and the Great Northern Railway lines. A number of
buildings are associated with both of these infrastructural projects, however, the
principal characteristics of the area are the remaining landscape features and
earthworks.
Figure 37 Bridge over the canal at Teehill
The Ulster Canal was built through Clones in 1842. Shortly afterwards the railways
were brought. The last train pulled out of Clones in 1959. Both of these projects
were conceived in the industrial heyday of the north east of Ireland in the 19 th
century. At that time Clones was an important junction for traffic going from the
north east to the south west and from the south east to the north west. To a certain
extent, the constant flow of hauliers through the town reflects this characteristic
today.
Due to the nature of the railway lines and the canal, both are located on relatively flat
ground. The area formerly used for the railways has provided a suitable location for
industrial and light-industrial uses in the town with a low-impact setting. The railway
station has something of a sprawled site due to the crossing of the two routes at the
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town. Historic maps show cattle pens located within the grounds of the railway
precinct, some of which is still standing, as well as engine sheds.
The railway line is now best viewed from the Sacred Heart Church where a line of
Scots’ Pine trees are indicative of the former railway line. On the south side of the
town, the Ulster Canal now forms part of the approach to the town on the Belturbet
Road, passing the canal aqueduct and a bridge en-route.
Figure 38 & 39 Line of the old railway marked by Scots Pine trees
The early 20th century concrete shed. Importantly, a number of landscape features
survive including a platform and fine boundary walls.
6.10.2 Issues
The railway area is zoned for industrial use. Given the removal of tracks and
buildings over time, there is considerable scope for development on the site.
However, it is essential that any remains of the original site should be preserved and
that earthworks further out from the site should also be conserved.
One
consideration might be to route movement within the greater site to reflect the
original route of the railway lines. In other words, to make reference to the fact of
the railway lines by keeping their original spacing free. It is also important that any
original railway buildings be conserved and re-used.
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It is anticipated that Waterways Ireland will fund the re-opening of the Ulster Canal.
Until that time it is important that no development should prevent the physical redredging of the canal. The Town Plan has provided for an ‘amenity/recreation area’
zoning along the route of the canal. A number of issues need to be considered in
respect of the adjacent zoning.
Figure 40 Panorama of the Canal Stores
‘Higher density housing’ is zoned to the south. New housing located too close to the
canal would detract from its amenity values. ‘Industry and employment’ is located to
the north and south east of the canal. Any intensification of existing industrial uses
or increases in the scale of industrial development will detract considerably from the
canal.
The layout and landscaping of such a development would have to be
considered carefully. Already screening could be introduced to protect views from
the Canal Stores and enhance the landscape quality of the area.
6.10.3 Archaeology
It is considered that both sections of this area are archaeologically sensitive. It would
be good practice to conduct archaeological assessments prior to development within
the area.
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7
Recommendations for Heritage-led Regeneration
7.1
Introduction
Recommendations for heritage-led regeneration may be divided into two groups,
namely those relating to existing policy and initiative frameworks, and those relating
to new heritage and tourism ideas. Naturally, all of these recommendations take into
account the current County and Town Development Plans, 2007-2012, the County
Heritage Plan, 2006-2012, the Clones Regeneration Strategy, 2001, and the activities
of the Clones Community Forum and the Clones Erne East Partnership.
Guiding principles for the heritage-led regeneration of the town, many of which are
already inherent in the aforementioned policy documents, should include:

Informed decision-making based upon an established understanding of the
special character of the town

Maintaining and protecting the identified heritage character and assets of the
town as a resource

Encouraging sustainable development to ensure the vibrancy of the town
and its area

Avoiding potential conflicts by anticipating the requirements for sustainable
development by providing detailed guidance on the development of the town
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
Accepting that in some instances development in, or in very close proximity
to certain sites is not possible
7.2
Existing Town Plan Objectives
The current policy documentation and initiatives for the development of Clones
indicate a clear awareness of the special character of the area and the need to protect
it, this has already been referred to in chapter two. For this reason, the specific
zoning objectives contained in the town plan are dealt with in detail and other
existing policies are reiterated thereafter.
7.2.1
The proposed by-pass of the town
The proposed by-pass of the town is critical to improving the experience of the town
and its open spaces. Therefore, it is seen as broadly positive.
There are some issues in relation to the southern section of the proposed by-pass
which could potentially conflict with objectives to promote the heritage of the town
and develop tourism. A section of the road appears to run quite close to the line of
the canal and a connecting road runs over the path of the canal. This could impact
on the enjoyment of the canal when it is re-opened. The southern section also runs
south of the motte and bailey site, again this could have a negative impact and
restrict options of creating pedestrian visitor traffic from the Canal Stores to the site.
The northern section relief road would not appear to impact on any important
aspects of the town’s character but consideration must be given to bringing the road
close to the area east of Millbrook which is of natural heritage and archaeological
importance. This area is already protected by the orange designation in the town
zoning.
7.2.2
Zoning adjacent to the Abbey and ‘Wee Abbey’
‘Higher density housing’, and ‘town centre’ zoning are provided for in the areas
immediately adjacent to Abbey and ‘Wee Abbey’. A local landscape policy area is
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located around the motte and bailey site. A buffer zone around the monastic site
should be created in the zoning to protect the unique setting of the monuments and
to avoid a scenario where major development would be proposed in a highly
sensitive site. The buffer area around the motte and bailey should also be increased.
7.2.3
The Monaghan Road
‘Industry and employment’ are zoned for the Monaghan Road. The Monaghan Road
is the key approach to the town, having an 18th century plan and one of the best
views of the town. To conserve the approach it is important that development in
this area does not disrupt the sense of approach by breaking up into fragmentary
units that could create an edge of ‘anywhere town’ feeling. Two significant town
centre zonings are provided for on the Monaghan Road. Again, the importance of
this approach and the treatment of new development on it should be considered. It
may also be a matter of some concern if the traditional town core were to lose
business to edge of town development with advantageous drive-in and parking
facilities.
For this reason, it is recommended that specific guidance required for site locations,
boundary treatments (both hard and soft landscaping) be introduced that allow for
development but ensure the preservation of the approach to the town.
7.2.4
‘Local landscape policy areas’ and ‘amenity and recreations areas’
The ‘local landscape policy areas’ and ‘amenity and recreation areas’ are well
positioned. It is recommended that some connection between the areas, especially
the Canal Stores area and the town centre is created by extending the green
designation. This linking up of sites and areas will be discussed in the second part of
this section.
7.2.5
The new hotel objective
The objective to locate a hotel in the town is important for tourism reasons, as will
be discussed in second part of the chapter.
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A brief should be written to determine where this should be located. It is likely that
the hotel provider will want to locate in a prominent scenic location. The location of
the hotel in the vicinity of monuments would also be advantageous to increasing the
enjoyment and awareness of them and the town as a whole, particularly, in the south
western corner of the town. However, the construction of the hotel should not
result in loss of landscape character setting.
7.2.6
Protection guidance
The County and Town Plans are clear on the need to protect the distinctive
characteristics of the natural environment such as hedgerows and trees and those of
the built environment, such as conserving traditional scale, plot size and finishes.
Existing policies on paint colour, shopfront design appear to be working.
It is recommended that additional guidance is included to protect the character and
quality of distinctive views in the town.
It is also recommended that specific
guidance is given on the importance of maintaining traditional landscaping in the
town, in terms boundary treatment and in terms of species type and form.
7.2.7
RPS
There are currently 43 protected structures on the Record of Protected Structures
(RPS) in Clones Town Plan, 2007-2013. A further 11 protected structures are
included in the RPS in the County Development Plan, 2007-2013, in the greater
Clones area. Three architectural conservation areas (ACAs) are mentioned by name.
The RPS is quite well developed but a review could refine the existing designations
and include some additions. Further to this study, it is likely that the boundaries and
definitions for ACAs could be increased and their descriptions broadened. It would
also be important that policy statements would accompany each area.
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7.2.8
Hard-landscaping
Given the topography of the town and its outlying sites, the impact of car parking
provision should be considered. The hard-landscaping associated with large car
parks when located on a sloping site has had a significant impact on the landscape.
In the future, it is recommended that consideration is given to avoiding this
phenomenon by varying the surface treatment, arrangement of car parks, and
introducing planting to punctuate and screen some of this impact.
7.3
Suggested policies to increase heritage tourism potential
There is a clear opportunity to improve the tourism potential of the town. The
reasons to visit the town are obvious, however, facilitating visitors in the physical
accessing of sites, in extending the duration of their stay with attractive options for
café-refreshments and dining, and accommodating them needs to be addressed.
The potential of sharing an established market to the west in Co. Fermanagh is
recognised and the Clones Erne East Partnership has been developing initiatives to
highlight the greater area outside official boundaries. In this greater area, Clones is
positioned to offer a unique element on the visitor circuit. While outdoor activities
and museum itineraries are already in place, Clones offers the opportunity to visit a
historic town with monuments in a peaceful landscape setting. The opening of the
Canal will bring the potential attraction of the town to an even greater level.
At the most basic level, tourism to the town should be thought of in terms of those
travelling short distances; day-trippers, Sunday-afternoon drives, or school-tours.
With an improved tourist infrastructure it is then possible to consider weekend or
short-stay tourism.
The following headings cover some of the issues arising in attempting to improve the
perception of Clones as a place to visit.
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7.3.1
Branding
The town needs to be branded on the basis of its special character; that it is unique
for its historic town, monuments and idyllic landscape setting. In the first instance,
the image of the town needs to be developed by whatever means captures its
qualities. This needs to be available online and in postcard format.
7.3.2
Events
Advantage should be taken of existing events such as the Flat Lake Festival or the
Waterways Ireland Classic Festival to draw visitors to Clones. A weekend of events
could be made of at least one of the provincial championship dates over the summer
when the town is thronged. The use of St Tighearncah’s Park and the enthusiasm of
Ulster supporters provide an opportunity to draw visitors to the town to other
activities.
The type of activities that could be considered could include a fancy dress reenactment of some period in the town’s history. It could include a lace-making
workshop, country-food market or painters’ exhibition. The timing of the event
could also be a celebration of the landscape, if it coincided with the blooming of the
hawthorn for instance.
7.3.3
Visitor movement
A number of issues need to be considered under this heading, including, access to
key sites, permeability, sign-posting and directions, and routes and paths. Currently,
access to the motte and bailey is difficult and hard to find. It is also unfortunate that
the Church of Ireland and graveyard, sitting as it does at the apex of the town, is
generally closed.
As well as access to individual sites there is also a general permeability issue which
refers to the lack of connectedness between sites and attractions for the visitor. This
is understandable given the naturally enclosed nature of the Diamond and the
location of the town on a hill.
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With the creation of routes, paths, walks and pedestrian signposting it would be
possible to create a number of trails. A trail from the Canal Stores with the lace
exhibition leading to either the Abbey, in one direction, or the motte and bailey, in
another, could be continued onto the Diamond and down Fermanagh Street to the
Butter Yard. This could also work coming from St Tighearnach’s Park if there was
an outdoor permanent exhibition there, or the suggested GAA development centre,
down to the Butter Yard, over to the new County Library and up to the Diamond.
This would result in bringing people through the town.
In the greater Clones area, the link between Hilton Park and the town could be
greatly enhanced to the profit of both.
Currently, they appear to be quite
unconnected although the Flat Lake Festival has done something to address this.
7.3.4
Traffic
Traffic through the town currently detracts from the fine open space and recent
repaving in the Diamond as well as the intimate character of the narrower streets,
particularly in the area near the Abbey and the ‘Wee Abbey’. This is due to the
significant number of heavy goods vehicles which drive through the town daily. A
‘Phase 2’ of the upgrading of the Diamond was recommended in the Clones
Regeneration Strategy, this may be dependent on the provision of the new by-pass,
but the second phase would provide for greater pedestrianisation and landscaping of
the town centre.
A pedestrianisation or surface treatment to increase pedestrian priority in the area
between the ‘Wee Abbey’ and the Abbey would contribute to the character of the
area. It would also reinforce the fact that both were part of a single complex for
hundreds of years before the founding of the town.
7.3.5
Children’s activities
The provision of activities for children is often a strong draw for visitors. This can
also include family activities such as walks, exhibitions, and site visits. The provision
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of improved, marked access with information would assist in this. The provision of
walkways to follow the course of the canal or to lead to the motte and bailey would
also be attractive. A permanent exhibition with continuous projection of the story of
Clones could be a starting point which could be followed by subsequent site
investigation. Again, tying in a once-off event with existing site and coinciding with a
holiday or championship weekend would be beneficial.
7.3.6
Accommodation and consumables
Currently, there are few accommodation options in the town.
This has to be
improved if people are expected to stay in the area, particularly, if there is a target
market that includes outdoor activities such as cycling, walking, angling, ponytrekking, etc. The creation of a new hotel in the town would probably lead to
increased business for other accommodation providers.
Once in the town, the opportunity to have a coffee, buy a souvenir, eat out in the
evening often determine how long and how much will be spent. Currently, the
choices for having a coffee or eating out are quite limited. It is also difficult to buy
something from Clones. Souvenirs need not be high-quality expensive goods. They
serve a purpose as a reminder of the place and reinforce its brand. To this end,
souvenirs could be references to the monastic history of the town, its lace-making
tradition or current meat-processing (in the context of traditional agricultural practice
and the green image of the town). Products could include confectionary, pottery or
specific meat goods.
7.3.7
3-D mapping for Clones
The topographical character and quality of the landscape of the town cannot be
garnered from two-dimensional maps or aerial photography which poses a challenge
for those wishing to promote its special character. At the moment, this can only be
done on-site. For this reason, a 3-D mapping of the town should be considered.
With technology it is now possible to create a 3-D modelling of the town which can
be used by public service providers, the local authority or visitors to the town. A 365
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D mapping project is underway for Westport, Co. Mayo and will be used by the
Town Council to develop and promote the town.
7.4
Conclusion
In order to implement the recommendations contained in this section there may, in
some instances, be a review of existing objectives required, funding, additional
partnerships or building on ones in place, and a need to bring the community onboard. Consideration should be given to scheduling a list of actions, taking into
account the agencies that could implement the projects, cost-implications (if
applicable) and urgency. Finally, the dissemination of the results of the HLC is also
important.
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9
Bibliography
Aldred, O. & Fairclough G., (2002) Historic Landscape Characterisation, Taking Stock of the Method.
English Heritage and Somerset County Council unpublished report available on the English Heritage
Website.
Brindley, A.L., (1986) Archaeological inventory of County Monaghan. Dublin: Stationery Office.
Clark,S., Darlington, J., Fairclough ,G., (2004) Using Historic Landscape Characterisation, English Heritage’s
review of HLC Applications 2002-03. English Heritage and Lancashire County Council.
Clones Erne East Partnership, (2006-2007) http://www.cloneserneeast.com/ Page consulted September
22, 2008.
Clones Regeneration Partnership (2001) Clones Regeneration Strategy. Clones.
Clones Town Development Plan, 2007-2013, in Monaghan County Council, Monaghan County
Development plan, 2007-2013, 269-290. Monaghan.
Duffy, P.J., (1993) Landscapes of South Ulster: A parish atlas of the Diocese of Clogher. Belfast: Institute of
Irish Studies.
ERM (2007) Landscape Characterisation of County Monaghan. Monaghan.
67
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Francia,
J.,
(2008)
‘West
of
Ireland
Town
Goes
3D’
in
Directions
Magazine.
http://www.directionsmag.com/article.php?article_id+2663&trv=1%3E. Page consulted 28 October 2008.
Lewis, S., (1837) A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. London: Lewis & Co.
Livingstone, P., (1980 ) The Monaghan Story. Enniskillen: Clogher Historical Society.
Mc Donald., B., (2000) ‘Saint Tiernach’s Trail’ in Cavan Monaghan Rural Development Co-op
Society Ltd. A Heritage Guide to the Cavan-Monaghan Region and Surrounding Counties. 48-67. Cavan
Monaghan Rural Development Co-op Society Ltd.
Monaghan County Council (2007) Monaghan County Development Plan, 2007-2013. Monaghan.
Monaghan County Heritage Forum (2006) County Monaghan Heritage Plan, 2006-2010. Monaghan.
Newell, K., (2003) Cornwall and Scilly Urban Survey Historic Characterisation for Regeneration Newquay.
Truro: Cornwall Archaeological Unit.
Pollak,
A.,
(2007)
‘The
Town
That
Came
In
From
The
Cold’,
on
http://www.crossborder.ie/home/ndn/ndn0712.html. Page consulted July 7, 2008.
Shirley, E.P., (1879) The Story of County Monaghan. London: Pickering & Co.
Treanor, M., (2002) Clones Lace: the story and patterns of an Irish Crochet. Cork: Mercier Press.
68
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Appendix
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10 Record of Monuments and Places
RMP
number:
MO011009---MO011007----
Monument
Townland:
type:
Earthwork
Altartate Glebe
Enclosure
Clonboy
Castle –
MO011Motte and
008001Bailey
Crossmoyle
Description:
Marked ‘fort’ on 1835 Ordnance Survey map.
No visible surface traces (ITA Survey 1940).
Truncated cone-shaped mound rising in series
of terraces (due to landscaping) and surrounded
by fosse at base. Subrectangular bailey
surrounded by earthen bank linked to motte by
traces of causeway. Built in 1212 burnt shortly
after. Later fortified (Shirley 1879, 167; CR
1966, 104; ITA Survey 1940; JRSAI 1874-5,
327-8).
MO011- Castle Crossmoyle
008002- Unclassified
MO011- Souterrain 008003- possible
MO011010001MO011010002MO011010003MO011010004MO011010005MO011010006MO011010007-
Crossmoyle
Church*
Crossmoyle
Round
Tower*
Crossmoyle
Graveyard
Crossmoyle
Shrine
Crossmoyle
Various tunnels are referred to in Clones town,
usually in connection with motte (IFC, Schools’
MSS 946, 249, 315; 947, 104; 956, 286-7).
Sixth century foundation associated with St.
Tigernach. Church, round tower (Nat. Mon.
111), parts of two high crosses (Nat. Mon. 112),
stone, house-shaped shrine and two cemeteries
are the chief visible remains of an extensive area
of Early Christian activity (JRSAI 1874-5, 32740; Harbison 1970, 200).
High Cross* Crossmoyle
Church Crossmoyle
possible
Inscribed
Crossmoyle
Stone
Town
MO011Defences – Crossmoyle
010008Mural Tower
MO011Crannog** Lisgeggerton
004---MO011Earthwork Largy
006---MO011Enclosure
011----
Largy
In boggy area of Ramages Lough. Circuler
mound (D c. 18m). (CR 1954, 7).
Circular area (D 26m) surrounded by earthen
bank with traces of external fosse. Possibly a
landscape feature.
70
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11
Public Consultation
A public meeting was held in the Cassandra Hand Centre in Clones on Wednesday
evening, 30 July, 2008, to raise awareness of the project and provide an opportunity
for people make their own contributions on the special character of the town. The
meeting was advertised in the Northern Standard and nearly 20 people attended
including members of the Town and County Councils, Council staff and interested
members of the public.
A Powerpoint presentation was made on the project, outlining its objectives and
giving a summary of the on-site survey which had been carried out that week. The
response was very good and several useful points were made. These included the
importance of accessibility to the motte-and-bailey and the need to create, or
conserve where existing, route-ways and links from the town’s key sites back to the
Diamond. It was noted that a history of Ireland could be told around the town’s
sites and monuments.
Concern was expressed that the final report should be
available after the completion of the project.
Questionnaires were available also and these were subsequently left at the library
offices. Only two responses were received. The responses were very positive about
the town’s antiquities and historic treasures, in particular, the range and quality of
architecture from the medieval period to the present. Both responses mentioned
dereliction as an ongoing issue in the town, while one respondent disliked the new
paving in the Diamond. The community spirit of the town was mentioned by both,
in particular, the number of activities, clubs and events, although concern was
expressed that the toddlers’ group would be ending in the near future for lack of
resources. The GAA summer championship and the Flat Lake Festival were also
mentioned.
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Josephine Treanor, Clones Community Forum, gave an individual interview to
outline the work of the forum as a result of the EU operational programme for
Peace and Reconciliation in Northern Ireland and the Border Region of Ireland;
Peace II, 2000-2004, and Peace III, 2007-2013. The Forum works on a crosscommunity basis to strengthen community relations and activities to include all ages
and gender equality. In terms of heritage, the Forum developed a training course for
heritage guides within the town and developed a tourist trail with plaques at the
town’s major sites.
This consultation highlighted the level of community
participation and community awareness of the town’s heritage.
Brian Morgan, representing the Clones Regeneration Partnership also gave an
interview in which he outlined the work of the Partnership with particular reference
to the planned development of ’98 Avenue as a new commercial area which would
refer back to traditional commercial activities on Fermanagh Street and the Diamond
via traditional lanes. The challenges of keeping businesses open in the middle
section of Fermanagh Street were mentioned, whereby this section of the street
seems to be unable to sustain daytime retailers because shoppers prefer to be parked
more closely than is generally possible in this area. The attractiveness of the street as
whole is then compromised when there is lack of retail variety.
Brian McDonald, local historian also gave an interview in which he detailed some of
the historic associations with places in the town. In particular, he emphasised the
social history attached to places. He also noted that heritage tours of the towns are
regularly organised.
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Sample Questionnaire:
Historic Landscape Characterisation of Clones Public Consultation Questionnaire
Thank you for taking the time to complete this form. Your comments will be noted in the current study of
Clones. The outcome of this public consultation will be summarised in an appendix of the final report.
1) In your opinion, are there any specific characteristics to your town? If so what are they?
2) Are there things that you really like or dislike about the physical character of your town?
3) Are there activities that you believe are typical of your town or area which you particularly
enjoy or take pride in?
4) Are there particular personalities or historic events that strike you as being essential to the
character of the town?
Please return your completed form to
TKB Southgate Associates
C/o Clones Community Forum
Fermanagh Street, Clones.
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12
Map Analysis
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