Connection Engineering Study
Report for AUC Application
Project Title
File No. XXX
Revision: 0
Revision Date: 2/12/2016
Name
Prepared by:
Engineer, P. Eng.
Reviewed by:
Engineer, P. Eng.
Approved by:
Engineer, P. Eng.
Date
Signature
Connection Engineering Study Report for AUC Application
Connection Engineering Study Report for AUC Application: Project Title
Executive Summary
(Note: The Executive Summary is a high-level summary of the report. Be brief. Make sure the
information in the Executive Summary and the information in the Summary and Conclusion are
consistent.)
Project Overview
•
Organization proposing the project
•
Project content
•
Project location
•
Project purpose
•
In-Service date
Existing System
•
Overview of existing system
•
Relevant constraints
Study Summary
•
Reasons for study
•
Study scope
•
Study area definition
•
Studies carried out (system conditions, such as summer peak considering Category
A and Category B conditions)
Alternative Selected
•
Reasons for selection
•
Post connection constraint(s) and constraint management (if any)
Recommendation
•
Action recommended
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Contents
Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1. Project............................................................................................................................................ 5
1.1.1. Project Overview.................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.2. Load Component ................................................................................................................... 5
1.1.3. Generation Component ......................................................................................................... 5
1.2. Study Scope .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2.1. Study Objectives .................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2. Study Area ............................................................................................................................. 6
1.2.3. Studies Performed ................................................................................................................. 7
1.3. Report Overview ............................................................................................................................ 7
2. Criteria, System Data, and Study Assumptions ............................................................................... 8
2.1. Criteria, Standards, and Requirements ......................................................................................... 8
2.1.1. AESO Transmission Reliability Criteria ................................................................................. 8
2.1.2. AESO Operating Policies and Procedures (OPPs) and Authoritative Documents (ADs) ..... 8
2.1.3. Other Requirements (Use a heading for each) ..................................................................... 8
2.2. Load and Generation Assumptions ............................................................................................... 8
2.2.1. Load Assumptions ................................................................................................................. 8
2.2.2. Generation Assumptions ....................................................................................................... 9
2.2.3. Intertie Flow Assumptions ..................................................................................................... 9
2.3. System Projects ........................................................................................................................... 10
2.4. Customer Connection Projects .................................................................................................... 10
2.5. Facility Ratings and Shunt Elements ........................................................................................... 10
2.6. Dynamic Data and Assumptions ................................................................................................. 11
2.7. Protection Fault Clearing Times .................................................................................................. 13
2.8. Voltage Profile Assumptions ....................................................................................................... 13
3. Study Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 14
3.1. Study Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 14
3.2. Study Scenarios .......................................................................................................................... 14
3.3. Connection Studies Carried Out .................................................................................................. 15
3.4. Power Flow Analysis ................................................................................................................... 15
3.4.1. Contingencies Studied ......................................................................................................... 15
3.5. Voltage Stability (PV) Analysis .................................................................................................... 16
3.5.1. Contingencies Studied ......................................................................................................... 16
3.6. Short-Circuit Analysis .................................................................................................................. 17
3.7. Transient Stability Analysis ......................................................................................................... 17
3.7.1. Contingencies Studied ......................................................................................................... 17
3.8. Sensitivity Studies ....................................................................................................................... 17
3.9. Other Studies (Use a heading for each study type) .................................................................... 18
4. Pre-Connection System Assessment ............................................................................................. 18
4.1. Pre-Connection Power Flow Analysis ......................................................................................... 18
4.2. Pre-Connection Voltage Stability Analysis .................................................................................. 18
4.3. Pre-Connection Transient Stability Analysis ............................................................................... 18
5. Connection Alternatives ................................................................................................................... 18
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6.
7.
8.
9.
5.1. Overview ...................................................................................................................................... 18
5.2. Connection Alternatives Evaluated ............................................................................................. 19
5.2.1. Connection Alternatives Selected for Further Studies ......................................................... 19
5.2.2. Connection Alternatives Not Selected for Further Studies .................................................. 19
Technical Analysis of the Connection Alternatives ...................................................................... 19
6.1. Alternative 1 ................................................................................................................................. 19
6.1.1. Power Flow Analysis (Alternative 1) .................................................................................... 19
6.1.2. Voltage Stability Analysis (Alternative 1) ............................................................................. 20
6.1.3. Transient Stability Analysis (Alternative 1) .......................................................................... 21
6.1.4. Sensitivity Studies (Alternative 1) ........................................................................................ 23
6.1.5. Mitigation Measures for Identified Issues (Alternative 1)..................................................... 23
6.2. Alternatives 2, 3, etc. (Use headings appropriate for each alternative) ...................................... 24
6.3. Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................................... 24
Short-Circuit Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 24
7.1. Pre-Connection ............................................................................................................................ 24
7.2. Post-Connection .......................................................................................................................... 25
Project Interdependencies ............................................................................................................... 26
Summary and Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 26
Attachments
Attachment A
Dynamic Data of all Equipment Proposed for Connection
Attachment B
Pre-Connection Power Flow Analysis Results (Scenarios 1 to XX)
Attachment C
Pre-Connection Voltage Stability Analysis Results (Scenarios 1 to XX)
Attachment D
Pre-Connection Transient Stability Analysis Results (Scenarios 1 to XX)
Attachment E
Connection Alternatives – Connection Diagrams and Proposed Facility SLD
Attachment F
Alternative 1: Power Flow Analysis Results (Scenarios 1 to XX)
Attachment G
Alternative XX: Power Flow Analysis Results (Scenarios 1 to XX)
Attachment H
Alternative 1: Voltage Stability Analysis Results (Scenarios 1 to XX)
Attachment I
Alternative XX: Voltage Stability Analysis Results (Scenarios 1 to XX)
Attachment J
Alternative 1: Transient Stability Analysis Results (Scenarios 1 to XX)
Attachment K
Alternative XX: Transient Stability Analysis Results (Scenarios 1 to XX)
Figures
Figure 1: Overview of Critical Voltage Stability Outages (Example) ............................................................................. 21
Figure 2: Three-Phase Fault near Example 1S Substation on 1001L (Example) ......................................................... 22
Figure 3: Transient System Response following Loss of Example Generator (Example) ............................................ 23
Tables
Table 1: Summary of System Projects ...........................................................................................................................7
Table 2: Forecast Area Load ..........................................................................................................................................8
Table 3: Load Forecast at the Affected Substations before Connection Project ............................................................9
Table 4: Load Forecast at the Affected Substations after Connection Project - New PoD Included ..............................9
Table 5: Local Generators in the Study Cases ...............................................................................................................9
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Table 6: Summary of System Projects Included in the Study Cases............................................................................ 10
Table 7: Summary of Customer Connection Assumptions ........................................................................................... 10
Table 8: Summary of Transmission Line Ratings ......................................................................................................... 11
Table 9: Summary of Transformer Ratings .................................................................................................................. 11
Table 10: Summary of Shunt Elements in the Study Area ........................................................................................... 11
Table 11: Generator Dynamic (Example) (This could be in Attachment A) .................................................................. 12
Table 12: Exciter Dynamic Data (Example) (This could be in Attachment A) ............................................................... 12
Table 13: Stabilizer Dynamic Data (Example) (This could be in Attachment A) ........................................................... 12
Table 14: Governor Dynamic Data (Example) (This could be in Attachment A) ........................................................... 12
Table 15: Summary of Protection Fault Clearing Times ............................................................................................... 13
Table 16: Summary of Voltage at Key Nodes in the Study Region .............................................................................. 13
Table 17: Study Scenarios (example data based on the example scenarios above) ................................................... 15
Table 18: Contingency List – Transmission Lines ........................................................................................................ 16
Table 19: Contingency List – Generator/Transformer/SVC/etc. ................................................................................... 16
Table 20: Contingency List – Transmission Elements.................................................................................................. 16
Table 21: Contingency List – Generators/Transformers/SVCs/Etc. ............................................................................. 17
Table 22: Contingency List ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Table 23: Summary of System Performance (Element Loading) ................................................................................. 20
Table 24: Summary of System Performance (Voltage) ................................................................................................ 20
Table 25: Summary of Critical Voltage Stability Outages; Initial Load Level for Area XX is YY MW ............................ 21
Table 26: Summary of Transient Stability .................................................................................................................... 22
Table 27: Summary of Short-Circuit Current Levels – Pre-Connection (Year 20XX) ................................................... 24
Table 28: Summary of Short-Circuit Current Levels – Pre-Connection (Year 20XX [Year of Proposed Connection + 10
Years]) ......................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Table 29: Summary of Short-Circuit Current Levels – Post-Connection (Year 20XX) .................................................. 25
Table 30: Summary of Short-Circuit Current Levels – Post-Connection (Year 20XX [Year of Proposed Connection +
10 Years]) .................................................................................................................................................................... 25
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Introduction
1.
This Customer Connection Engineering Study Report presents the results of the study
conducted to analyze the proposed connection of the XXXX Project to the AIES.
Present a brief overview of the project using the headings provided.
(Note: If a subsection heading is not relevant to the project write "Not Applicable" under the
heading in the first draft of the report submitted for AESO review. Such headings must be
removed before submission of the final report.)
1.1.
1.1.1.
Project
Project Overview
•
Organization proposing the project
•
Project content
•
Project location
•
Project purpose
•
In-Service date
1.1.2.
Load Component
Describe the load component of the project. Include the following:
•
Estimated maximum amount of load to be connected (peak load); both active and
reactive power demands to be specified. If any motor loads, specify the number of
motors and the size of each motor load.
•
Expected power factor.
•
Type of load.
•
Potential Demand Transmission Service (DTS) the customer intends to apply for.
•
Possible future expansion plans and anticipated timing for any expansion.
1.1.3.
Generation Component
Describe the generation component of the project. Include the following:
•
Size and number of the new generator(s), and the maximum amount of generation that
has been studied
•
Type of generator(s)
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Estimated reactive power capability of the generator(s) when producing maximum gross
active power
•
Maximum and minimum continuous reactive power capability of the generator(s)
•
Potential Supply Transmission Service (STS) the customer intends to apply for and
operate at when the project is connected to the grid
•
Possible future expansion plans and anticipated timing for any expansion
Study Scope
1.2.
Study Objectives
1.2.1.
The objectives of the study were the following:
•
XXXX
•
XXXX
1.2.2.
1.2.2.1.
Study Area
Study Area Description
Define and describe the study area. Include a diagram of the study area that clearly shows
salient features such as transmission lines, substations, generating assets, and reactive
elements in the area. In a diagram (the study area diagram or a separate diagram) show how
the study area is connected to the rest of the Alberta Interconnected Electric System (AIES).
1.2.2.2.
Existing Constraints
Describe any known constraint(s) in the study area and its vicinity. Explain how the constraint(s)
are managed. Discuss any Operating Policies and Procedures (OPPs) and Information
Documents (IDs)/Authoritative Documents (ADs) presently applied in the area. Outline all
existing manual or automatic Remedial Action Schemes (RASs) in the area.
1.2.2.3.
AESO Long-Term Plans
Describe the relevant AESO long-term transmission development plans for the study area and
its vicinity. List the anticipated in-service dates of those plans. Use a table. Discuss the known
impact(s) of any delays in the AESO long-term plans for the area on the project.
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Table 1: Summary of System Projects
Project Name
1.2.3.
In-Service
Date
Studies Performed
Provide a high-level summary of the system conditions and the studies performed, such as
analysis of the existing system before the connection and analysis of the system performance
after the connection. Include the contingency categories applicable to the project. Use the
format of the following example:
Example (replace with non-italicized material appropriate to the project):
The following studies were performed for the pre-connection analysis considering Category A,
B, and selected C contingencies:
•
Power flow analysis
•
Voltage stability analysis
•
Transient stability analysis
•
Short-Circuit fault studies
The following studies were performed for the post-connection analysis considering Category A,
B, and selected C contingencies:
•
Power flow analysis
•
Voltage stability analysis
•
Transient stability analysis
•
Short-Circuit fault studies
1.3.
Report Overview
The Executive Summary provides a high-level summary of the report and its conclusions.
Section 1 provides an Introduction. Section 2 describes the Criteria, System Data, and Study
Assumptions. Section 3 presents the Study Methodology. Section 4 discusses the PreConnection System Assessment. Section 5 presents the Connection Alternatives. Section 6
provides a Technical Analysis of the Connection Alternatives. Section 7 provides a Short-Circuit
Analysis. Section 8 discusses Project Interdependencies. Section 9 presents a Summary and
Conclusion.
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2.
2.1.
2.1.1.
Criteria, System Data, and Study Assumptions
Criteria, Standards, and Requirements
AESO Transmission Reliability Criteria
Describe in detail the application of the AESO Transmission Reliability Criteria when the system
studies were carried out.
2.1.2.
AESO Operating Policies and Procedures (OPPs) and Authoritative
Documents (ADs)
List the OPPs and ADs taken into consideration when the connection proposals were evaluated
and explain how they were applied when the connection studies were performed.
2.1.3.
Other Requirements (Use a heading for each)
Describe in detail the application of any other AESO requirements, criteria, standards, rules,
practices, and guidelines (market or otherwise) when the connection studies were carried out.
Use subsection headings that clearly identify the requirement being discussed.
2.2.
2.2.1.
Load and Generation Assumptions
Load Assumptions
Describe the load assumptions and the AESO load forecast applied: peak or light season
conditions, year(s), specific regional characteristics, and any other data relevant to the load
assumptions and the load forecast.
Present the load forecast in table format.
Table 2: Forecast Area Load
Area Name and Number
Season
Year
Forecast Peak Load
(MW)
Summer
Winter
For load connection projects, provide a load forecast for any new point of delivery (PoD)
substation proposed for connection. If the connection project involves changes to the loading
levels at the existing PoDs, provide load forecast tables to show the load changes before the
connection project and after the connection project.
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Table 3: Load Forecast at the Affected Substations before Connection Project
Substation
Name and
Number
Forecast Peak Load (MW)
Season
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
Summer
Winter
Table 4: Load Forecast at the Affected Substations after Connection Project - New PoD Included
Substation
Name and
Number
Forecast Peak Load (MW)
Season
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
20XX
Summer
Winter
2.2.2.
Generation Assumptions
Present the generation forecast information used for this project. List the local generators in the
study area and the dispatch level of each. Use a table. Describe the notable features of the local
generators, as required.
Indicate the range of the generation level considered for the existing generators and the
maximum generation level studied for any new unit(s) to be connected. Include the reactive
power capability of the generator(s) at maximum output.
Table 5: Local Generators in the Study Cases
Name
Units
Facility A
(existing)
#1
Facility B
(proposed)
#1
Symbol
Max
Qmax
Capacity
(MVAr)
(MW)
Qmin
(MVAr)
Generation Level
Modelled in the
Study Case (MW)
#2
#2
Total
2.2.3.
Intertie Flow Assumptions
Indicate the assumptions regarding the intertie flow between Alberta and neighbouring
jurisdictions.
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2.3.
System Projects
List the relevant transmission facilities that are not in service but were included in the study
cases. Use a table.
Table 6: Summary of System Projects Included in the Study Cases
System Facility Name
Projected
In-Service Date
Study Case
(In Service/Not in Service)
Briefly discuss any relevant information regarding system projects, such as developments
proposed for each project.
2.4.
Customer Connection Projects
List the relevant customer connection facilities that are not in the existing system but were
included in the study cases. Use a table. Include relevant information such as size of the load
and/or generation for each project.
Table 7: Summary of Customer Connection Assumptions
Customer Facility Name
Projected
In-Service Date
Project Status
(NID Filed?)
Load
(MW)
Generation
(MW)
Total
Provide any other relevant information for each project, such as whether it has already been
approved by the Alberta Utilities Commission (AUC).
2.5.
Facility Ratings and Shunt Elements
Include tables that show the facility ratings for key existing and proposed equipment rated
XX kV and above and any other relevant equipment ratings. Show only the most important
equipment.
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Table 8: Summary of Transmission Line Ratings
Transmission Lines
Line Number
Summer Rating (MVA)
Winter Rating (MVA)
Table 9: Summary of Transformer Ratings
Transformers
Substation Name and Number
Transformer
Voltages (kV)
Transformer ID
MVA Rating
List the shunt elements in the study area, including shunt element size and status. Use a table.
Present all assumptions made regarding the shunt elements, such as whether they were
switched on or off in the studies.
Table 10: Summary of Shunt Elements in the Study Area
Substation Name
and Number
2.6.
Nominal
Number of
Bus
Voltage Switched
Shunt
(kV)
Blocks
Capacitors
Total at
Nominal
Voltage
(MVAr)
Reactors
Status in
Study
Number of
Switched
Shunt
Blocks
Total at
Nominal
Voltage
(MVAr)
Status in
Study
(on or off)
Dynamic Data and Assumptions
In Attachment A, list the dynamic data of all equipment proposed for connection to the grid, such
as generators, excitation systems and their limiters, power system stabilizers (PSSs), turbine
governors, wind turbines, static VAR compensators (SVCs), large motors, as well as all other
relevant dynamic representations of the proposed facilities. Use a table. If it is not possible to
present the information in a table, attach the detailed dynamic data in a comprehensive format
or attach it directly as a dyr file.
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Table 11: Generator Dynamic (Example) (This could be in Attachment A)
Generator Dynamic Data (GENROU model)
T’do
T"do
S(1.0)
S(1.2)
T’qo
T"qo
H
D
Xd
X’d
Xq
X’q
X"d
Xl
KL
Table 12: Exciter Dynamic Data (Example) (This could be in Attachment A)
Exciter Dynamic Data (EXAC2 model)
TR
TB
TC
KA
TA
VAMAX
VAMIN
KB
VRMAX
VRMIN
TE
KH
KF
TF
KC
KD
KE
VLR
E1
SE(E1)
E2
SE(E2)
Table 13: Stabilizer Dynamic Data (Example) (This could be in Attachment A)
Stabilizer Dynamic Data (PSS2B model)
Tw1
Tw2
T6
Tw3
Tw4
T7
KS2
KS3
T8
T9
KS1
T1
T2
T3
T4
T10
T11
VSI1MAX
VSI2MIN
VSI1MAX
VSI2MIN
VSTMAX
VSTMIN
ICS1
M
N
REMBUS1 ICS2 REMBUS2
Table 14: Governor Dynamic Data (Example) (This could be in Attachment A)
Governor Dynamic Data (GGOV1 model)
R
Tpelec
Maxerr
Minerr
Kpgov
Kigov
Kdgov
Tdgov
Vmax
Vmin
Tact
Kturb
Wfnl
Tb
Tc
Teng
Tfload
Kpload
kiload
Ldref
Dm
Ropen
Rclose
Kimw
Aact
Ka
Ta
Trate
db
Tsa
Tsb
Rup
Rdown
Rselect
Flag
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Provide a high-level summary of the modelling assumptions made for all other generators, such
as the dynamic data provided by AESO used, the generator test reports used (where such test
reports were available), and/or the standard generator data used (where such test reports were
not available).
2.7.
Protection Fault Clearing Times
List the fault clearing times used for the transient stability analysis. Use a table. When providing
near-end and far-end fault clearing times, include different directions with the clearing times only
when the clearing times are not the same for faults at each end. Indicate if the fault clearing time
assumptions have been verified by the Transmission Facility Owner (TFO).
Table 15: Summary of Protection Fault Clearing Times
Transmission Line
2.8.
Fault Clearing Times (Cycles)
Near-End
Far-End
Assumed or
Verified
Voltage Profile Assumptions
State the voltage at the key buses (nodes) in the study area. Use a table. Provide a comparison
with the minimum voltages given in AESO OPP-702 or the applicable Information Document
(ID), if possible.
Table 16: Summary of Voltage at Key Nodes in the Study Region
Bus No. and
Name
Minimum
Voltage
(kV)
- OPP-702
Nominal
Voltage
(kV)
Voltage in the
Study Case
(kV)
If there are any SVCs in the area, indicate the typical operational practices for them, and
indicate the assumptions made regarding the SVCs in the connection studies.
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Study Methodology
3.
3.1.
Study Objectives
The objectives of the study discussed in this report were the following (same text as in the
Introduction):
•
XXXXX
•
XXXXX
3.2.
Study Scenarios
Outline the scenarios (system conditions) studied and the study years. These scenarios should
represent a range of potential system conditions, assumed loading conditions, and assumed
generation dispatches sufficient to allow an analysis of the transmission system performance in
the study area. The scenarios may include the following:
•
Low and high loading levels
•
Low and high generation levels
•
Interchange conditions (for example, high, medium, or low export from Alberta to British
Columbia or high, medium, or low import from British Columbia to Alberta)
•
Transmission flow, such as South of Keephills/Ellerslie/Genesee (SOK), Fort McMurray
transfer in and out, and other relevant area transfers
Provide the rationale for each assumption, for example, selection of the study years, seasonal
conditions, and cut-plane flows. Use the format of the two example scenarios below.
Example (replace with non-italicized material appropriate to the project):
Scenario 1:
•
2099 summer peak (SP) load conditions
•
780 MW import from BC
•
All wind generation is offline
•
All local gas generators in the study area are offline
•
Economic dispatch of all other generators in the AIES
Scenario 2:
•
2099 summer peak (SP) load conditions
•
0 MW interchange between Alberta and BC
•
All wind generation dispatched at full power
•
All local gas generators are offline
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•
Economic dispatch of all other generators in the AIES
Provide a summary of all the study cases based on the given scenarios. Use a table.
Table 17: Study Scenarios (example data based on the example scenarios above)
3.3.
Load
Condition
Scenario
Year
1
2099
Summer
Peak (SP)
2
2099
SP
Import
from BC
(MW)
Wind
Local Gas
Generation
Generation
Dispatch
(MW)
(MW)
780
0
0
0
0
5000
Connection Studies Carried Out
Outline the studies carried out to assess the connection proposal.
Example (replace with non-italicized material appropriate to the project):
•
Power flow (Category A, B, or C from the AESO Reliability Criteria and the Alberta
Reliability Standards)
•
Voltage stability (Category A, B, or C)
•
Short-Circuit analysis
•
Transient stability analysis (Category A, B, or C)
Include any studies required to assess transmission system performance, for example, motor
starting studies (if the customer facility has motor load).
3.4.
Power Flow Analysis
Describe the methodology used for the power flow analysis. For example, whether the studies
were performed for pre-connection conditions and post-connection conditions, whether all
scenarios from Section 3.2 were studied, the purpose of the power flow analysis (for example,
to check thermal overload or voltage deviation), how the studies were run (for example, for 10%
voltage deviation the transformer taps were locked), the assumed power factor. Include all
relevant elements of the power flow study methodology. Include the monitoring quantities, such
as thermal loading. Indicate the study tool utilized.
3.4.1.
Contingencies Studied
List the contingencies studied for each scenario. Use a table. If the contingency list is long, the
list of contingencies can be summarized in sentence form. (For example: Outage of each
transmission element at XX kV and above in the study area was tested for Category B
contingency analysis.)
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Table 18: Contingency List – Transmission Lines
Scenario
System Condition
Outage
From
Substation
To
Substation
1
All transmission
elements in service
(N-0)
1001L
A
B
2
Line 2001L out of
service (N-1)
1001L
A
B
Table 19: Contingency List – Generator/Transformer/SVC/etc.
3.5.
Scenario
System Condition
Outage
Substation
1
All transmission
elements in service
(N-0)
240/138 kV T1
transformer (Bus
10000 to Bus 10001)
SubA 1000S
2
Line 2001L out of
service (N-1)
Generator X
SubB 2000S
Voltage Stability (PV) Analysis
Describe the methodology used for the PV analysis. Indicate which scenarios from Section 3.2
were studied. Explain the purpose of the PV analysis and how the studies were run (for
example, whether the capacitor banks were locked or moving at each step of the PV analysis).
Include any other relevant discussions regarding the PV analysis methodology. Explain the
assumptions made regarding source and sink and the rationales for these assumptions. Indicate
the study tool utilized.
3.5.1.
Contingencies Studied
List the contingencies studied for the PV analysis. Use a table. If the contingency list is long, the
list of contingencies can be summarized in sentence form. (For example: Outage of each
transmission element at XX kV and above in the study area was tested for Category B
contingency analysis.)
Table 20: Contingency List – Transmission Elements
Scenario
System Condition
Outage
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Table 21: Contingency List – Generators/Transformers/SVCs/Etc.
Scenario
3.6.
System Condition
Outage
Substation
Short-Circuit Analysis
Describe the methodology used for the short-circuit analysis. For example, the studies
performed for pre-connection conditions, the studies performed for post–connection conditions,
the system conditions used for the short-circuit analysis, and the fault types and locations.
Include all relevant discussions on the short-circuit analysis methodology. Indicate the study tool
utilized.
3.7.
Transient Stability Analysis
Describe the methodology used for the transient stability analysis. Indicate which scenarios from
Section 3.2 were studied. Explain the purpose of the transient stability analysis and how the
studies were run, for example, XX amount of load was converted into motor load. Include all
relevant discussions regarding the transient stability analysis methodology. Include the
monitoring quantities such as relative machine angle (specify the reference generator). Indicate
the study tool utilized.
3.7.1.
Contingencies Studied
List the contingencies studied for the transient stability analysis. Use a table. If the contingency
list is long, the list of contingencies can be summarized in sentence form. (For example: Outage
of each transmission element at XX kV and above in the study area was tested for Category B
contingency analysis.)
Table 22: Contingency List
Scenario
3.8.
System Condition
Contingency
Fault Description
Sensitivity Studies
Describe the sensitivity studies performed and the intent of the studies. Include the
assumptions. Outline all modifications to the initial set of assumptions. Use a table.
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3.9.
Other Studies (Use a heading for each study type)
Describe the methodology used for any other studies carried out. Use a separate heading for
each study. The headings should match the headings used in Section 3.3.1. Include the intent,
the assumptions, and any relevant discussions regarding the study methodology. Use a table.
4.
4.1.
Pre-Connection System Assessment
Pre-Connection Power Flow Analysis
For each scenario, report and discuss the power flow analysis results. Include tables that
summarize the results with respect to thermal overloads and voltage dip/rise. See Section 6.1.1
for table format examples. In the appropriate attachments, include power flow diagrams that
provide a general representation of the overall study area. Describe the results of the
contingency categories that were analyzed. Present the results for each scenario separately.
4.2.
Pre-Connection Voltage Stability Analysis
Use Power Voltage (PV) curves and tables to show the critical steady state voltage stability
analysis results. For each scenario, provide complete information regarding any Category A,
Category B, and Category C analyses carried out and the outcomes of each. All figures must be
easy to read and have labels for the x axis and the y axis. See Section 6.1.2 for table and figure
format examples. Present the results for each scenario separately.
4.3.
Pre-Connection Transient Stability Analysis
Discuss the main study outcomes of the transient stability analysis. The complete study results
can be included in an attachment.
Use tables and figures to show results of all Category A, Category B and Category C
contingencies examined. See Section 6.1.3 for table and figure format examples. Other figures
that may be included are, for example, line flows, machine active and reactive power, and
system frequency.
5.
5.1.
Connection Alternatives
Overview
List all the conceptual connection alternatives considered.
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Connection Alternatives Evaluated
5.2.
Describe each connection alternative separately. For each alternative, include a connection
diagram that shows the main transmission network in the study area post-connection. Provide
single-line diagrams (SLDs) for the proposed facilities. The connection diagrams and proposed
facilities SLDs can be presented in the appropriate attachment.
Connection Alternatives Selected for Further Studies
5.2.1.
Indicate the connection alternatives that were selected for further studies and explain why each
was selected. For all alternatives selected include single-line diagrams (SLDs) of any proposed
substations.
Connection Alternatives Not Selected for Further Studies
5.2.2.
Note the connection alternatives that were not selected for the connection studies and explain
why each was not selected.
6.
Technical Analysis of the Connection Alternatives
Using the structure below, detail the results of the studies carried out for each connection
alternative. Exclude any subsection that does not apply to the connection studies.
6.1.
Alternative 1
For Alternative 1, describe the results of the studies carried out to evaluate it.
6.1.1.
Power Flow Analysis (Alternative 1)
Present the study results for the power flow analysis of Alternative 1. Use tables and figures
where possible. Present the power flow analysis results for each scenario separately. Evaluate
the results for the scenarios considered. Place the complete study results in the appropriate
attachment.
6.1.1.1.
Scenario 1
Provide the results for all system conditions and contingencies considered, as outlined in
Section 3 (Category A, Category B, and Category C analysis).
Summarize the thermal overload results based on a 100% seasonal static thermal rating
(specify the season). Use a table. In the appropriate attachment sections, include power flow
diagrams that encompass a general representation of the overall study area.
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For each scenario, include a diagram that shows generator output, the switched shunts, and the
SVCs, as appropriate, in the attachment to this section.
Table 23: Summary of System Performance (Element Loading)
Contingency
Branch
Pre-Connection
Post-Connection
Power
Flow
(MVA)
%
Loading
Power
Flow
(MVA)
600
80
800
1001L 240 kV Line
(Substation A to
Substation B)
No Contingency (N-0)
%
Loading
%
DifferLoading
ence
107
27
Show the steady state voltage deviation results following different outages. Show the high-side
bus voltage, and show the point of delivery (PoD) bus voltage for all main substations in the
study region. Use a table.
Table 24: Summary of System Performance (Voltage)
Contingency
Substation
Name and
Number
1001L
(Substation A to
Substation B)
XXXX 1000S
6.1.1.2.
6.1.2.
Initial
Bus No. Base kV Voltage
(kV)
Post
Transient
(kV)
%
Change
Post
Auto
(kV)
%
Change
10000
138
138
130
6
137
1
10001
25
25
23.5
6
25
0
Scenario 2, 3, etc. (use headings appropriate for each scenario)
Voltage Stability Analysis (Alternative 1)
Present the critical voltage stability results using PV curves and tables. Provide the complete
study results regarding the Category A, Category B, and Category C events studied. Present
the voltage stability analysis results for each scenario separately. Discuss the main study
results in this section and include the details in the appropriate attachment.
6.1.2.1.
Scenario 1
All figures must be easy to read and have proper labels for both the x axis and the y axis. See
Figure 1 for an example. The table headings must identify the initial amount of static load in the
study region or the initial transfer level, whichever is applicable. See Table 25 for an example of
a table that shows the stability margin for different system conditions.
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Figure 1: Overview of Critical Voltage Stability Outages (Example)
System Condition: N-FNG,
Area Capacitor banks utilized to prepare for next outage,
RB Area Load = ~140 MW including losses,
Examined: N-FNG-RL1
Rainbow Lake 791S 144kV Bus
155
Voltage (kV) t
150
145
140
Example
135
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
Rainbow Area Total Load (MW)
N-FNG
N-FNG-RL1+LS1
N-FNG-RL1+LS2
N-FNG-RL1+LS3
N-FNG-RL1+LS4
Table 25: Summary of Critical Voltage Stability Outages; Initial Load Level for Area XX is YY MW
System Condition
Worst Case Outage
Incremental Area
Load Increase before
Collapse Point (MW)
Available Voltage
Stability Margin
(%)
Provide additional explanation to clarify the study results and conclusions, as appropriate.
Include any var support devices required to alleviate voltage instability or voltage collapse.
6.1.2.2.
6.1.3.
Scenario 2, 3, etc. (use headings appropriate for each scenario)
Transient Stability Analysis (Alternative 1)
Present the transient stability analysis results for each scenario separately. Use tables and
figures.
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6.1.3.1.
Scenario 1
Provide results for all system conditions and contingencies considered, as outlined in Section 3
(Category A, Category B, and Category C analysis). Discuss the main study outcomes. Place
the complete study results in the appropriate attachment.
Evaluate the transient stability analysis results for the scenarios considered.
Table 26: Summary of Transient Stability
System Condition
Typical operating
condition with all
elements in service
(N-0)
Contingency
Results
Figure #
(Stable/Unstable)
Fault Description and Clearing Times
3ph fault at sub A line 1001L to sub B,
1001L
(sub A to sub B)
5 cycles: trip sub A CB on 1001L to sub B
Stable
7 cycles: trip sub B CB on 1001L to sub A
Use figures to illustrate the system dynamic responses following Category A, Category B, and
Category C contingencies. The figures must be easy to read and properly labelled. The figure
numbers should be noted in the Summary of Transient Stability table and in the attachment.
Include figures for system voltages at key nodes in the study area, relevant generator angles
with respect to the reference generator, the power output of the relevant generators in the area,
and any other relevant information. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are examples of figures that show
system response.
Figure 2: Three-Phase Fault near Example 1S Substation on 1001L (Example)
Bus Voltage (kV)
160
155
150
145
140
Example
135
130
125
120
0
5
Blumenort
10
Ft.Nelson
15
20
High Level
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30
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Figure 3: Transient System Response following Loss of Example Generator (Example)
NW generators angle: N-FNG
0
Example
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
0
5
RB2
6.1.3.2.
6.1.4.
10
RL1
15
RB5
20
Bear Creek (Gas)
25
Bear Creek (Steam)
30
35
H.R.Milner
Scenario 2, 3, etc. (Use headings appropriate for each scenario)
Sensitivity Studies (Alternative 1)
Discuss the results obtained from all sensitivity tests carried out to determine the robustness of
the study conclusions.
6.1.5.
Mitigation Measures for Identified Issues (Alternative 1)
If system performance issues were discovered based on the study results for Alternative 1,
describe the mitigation method(s) proposed to alleviate or manage the condition(s). System
performance issues may include, for example, the following Reliability Criteria violations:
•
Thermal overload based on 100% static seasonal thermal rating
•
Voltage deviation beyond the allowed levels indicated in the AESO Transmission
Reliability Criteria
•
Unacceptable voltage stability margin
Demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation methods using the study results. Use
tables and figures where possible. Include any explanations required to clarify the study
outcome and conclusions.
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Alternatives 2, 3, etc. (Use headings appropriate for each
alternative)
6.2.
Using the structure utilized for Alternative 1, detail the results of the studies carried out for each
of the other connection alternatives studied. Delete any subsection that is not applicable to that
alternative.
Conclusions and Recommendations
6.3.
List the connection alternatives studied and compare the study results of each from a technical
perspective.
Recommend the preferred alternative based on the technical assessment presented in
Section 6. If all alternatives produce very similar system performance, state that all alternatives
are equivalent based on the study results.
Note: If there are a number of feasible alternatives and, based on the technical studies, all the
feasible alternatives generate similar results, the preferred alternative should be selected based
on a matrix that compares the alternatives by their LIA, PIP, economics, and other relevant
merits. This comparison is to be carried out in a separate short report that will be an appendix to
the Needs Identification Document.
7.
Short-Circuit Analysis
7.1.
Pre-Connection
For load connections, include only the analysis after the preferred connection alternative is in
service and explain that the short-circuit current levels would not be changed materially unless
the preferred alternative has a large system addition that will impact short-circuit currents.
For generator connection proposals, include the short-circuit analysis results for before and after
connection of the preferred alternative.
Table 27: Summary of Short-Circuit Current Levels – Pre-Connection (Year 20XX)
Substation
Name and
Number
Base
PreVoltage Fault
(kV)
Voltage
Positive
Zero
Positive
Zero
Sequence
Sequence
PreSequence
Sequence
3-Φ
Thevenin
1-Φ
Thevenin
Fault
Thevenin
Thevenin
Fault
Source
Fault
Source
Voltage
Source
Source
(kA)
Impedance (kA)
Impedance
(pu)
Impedance
Impedance
(R1+jX1)
(R0+jX0)
(R1+jX1)
(R0+jX0)
(pu)
(pu)
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Table 28: Summary of Short-Circuit Current Levels – Pre-Connection (Year 20XX [Year of
Proposed Connection + 10 Years])
Substation
Name and
Number
7.2.
Base
Voltage
(kV)
PreFault
Voltage
PreFault
Voltage
(pu)
3-Φ
Fault
(kA)
Positive
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R1+jX1)
Positive
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R1+jX1)
(pu)
1-Φ
Fault
(kA)
Zero
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R0+jX0)
Zero
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R0+jX0)
(pu)
Post-Connection
Provide post-connection short-circuit current levels for the preferred alternative. Use a table.
Table 29: Summary of Short-Circuit Current Levels – Post-Connection (Year 20XX)
Substation
Name and
Number
Base
Voltage
(kV)
PreFault
Voltage
PreFault
Voltage
(pu)
3-Φ
Fault
(kA)
Positive
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R1+jX1)
Positive
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R1+jX1)
(pu)
1-Φ
Fault
(kA)
Zero
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R0+jX0)
Zero
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R0+jX0)
(pu)
Table 30: Summary of Short-Circuit Current Levels – Post-Connection (Year 20XX [Year of
Proposed Connection + 10 Years])
Substation
Name and
Number
Base
Voltage
(kV)
PreFault
Voltage
PreFault
Voltage
(pu)
3-Φ
Fault
(kA)
Positive
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R1+jX1)
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Positive
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R1+jX1)
(pu)
1-Φ
Fault
(kA)
Zero
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R0+jX0)
Zero
Sequence
Thevenin
Source
Impedance
(R0+jX0)
(pu)
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Project Interdependencies
8.
Discuss if there are any interdependencies between this project and other system projects and
customer connection projects. Indicate the impact of such interdependencies between the
projects.
Summary and Conclusion
9.
Provide a brief summary of the studies performed and the conclusions reached. Include any
mitigation measures needed to facilitate the preferred customer connection while ensuring
system reliability and respect for all AESO requirements, criteria, standards, and rules.
(Note: Make sure the information in the Summary and Conclusion and the information in the
Executive Summary are consistent.)
Include the following:
•
Organization proposing the project
•
Project content
•
Project location
•
Project purpose
•
In-Service date
•
Overview of connection alternatives studied
•
An overview of the technical assessment of the alternative(s)
•
Mitigation measures required, if any
•
Conclusions reached as a result of the connection studies
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Attachment A
Dynamic Data of all Equipment Proposed for Connection
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Attachment B
Pre-Connection Power Flow Analysis Results
(Scenarios 1 to XX)
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Attachment C
Pre-Connection Voltage Stability Analysis Results
(Scenarios 1 to XX)
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Attachment D
Pre-Connection Transient Stability Analysis Results
(Scenarios 1 to XX)
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Attachment E
Connection Alternatives – Connection Diagrams and
Proposed Facility SLD
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Attachment F
Alternative 1: Power Flow Analysis Results
(Scenarios 1 to XX)
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Attachment G
Alternative XX: Power Flow Analysis Results
(Scenarios 1 to XX)
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Attachment H
Alternative 1: Voltage Stability Analysis Results
(Scenarios 1 to XX)
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Attachment I
Alternative XX: Voltage Stability Analysis Results
(Scenarios 1 to XX)
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Attachment J
Alternative 1: Transient Stability Analysis Results
(Scenarios 1 to XX)
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Attachment K
Alternative XX: Transient Stability Analysis Results
(Scenarios 1 to XX)
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