Questions for exam in infectious diseases – 5 th year – 2005/2006
Part I: 1 question
1.
Acute pharyngitis (sore throat) syndrome - clinical forms (catarrhal, pseudomembranous, ulcerative) - etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy.
2.
Acute epiglottitis, laryngitis and laryngotracheitis. Etiology, clinical features, age differences, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy.
3.
Community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical forms, etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, therapy.
4.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia. Predisposing factors, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, complications, therapy.
5.
Purulent meningitis (incl. neonatal age). Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, complications, therapy.
6.
Aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. Etiology (with respect to geographic area), clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis if available.
7.
Infectious diseases causing paralysis. Etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis if available.
8.
Acute diarrhoeal disease. Pathogenesis of diarrhoea, host factors of resistance, etiology, clinical features, laboratory, symptomatic and causative therapy.
9.
Skin and soft tissue infections, wound infections (tetanus, rabies). Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis if available.
10.
Anaerobic infections. Etiology, pathophysiology, clinical forms and features, diagnosis, therapy.
11.
Infectious diseases with maculopapular exanthem as main symptom. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis (incl. non-infectious diseases), complications, therapy.
12.
Infectious diseases with vesicular or pustular exanthem as main symptom. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis (incl. non-infectious diseases), complications, therapy.
13.
General overview of liver infections. Parenchymatic infections diffuse and focal, hepatobiliary infections. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis.
14.
Upper and lower urinary tract infections. Etiology, predisposing factors, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy.
15. Infective endocardititis. Etiology, predisposing factors, clinical features, diagnosis,
therapy, prophylaxis if available.

Part II: 1 question
1.
Lymphadenopathy. Infectious and noninfectious causes, differential diagnosis.
2.
Sepsis, septic shock. Definition, etiology, clinical features, laboratory, complex therapy.
3.
Fever of unknown origin. Diagnostic approach, common causes in temperate climatic zones.
4.
Fever in patient returning from tropics. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, empiric treatment.
5.
Air-borne infections preventable by regular vaccination (diphtheria, pertussis, epidemic parotitis, measles, rubella)
6.
Diarrhoea in patient returning from tropics. Etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy, prevention.
7.
Mucosal and systemic fungal infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy.
8.
Infectious diseases during pregnancy. Congenital and perinatal infections. Antimicrobial chemotherapy in pregnancy.
9.
Biological weapons, with emphasis on anthrax.
10.
Tick-borne zoonoses (tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme borreliosis, tularemia, ehrlichiosis).
Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy.
11.
Penicillins. Drugs, antibacterial spectra, indications, doses, adverse effects, mechanisms of resistance.
12.
Cephalosporins and carbapenems. Drugs, antibacterial spectra, indications, adverse effects.
13.
Macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol. Drugs, antibacterial spectra, indications, adverse effects.
14.
Aminoglycosides and glycopeptides. Drugs, antibacterial spectra, indications, adverse effects. Monitoring of therapy.
15.
Fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazol. Drugs, antibacterial spectra, indications, adverse effects.
16.
Antibiotic therapy of Gram-positive infections.
17.
Antibiotic therapy of Gram-negative infections.
18.
Antibiotic therapy of anaerobic infections.

19.
Antibiotic therapy of nosocomial infections (resistant bacteria).
20.
Chemotherapy of fungal infections. Drugs, indications.
21.
Antibiotic - associated colitis. Etiology, clinical course, diagnosis, therapy.
22.
Mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, ways to delay the development of resistance.
Part III (1 question)
1.
Staphylococcal infections. Toxic shock syndrom. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, therapy.
2.
Streptococcal and pneumococcal infections. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, therapy.
3.
Meningococcal and gonococcal infections. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis.
4.
Salmonellosis, typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy, carriage.
5.
Campylobacteriosis, Shigella dysentery and other bacterial hemorhagic enterocolitis.
Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy.
6.
Zoonoses: brucellosis, listeriosis, Q fever, leptospirosis, tularemia. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy.
7.
Influenza. Etiology, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, therapy, prophylaxis.
8.
HIV infection. Routes of infection, classification, clinical features and course, diagnosis, therapy, prognosis.
9.
Opportunistic infections in HIV disease. Clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis.
10.
Viral hepatitis A – E. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis.
11.
Amoebiasis, giardiasis. Routes of infection, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy.
12.
Mosquito-bite protozoan infections: malaria, visceral leishmaniasis. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis.
13.
Toxoplasmosis (incl. congenital). Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy.
14.
Intestinal helminthiases (intestinal nematodes, cestodes). Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy.

15.
Extraintesinal helminthiases (schistosomiasis, tissue nematodoses). Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, therapy.
16.
Infections, whose prophylaxis and therapy is based on use of hyperimmune specific immunoglobulin: botulism, tetanus, rabies, diphtheria. Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, therapy, prophylaxis.
Students also may be asked and should have sufficient knowledge about mechanisms of antiinfectious defense, despite not included in exam questions:
 anatomical barriers (skin and mucous membranes), non-specific mechanisms operating on skin and mucosal surfaces, indigenous microbial flora
 non-specific humoral and cellular mechanisms operating in tissues, blood and other body fluid
 specific immunity, role of T and B-lymphocytes, specific antibodies, their functions and timing