1. Decomposers
a) get energy from non-living organisms b) convert organic materials into inorganic
compounds c) a+b d) neither a nor b
2. Nutrients in an ecosystem are a) dissipated or reduced as they pass through the ecosystem
b) recycled c) a+b d) neither a nor b
3. The Hubbard Brook experiment showed the following
a) less nitrogen is exported in the deforested
area b) nitrogen levels did not recover for at least two years after deforestation c) a+b
d) neither a nor b
4. Seuss’s research showed a) that fossil fuel burning has increased CO2 levels
levels are causing global warming c) a+b d) neither a nor b
b) that increased CO2
5. In Howard Odum’s food chain study, which trophic level were small fish?
b) 2
6. Which type of organism does cellular respiration?
d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above
a) 1
c) 3
d) 4
a) producer b) consumer c) decomposer
7. Why is the paradox of the plankton a paradox? a) because it is an inverted biomass pyramid
b) because zooplankton reproduce more quickly than the phytoplankton
c) a+b d) neither a nor b
8. Which process returns N2 to the atmosphere? a) denitrification
c) nitrogen fixation d) assimilation
b) ammonification
9. Which organisms have highest PCBs in a Great Lakes food web?
b) zooplankton
c) smelt
d) lake trout e) herring gulls
a) phytoplankton
10. Which is true about ozone depletion in the atmosphere?
a) chlorine concentrations in the atmosphere
have stabilized
b) it was shown to damage DNA in plants in South America
c) a+b
d) neither a nor b
11. Is an ecosystem’s GPP always larger than its NPP?
a) yes b) no
1. Which of the following reduces genetic diversity?
a) random loss of alleles
b) polymorphism
c) monomorphism d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above h) none of the above
2. Which of the following helped researchers identify (tentatively) an ivory bill woodpecker?
a) color
pattern on back
b) feeding pattern c) wing-beat frequency
d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c
g) all of the above h) none of the above
3. Which of the following can influence the extinction vortex?
c) genetic drift
d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above
a) inbreeding b) small populations
h) none of the above
4. Where are red-cockaded woodpeckers most likely to be found?
b) pines surrounded by low understory c) dead pines
a) thick, dense pines
5. In a polygynous population of three males and three females, all females breed, but only one male breeds.
What’s the genetically effective population size (Ne)? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 f) 6 g) 9
h) 10
6. If you start with 8 grams of 14C today, approximately how many grams will remain after 3 half lives? a) 0
b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4 f) 5
g) 6 h) 7 i) 8
7. What is true of models of global warming derived by scientists?
of global temperature by at least one degree C in the next 100 years
interacting variables c) a+b d) neither a nor b
a) most, but not all, predict an increase
b) they all consider a large number of
8. Which is true of Newman and Pilson’s study of evening primrose? a) plants from high Ne populations grew
taller b) plants from high Ne populations had higher fruit set c) a+b d) neither a nor b
9. Which had the highest extinction rate in Gonzalez’s experiment on small arthropods in moss habitats? a)
habitats with immigration corridors
b) habitats with pseudocorridors c) completely fragmented
habitats
d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above
10. Which of the following provides some evidence that introduction of Nile perch has caused the collapse of
Haplochromine populations in Lake Victoria?
a) increase in Nile perch was associated with decrease in
Haplochromines in all populations that were studied
b) recent overharvesting of Nile perch is associated
with increases in Haplochromine populations
c) a+b d) neither a nor b
11. Which of the following is not a biological diversity hot spot?
b) Costa Rica c) the Amazon region
d) southeast Asia
a) central Australia
1. Which of the following is true of traits influenced by natural selection?
a) there is variation between
individuals in a population b) favorable traits will be more frequent in the next generation
c) natural selection can decrease the number of favorable traits in a population
d) a+b e) a+c
f) b+c g) all of the above h) none of the above
2. Which trait is selected for in guppies in pools with pike and cichlid predators
a) bright coloration b) dull coloration
3. Which is true of the 3TC drug? a) interferes with reverse transcription
selects for resistant viruses d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above
b) mimics shape of cytosine c)
4. Who believed that species were fixed (did not changed over time)? a) Aristotle
c) Lamarck d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above h) none of the above
5. Which of the following is an example of a vestigial trait?
of cat and whale have a radius and ulna c) a+b d) neither a nor b
?
b) Linnaeus
a) hind limb of a whale
b) forelimb
6. Which is an example of how biogeography is used to understand evolution a) sugar gliders in Australia are
similar to flying squirrels in North America
b) endemic island species are often closely related to species
from the nearby mainland c) a+b d) neither a nor b
7. How is Australopithecus boisei different from modern humans
a) A. boisei had a much larger cranial
capacity
b) A. boisei had much larger molars c) A. boisei had more pronounced brow ridges d)
a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above h) none of the above
8. Do individuals evolve?
a) yes b) no
9. Which are the main ideas in Darwin’s book, “On the Origin of Species”
a) natural selection brings about
the match between organisms and the environment
b) humans and chimpanzees share a common
ancestor
c) descent with modifications explains life’s unity and diversity
d) a+b
e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above h) none of the above
10. What were two disadvantages that Darwin faced?
could not observe evolution occurring in real time
a) his generation did not understand genetics
c) a+b d) neither a nor b
b) he
11. The node on an evolutionary tree is b) a time in the future where two lineages will converge
b) a time in the past where two species share a common ancestor
c) a+b d) neither a nor b
1. Which is an example of a postzygotic barrier? a) reduced fertility of hybrids
b) reduced survival of
hybrid c) hindering fertilization after successful mating d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above h) none of
the above
2. Which species concept emphasizes the unity within a species to define a species? a) biological
b) ecological c) morphological
d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above h) none of the above
3. What is a limitation of the biological species concept? a) it applies to organisms that reproduce asexually
b) species are designated by the presence of gene flow c) no way to evaluate the reproductive isolation of
fossils d) a+b e) a+c f) b+c g) all of the above h) none of the above
4. In Dodd’s experiment with fruit flies, after 40 generations with two different food sources for two fly
populations, reproductive isolation was a) nonexistent b) partial
c) complete
5. If a few flies from the starch population had been placed in the maltose population and vice versa, the rate of
reproductive isolation would
a) increase b) be unaffected
c) slow down
6. The big horns of rams have evolved from
selection
c) intrasexual selection
a) natural selection affecting survival
b) intersexual
7. Based on the videos we saw in class, which of the following advertise toxicity based on their color
a) spotted skunk
b) caterpillars
c) a+b d) neither a nor b
8. Which eats slugs? a) thirst snake
b) frilled lizard
c) caterpillars d) stick bug
e) tomato frog
9. In medium ground finches, which is an adaptation after rainy years a) large beaks b) small beaks
c) there is no selective advantage to beaks of any particular size
10. In Rhagoletis fruit flies a) they overwinter as larvae
b) Hawthorne adapted flies emerge earlier than
apple adapted flies c) they are probably in the early stages of allopatric speciation d) a+b e) a+c
f) b+c g) all of the above h) none of the above
11. Autopolyploidy in plants can lead to
d) neither
a) sympatric speciation
b) allopatric speciation
c) both