Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 1, Squier & Davis 1848:145
Burial
None
Brown 1994:58
Squire & Davis 1848:144-5
Squier & Davis 1848: Plate XLVI
Feature Description:
- On top of a layer of overlapping sheets of mica covering an ash-filled basin
- Basin is nine feet in diameter at bottom, five feet diameter at lip, 20 inches high
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Potsherds (?)
- some decorated (Squier & Davis 1848:Plate XLVI)
- more than one vessel
3. Copper earspools (“a few”)
4. Mica sheets (many)
- overlapping
- above basin and ashes, but below cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Altar
Burial
None
Squier & Davis 1848:147-148
Mills 1922:442
Brown 1994:59 [called Crematory Basin #1]
Relevant Figures & Plates: Squier & Davis 1848: Plate XLVI, Figure 39
Feature Description:
- Regular parallelogram
- ten feet long by eight feet wide at base
- six feet by four feet at top
- 18 inches high
- Covered in primary mound (figure 39)
Contents:
1. Ash unmixed with charcoal (1)
- 3 inches thick
2. Pottery fragments (Squier & Davis 1848: Plate XLVI, No. 2)
- bird depicted, with hooked beak
3. Shell and pearl beads (“a few”)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Crematory Basin 1
Burial
None
Mills 1922:443
Figures 8 - 9
Feature Description:
- About 10 feet north of Burials 5 and 6
- Six feet long, four feet wide, six inches deep
- Oriented nearly east-west [per map]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- small quantity
2. Pottery fragments (10 pieces)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Crematory Basin 2
Burial
None
Mills 1922:443
Brown 1994:60 [called Crematory Basin #3]
Mills 1922: Figure 40
Feature Description:
- Four feet north of Crematory Basin 1
- Drawn as a rectangular basin slightly larger than six feet by four feet
Contents:
1. Broken pottery ware (1) – (figure 40)
- fancy
- bird depicted
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 1
Burial
None
Mills 1922:443
Feature Description:
- No preparation
- No artifacts
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 2
Burial
None
Mills 1922:443
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 3
Burial
None
Mills 1922:443
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1, Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 4
Burial
None
Mills 1922:443
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Pearl beads (47)
- necklace
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 5
Burial
None
Mills 1922:443
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 6
Burial
None
Mills 1922:443
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 7
Burial
None
Mills 1922:443
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burials 8 through 15
Burial
None
Mills 1922:445
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 16
Burial
None
Mills 1922:445-446
Feature Description:
- Located 25 feet directly north of Crematory Basin 2
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Mica plates (2)
- large
- under cremated remains and cut to fit floor of grave
- 15 by 11 inches, by ¼ inch thick and 16 by 9 by ¼ inches for second plate
3. Copper pendants (16)
- six inches long; ovate; perforated for attachment
- located with remains and above mica plates
4. Copper alligator teeth (22)
- located with remains and above mica plates
5. Copper buttons (12)
- filled with colored clay
- located with remains
6. Elk canines (35)
- perforated
- located with remains
7. Marine shell beads (12)
- perforated [accession records]
- olivella
- located with remains
8. Pearl and shell bead necklace (330 beads)
- [BeadNeck]
- located with remains
9. Large obsidian spear point (1)
- near edge of burial
- place vertically
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 17
Burial
None
Mills 1922:446
Feature Description:
- Prepared grave; basin dug 12 inches deep and 18 inches diameter
- West of Burial 16
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Thin mica sheets (5)
- unknown position
3. Barrel-shaped shell beads (“several”)
- unknown position
4. Miniature platform pipe (1)
- less than 1 ½ inches long
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 2, Burial 18
Burial
None
Mills 1922:446
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Pearl and shell beads (“a few”)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 3, Crematory Basin 1
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Mills 1922:498-507
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- Near the center of the mound are found 2 crematory basins, an older one which was
abandoned and used as an artifact repository, and a newer one presumably used for
cremation
- The old basin was eight feet long by five feet wide, while the new basin was 12 feet
long and seven feet wide
- these were built with their narrow ends barely 18 inches apart on the mound
floor
- A carbonaceous layer was found over the entire altar and resting along the slopes of
the altar in places were logs molds and tracers of burned timbers that had lain there
- earth had been heaped over these logs while they were still embers
Contents:
1. Pottery (“a quantity of”, perhaps 12 vessels)
- intermixed with coal and ash
- at least one is fancy
- one reconstructed (Squier & Davis 1848:189 #1 [Brown, 1994])
2. Implements of copper (“many”)
- broken up and burned
3. Implements of stone (“many”)
- broken up and mixed with coal and ash
4. “Spearheads” (“perhaps 1 bushel”)
- quartz and chert [Brown 1994]
- all fragmentary except four specimens
5. Large quartz crystal fragments (“several”)
- some at least 3-4 inches diameter
6. Large garnet crystal fragments (“several”)
- some at least 3-4 inches diameter
7. Obsidian arrow-point (1)
8. Limpid quartz arrow points/ knife blades (50-100)
- one was four inches long and well made
9. Copper gravers or chisels (2)
- one is eight inches; one is six inches
10. Copper tubes (20 or more)
- 1 ¼ inches by 3/8 inches
11. Platform pipes (2)
- carved from stone similar to Potomac marble
- Toucan-like bird cut from white limestone [Pileated Woodpecker, Brown 1994]
12. Shell and pearl beads
13. Perforated shark’s teeth
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 3, Burial 1
Burial
None
Brown 1994:64
Feature Description:
- Buried on floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 3, Burial 2
Burial
None
Mills 1922:506
Feature Description:
- Near western edge of the structure
- Covered by a small primary mound
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Large button-shaped copper ornament (1)
- unknown position
3. Shell bead necklace (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 3, Burial 3
Burial
None
Mills 1922:506
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- ashes sifted out
2. Arrow/spear-points of bluish gray flint (“many”)
- scattered promiscuously around and over the remains for several feet
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 3, Burial 4
Burial
None
Brown 1994:64
Feature Description:
- No information
- Buried on floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 5, Altar
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Squier and Davis 1848:149
Feature Description:
- Regular parallelogram with a basin
- Intensely heated at one or several times
Contents:
1. Galena pieces (1)
- weighing 2 ounces to 3 pounds
- 30 pounds total
- mixed with clay lumps
2. Fine clay lumps
- “unctuous feel”
- appears to have originally been a vessel mold
- mixed with galena
3. Charcoal
- light wood
- few ashes remain
- around the deposit
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Mica Crescent
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Squier and Davis 1848:154
Mills 1922:473
Feature Description:
- Outer edge rested on a shelf of sand
- 20 feet from end to end (Squier & Davis 1848)
- Actually only about eight feet by four feet (Mills 1922)
- Sort of rounded rectangle following contour of primary mound over Burial 9
Contents:
1. Mica sheets (many)
- round sheets 10 inches to one foot diameter
- overlapping one another “like fish scales”
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 1
Burial
None
Mills 1922:483
Feature Description:
- Southwest side of structure four feet above base
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper axe, double-bitted (1)
- very fine craftsmanship
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 2
Burial
None
Mills 1922:483
Feature Description:
- Placed in a pocket-like receptacle in the earth.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper spoon-shaped pendants (2)
- unknown position
3. Shell beads (“a number of”)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 3
Burial
None
Mills 1922:485-486
Feature Description:
- Rectangular enclosure, six feet six inches by five feet.
- Enclosed by eight inch diameter logs
- Five inch high platform for remains
- Covered by small primary mound [Brown 1994]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Obsidian spear (1)
- large, notched
- eight inches long
- unknown position
3. Button-shaped copper ornament (1)
- one inch diameter [accession list]
- unknown position
4. Necklace of pearl and shell beads (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 4
Burial
None
Mills 1922:486
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- Low platform 18 inches in diameter
- Covered by small mound [Brown 1994]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Curved copper objects (3)
- fishhook-shaped
- unknown position
3. Large spear points (2)
- one of hyaline quartz
- one of obsidian
- unknown position
4. Very thin copper ornaments (“several”)
- fragments
- [possibly cutouts]
- unknown position
5. Necklace
- silver-covered wood beads and pearl beads
- accession list says copper covered wooden beads
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 5
Burial
None
Mills 1922:486
Feature Description:
- Hollowed out bowl in a tree stump to hold the cremated remains
- Directly north of Burial 3
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Cut jaws
- type and number not given
- unknown position
3. Teeth
- type and number not given
- unknown position
4. Beads
- type and number not given
- unknown position
5. Large bone with awl (1)
- unknown position
6. Beads (“a number of”)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 6
Burial
None
Mills 1922: 487
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- On a low clay platform [Brown 1994]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1) [Brown 1994]
2. Shell bead necklace (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 7
Burial
None
Mills 1922: 487
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- On a low clay platform [Brown 1994]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Shell bead necklace (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 8
Burial
None
Brown 1994:71
Feature Description:
- Probably on a low clay platform
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Shell bead necklace (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 9
Burial
None
Mills 1922:489-494
Brown 1994
Figure 62
Feature Description:
- Burial covered by a small mound of earth
- A mica “crescent”, first described by Squire and Davis, laid out as a somewhat
curved rectangle over the grave and made to fit the contour of the base of the small
mound over Burial 9
- The Burial chamber itself is rectangular, with log walls two logs deep, the timbers
eight or nine inches in diameter
- Logs held in place by boulders
- Floor raised to form a 6 inch platform
- seven feet long by six feet wide [per map]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- in center of platform, over and around object number 2
2. “Toad-stool-like” Baton or wand of copper covered wood (1)
- 13 ½ inches long
- laying at center of platform
- intended perhaps to represent the so-called death-cup of deadly amanita?
- under remains [Brown 1994]
3. Eagle-head design plate (1)
- actually falcon [Brown 1994]
- copper plate/ cutout with conventional eagle heads on all 4 corners – (figure 62)
- necks are serpentine
- size is 10 inches
- next to cremated remains; to the south of them
4. Second eagle-head design plate (1)
- actually falcon [Brown 1994]
- similar to number three above but even more conventionalized
- to the north of the cremated remains
5. Copper headdress
- head and horns of an animal (1)
- also fabric, skin, fur [Brown 1994]
- southwest of remains
- buffalo? [Brown 1994]
6. Copper flying eagles (2)
- at southeast and northeast of remains
- each one foot long
7. Copper pendants
- unknown position
8. Pearl and shell bead necklaces
- unknown position
9. Broken spear-points of “rock crystal”
- quartz?
- unknown position
10. Large mica sheets (many)
- rectangular
- 14 by 10 inches
- covering entire grave
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 10
Burial
None
Mills 1922:493-494
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- Northwest side of mound
- On clay platform [Brown 1994]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- more than usual
2. Necklace of bone beads (1)
- unknown position
3. Perforated bear canines (“several”)
- accession list says “five”
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 11
Burial
None
Mills 1922:483-484
Feature Description:
- Northeast side of mound
- Three feet above the floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Flint-knives (2)
- [other flint prismatic blade]
- unknown position
3. Barrel-shaped bone bead necklace (1)
- unknown position
4. Shell beads (“a number of”)
- only mentioned in accession lists
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 12
Burial
None
Mills 1922:494-496
Feature Description:
- Platform (raised) six feet six inches long by five feet wide
- Oriented north-south
- Logs form sepulcher
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Turtle effigy belt (1)
- leather with copper turtles
- 18 copper turtles; two inches long by 1 ½ inches wide
- pebbles or beads places inside as rattles
- northwest corner of platform
3. Obsidian spears (2)
- [ross-barbed biface]
- large and well made
- 7 ¾ inches long; one almost transparent
- near effigy turtles at northwest corner of platform
4. Large copper plate (1)
- one side covered in leather
- near center of grave
5. Copper earspools (2)
- one lobe covered with silver
- associated with the large copper plate
6. Star-like copper figures (“more than a dozen”)
- 2 ¼ inches in diameter; all 11-spiked except one, 10 spiked example
- covering north-central and eastern parts of the grave
7. Copper bats (?) (2)
- [probably duck’s feet]
- conventionalized
- five inches long by 6 ½ inches wide
- mixed with copper stars
8. Eagle copper plate (1)
- upright posture
- eyes, feathers and body lines in repose
- large pearl on back of neck attached by thread
- in same area as stars and bats
9. Copper pendants (“over 1 dozen”)
- spoon shape
- six to eight inches long; ovate and concave
- general form is that of laurel oak leaf
- shell and copper beads oxidized to inside
- east central part of grave
10. Circular mica sheet (1)
- probably mirror
- south of remains; 11 inch diameter
11. Effigy horn of copper (1)
- resembling mountain goat horn; nine inches long and corrugated
- near mica sheet
12. Human effigy copper headdress (1)
- southwest corner of platform
- headless and handless
- human female form
- nine inches long
- curved to fit crown of the head
13. Necklaces (“several”)
- pearl beads/ bear claws and shark’s teeth
- also shell and copper beads
- unclear whether all three in one necklace or beads separate from claws and teeth
- southeast corner
14. Copper ornaments (“a number of”)
- southeast corner
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 7, Burial 13
Burial
None
Mills 1922:496-497
Feature Description:
- Rectangular depository cut into the floor intaglio-like to a depth of nine inches
- The depository basin was enclosed with logs 9-10 inches in diameter
- A clay platform within the depository basin was four inches high
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1?)
- on mica sheets which were over a copper axe in about the center of the platform
2. Copper axe (1)
- finely made
- covered by mica sheets
- located near center of clay platform
3. Mica sheets
- covering the greater part of the clay platform
4. Large crystal quartz spear (1)
- fragmentary
- mixed with cremation
5. Shell bead necklace (1)
- mixed with cremation
6. Bone needles (2)
- position unclear
7. Marine shell vessels (7)
- fulgur perversum
- placed around 3 sides of the basin
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Central Altar
Burial
None
Mills 1922:434-441
Squier & Davis 1848:152-153
Feature Description:
- At center of mound
- Sand and burnt loam cover
- Crematory basin:
- six feet two inches long by four feet
- rectangular with eastern edges rounded, as with Turner Mound 3 Central Altar
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- in basin; probably cremated elsewhere
Note: Interpretation of the Central Altar as containing no artifacts is based on “ultimate
conclusions” of Mills 1922:440-441. In reality, the Mound 8 depository was quite close
to the Central Altar, and may have been intended to be part of the same burial or deposit.
However, Mills seems fairly certain that most of the artifacts recovered by Squier and
Davis came from the depository rather than the “altar” itself.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Depository
Burial
None
Mills 1922:434-441
Squier & Davis 1848:152-153
Figure 142, 143, 144
Feature Description:
- At southwest corner of crematory basin in center of mound
- Sand and burnt loam cover
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- in basin; probably cremated elsewhere
Squier and Davis Artifacts:
- probably all from depository but some may have come from crematory basin.
- may have originally been in a bag
2. Platform pipes (“nearly 200”)
- mostly red porphyritic stone
- three human head pipes
- hard compact black stone (Squier & Davis figure 142)
- fifteen pearls encircle upper face from ear to ear
- compact yellowish stone (Squier & Davis figure 144)
- ears perforated with four small holes around upper area
- compact stone
- extremely fine craftsmanship
- other pipes types:
a. otter holding fish
b. heron holding fish
c. hawk holding small bird
d. panther
e. bear
f. wolf
g. beaver
h. otter
i. squirrel
j. raccoon
k. hawk
l. heron
m. crow
n. swallow
o. buzzard
p. parakeet
q. toucan
r. turtle
s. frog
t. toad
u. rattlesnake
3. Human head sculpture (1) (figure 143)
- ears perforated and copper residue remains
4. Pearl and shell beads (“many”)
5. Copper disks, tubes, etc. (“numerous”)
6. Silver covered copper ornaments (“a number”)
8. Platform pipe fragments (50)
- from deposit near crematory basin [Mills 1922]
- [combined numerically with the approximately 200 pipes noted above]
9. Pearl and shell beads (“many”)
- from deposit near crematory basin [Mills 1922]
10. Galena crystals (“a number”)
- from bottom and edges of deposit mold
- from deposit near crematory basin [Mills 1922]
11. Whitneyite (copper arsenide) (“several fragments”)
- fused through heating
- from deposit near crematory basin [Mills 1922]
12. Galena bead (1)
- modified crystal
- from deposit near crematory basin [Mills 1922]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Feature 8-2
Burial
None
Brown 1994:76
Feature Description:
- Small bathtub-shaped pit
- 1.5 feet north-south, 0.8 feet east-west, 0.58 feet deep
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Platform pipe (1)
- base only
- in dark fill [presumably over burial]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Burial 1
Burial
None
Mills 1922:433
Feature Description:
- Slight depression in the floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper artifacts (16)
- hammered together
- breastplates
- ear ornaments
- pendants
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Burial 2
Burial
None
Mills 1922:434
Feature Description:
- Basin-like depression in the floor
- One foot deep
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Imitation eagle claws (3)
- copper
- unknown position
3. Awl (1)
- copper
- long and slender
- unknown position
4. Shell disks (“several”)
- large
- perforated
- unknown position
5. Shell disks (“many”)
- small
- perhaps 50
- one had bird head design
- unknown position
6. Shell and pearl beads (100 [accession list])
- unknown position
7. Perforated elk canines (“about 100”)
- unknown position
8. Imitation elk teeth (“several”)
- unknown position
9. Perforated bear canines (?)
- unknown position
10. Imitation bear and mountain lion canines (?)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Burial 3
Burial
None
Mills 1922:434
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- Similar to Mound 8 Burial 2 “Basin like depression of 1 foot depth”
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Flake knives and associated core (“several”)
- core was the one from which knives were made
- unknown position
3. Slate gorgets (2)
- one perforated
- unknown position
4. Pottery fragments
- unknown position
5. Perforated elk canines (“a number”, actually 150 plus) [Brown 1994]
- unknown position
6. Copper beads (5)
- unknown position
7. Necklace of bear and grey wolf claw bones (1)
- unknown position
8. Elk canines (6)
- (perforated) in shell [Brown 1994]
- unknown position
9. Copper awl (1) [Brown 1994]
- eight inches
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Burial 5
Burial
None
Mills 1922:434
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Burial 6
Burial
None
Mills 1922:434
Feature Description:
- Small basin-like receptacle
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper breastplate (1)
- small
- six inches long by 3 ½ inches wide
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Burial 7
Burial
None
Mills 1922:434
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 8, Burial 8
Burial
None
Mills 1922:434
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 9, Burials 1 through 14
Burial
None
Mills 1922:508
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (14)
- found in Mound 9
- none of which had accompanying artifacts
- a few pieces of mica with Burial 13
No Artifacts (Burials 1-12, 14)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 10, Feature 11
Burial
None
Brown 1994:141
Feature Description:
- Located on the floor of Mound 10
- Size is 0.8 feet NE-SW by 0.8 feet NW-SE
- On a patch of the subfloor structure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- cremated
- long bones and parts of a calvarium
2. Copper headdress pieces (2)
- concavo-convex and of sheet copper
- at northwest edge of feature facing each other
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 10, Feature 12A
Burial
None
Brown 1994:142
Feature Description:
- In a subfloor pit in the southeast corner of the submound structure
- On a bed of charcoal (radiocarbon dated)
- Size is 2.4 feet N-S, 1.1 feet E-W
- Most skull fragments at south end
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper sagittal headdress (1)
- about one foot south of the skeleton
3. Copper adze (1)
- wrapped in cloth
- about 1 foot south of skeleton and partially within headdress
4. Potsherd (1)
- cord-marked
- midway between copper goods and remains
Sex: probable male
Age: around 19 years (epiphyseal)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 12, Burial 1
Burial
None
Brown 1994:143
Feature Description:
- 0.5 feet above the mound floor
- Size is 1.08 feet long north-south by 0.89 feet east-west
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Sex: Female?
Age: Middle Adult?
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 12, Burial 2
Burial
None
Mills 1922:459
Feature Description:
- Shallow basin 12 inches diameter
- Covered with three to four inches of clay
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Necklace of small shell beads (1)
- unknown position
3. Copper pendant (1)
- small
- unknown position
4. Gray wolf canines (“a few”)
- unknown position
5. Light-colored flint spearpoint
- three inches by 1 ½ inches
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 12, Burial 3
Burial
None
Mills 1922:459
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 12, Feature 8
Burial
None
Brown 1994:82
Feature Description:
- Floor burial found six inches above an undisturbed portion of the original floor
structure.
- Cremation was within a dark stained area measuring 1.37 feet north-south, 1.55 feet
east-west
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Note: Sherds and mica flakes in fill.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 1
Burial
Burials 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D
Mills 1922:448-451
Figure 44, 46
Feature Description:
- A large depository lined with mica sheets and containing 4 cremations
- Seven feet by 6 ½ feet and somewhat oval in outline; covered by clay primary
mound
- Surrounded by a line of posts
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (4)
2. Copper head-shield (1)
- 11 inches long
- beside “one” cremation
3. Circular mica object (1)
- probably mirror
- one foot in diameter
- beside “another” cremation
4. Pipes (100 pieces)
- in ridge around depository
5. Pearl and shell beads (“many”)
- in ridge around depository
6. Animal canines
- wolf & raccoon [accession list]
- perforated
- in ridge around depository
7. Galena crystals
- 25 pounds in weight
- in ridge around depository
8. Whitneyite (copper arsinide) pieces
- large
- some three pounds each
- in ridge around depository
9. Shark’s teeth
- perforated
- in ridge around depository
10. Quartz and obsidian spear points
- in ridge around depository
11. Effigy platform pipe (2) (figure 44)
- frog
- pipe reconstruction
- grey Ohio pipestone
- eyes probably set with pearls or copper
12. Dark chocolate-colored Ohio pipestone
- pipe reconstruction
- four inches long and 1 ½ inches wide
13. Effigy pipes (2) – (figure 46)
- pipe reconstruction
- crows
14. Bone and copper awls (1 each)
- in ridge around depository
15. Breast plate (2) [accession list]
- in ridge around depository
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 2
Burial
None
Mills 1922:451
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- Remains in center, artifacts surrounding
- Eight feet directly north of Depository 1
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Copper earspools (2)
- surrounding cremation
3. Flint spear point (1)
- large
- broken
- “surrounding” cremation
4. Double-headed eagle copper forms (3)
- not breastplates
- vultures [Brown, 1994]
- surrounding cremation
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 3
Burial
None
Mills 1922:451-452
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- East of Burial 2
- Raised platform one inch above floor
- Cremated remains in center and surrounded by artifacts
- Four feet by 5 ½ feet [Brown 1994]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Obsidian spear-point (2)
- large
- nine inches long; 4 broad (1)
- six inches long (1)
- all artifacts were “around” the cremation
3. Flint spear point (1)
- three inches long
- all artifacts were “around” the cremation
4. Copper earspools (4)
- all artifacts were “around” the cremation
5. Copper cone-like beads (6)
- all artifacts were “around” the cremation
6. Copper tubular beads (6)
- all artifacts were “around” the cremation
7. Copper strips (5)
- edge binders for fabric (?)
- all artifacts were “around” the cremation
8. Large copper headdress of bear (?) (1)
- ears movable
- legs attached to body with rivets
- all artifacts were “around” the cremation
9. Woven fabric (“small amount”)
- evidently part of headdress
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 4
Burial
None
Mills 1922:452
Feature Description:
- East of Burial 3 between Burials 1 and 3
- Low platform one inch from floor
- Remains at one end, artifacts at other end
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- at one end of platform
2. Helmet-like copper headdress
- at cremation edge
3. Three sets imitation deer antlers
- nine inches long; plain; slightly curved
- six inches long; three tines each
- six inches long; four tines each
- at cremation edge
4. Effigy hands of copper (2)
- four inches long
- at cremation edge
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 6
Burial
None
Mills 1922:454
Brown 1994
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Beads (“a few”)
- shell [Brown 1994]
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 7
Burial
None
Mills 1922:454
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 8
Burial
None
Mills 1922:454
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 9
Burial
None
Mills 1922:454
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- Basin-like receptacle 18 inches in diameter and 4 inches deep
- Covered by primary mound of loam [Brown 1994]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Perishable items (“a great quantity”)
- objects of wood, bark, woven fabric, tanned skins
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 10
Burial
None
Mills 1922:454
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 11
Burial
None
Mills 1922:455
Feature Description:
- Low earthen platform one inch high
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Flint spear point (1)
- unknown position
3. Copper human torso (1)
- four inches
- pierced for attachment
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 12
Burial
None
Mills 1922:455
Feature Description:
- No preparation
- Probably covered or wrapped in organic material
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 13
Burial
None
Mills 1922:455
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- Laid directly on floor and covered with dark organic earth, perhaps from decay of
skins or fabric
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Beads (“a few”)
- shell [Brown 1994]
- unknown position
3. Small copper tube (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 14
Burial
None
Mills 1922:455
Feature Description:
- Laid directly on floor and covered with dark organic earth, perhaps from decay of
skins or fabric
- No floor preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 15
Burial
None
Mills 1922:455
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 16
Burial
None
Mills 1922:455
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 17
Burial
None
Mills 1922:455
Feature Description:
- Placed directly on floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Pearl bead necklace (1)
- unknown position
3. Copper button-like objects (2)
- one inch diameter
- pierced for attachment
- two holes
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 18
Burial
None
Mills 1922:455-456
Feature Description:
- Ashes laid directly on floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Necklace of small ocean shells (1)
- unknown position
3. Copper button-shaped objects
- 1 ¼ inches diameter
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 19
Burial
None
Mills 1922:457
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Burial 20
Burial
None
Mills 1922:454
Feature Description:
- No preparation
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Bead Cache
Ceremonial Deposit
None
Mills 1922:453
Feature Description:
- Just west of Deposit 5
- Directly north from Burial 2
- Embedded in a mass of yellow clay
- Had been contained inside a bag, probably of buckskin
Contents:
1. Shell Beads (5000+)
- barrel shaped
- less than ½ inch length
- made from columna of marine shells
- ritually killed before deposition
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Relevant Figures & Plates:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Deposit 5
Ceremonial Deposit
Not Applicable
Mills 1922:452-453
Figure 41
Feature Description:
- Somewhat north of and between Burials 2 and 3
- Five feet long by two feet wide
- Dark earth mixed with charcoal and artifacts
Contents:
1. Shark teeth (?)
- perforated
2. Pearl, shell, bone beads (?)
3. Copper effigy turtles (?)
4. Copper cross-like ornaments (?)
5. Curved obsidian knife (1)
- three inches
6. Quartz and obsidian spearhead fragments (?)
7. Effigy bear teeth (?)
8. Perforated elk canines (?)
9. Cut shell ornaments (?)
10. Plain and effigy pipes (“a large number”)
- broken
11. Pottery (figure 41)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Feature 38
Burial
None
Brown 1994:145
Feature Description:
- Incomplete burial disturbed by Shetrone’s excavations
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts (Disturbed)
Sex: Male (robusticity)
Age: Not indicated
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Feature 50
Burial
None
Brown 1994:145
Feature Description:
- Incomplete burial disturbed by Shetrone’s excavations
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Elk tooth (1)
- fragmentary, possibly an ornament
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Feature 52A
Burial
Feature 52A, 52B, 52C, 52D
Brown 1994:144
Feature Description:
- Located in a subfloor pit in the lower submound structure
- Size is 1.4 feet N-S, 0.8 feet E-W
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Sex: Male (robusticity) [Baby]
Age: Not indicated
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Feature 52B
Burial
Feature 52A, 52B, 52C, 52D
Brown 1994:144
Feature Description:
- Located in a subfloor pit in the lower submound structure, 0.7 feet west of 52C
- Size is 1.4 feet N-S, 0.8 feet E-W
- Irregular kidney-shaped deposit of cremated bone
- Most skull fragments are at north end of deposit
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Sex: Male (robusticity) [Baby]
Age: Not indicated
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Feature 52C
Burial
Feature 52A, 52B, 52C, 52D
Brown 1994:144
Feature Description:
- Located in a subfloor pit in the lower submound structure, just east of Burial 52B
- Size is 2.15 feet N-S, 0.8 feet E-W
- Elongated deposit of cremated bone
- Most skull fragments are at north end of deposit
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Shell beads (?)
- barrel-shaped
Sex: Probable male
Age: 19-22 (epiphyseal lines in vertebrae)
Note: Sciulli says sex unknown, age greater than 21.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Feature 52D
Burial
Feature 52A, 52B, 52C, 52D
Brown 1994:144
Feature Description:
- Located in a subfloor pit in the lower submound structure
- Size is 1.4 feet N-S, 0.8 feet E-W
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 13, Feature 55
Burial
None
Brown 1994:85
Feature Description:
- Pit measuring 1.2 by 0.8 by 0.8 feet
Contents:
1. Human skeletal remains (1)
- uncertain whether or not cremated
2. Potsherds (?)
- type unknown
- unknown position
3. Pearl beads (11)
- unknown position
4. Shell bead (1)
- unknown position
5. Drilled bone (1)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 15, Burial 1
Burial
None
Brown 1994:87
Feature Description:
- Subfloor burial in a pit in the southeast corner.
- 2.75 feet North-South, 1.65 feet East-West, 0.82 feet deep
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Cult wolf (?) mandible (2)
- [two halves of a single mandible?]
- unknown position
3. Drilled bear canines (2)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 15, Feature 2
Burial
None
Brown 1994:145
Feature Description:
- In a pit beneath the southeast corner of the submound structure
- Size is 1.75 feet N-S, 0.95 feet E-W
- An oval deposit of cremated human bones
- Skull fragments are at north end
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Age: 40-45 years [Baker, Age3]
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 18, Burial 1-4, Burial 8-11
Burial
None
Brown 1994:90
Feature Description:
- Buried on floor
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 18, Burial 5
Burial
None
OHS Accession List
Feature Description:
- Floor burial
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Shell beads (50)
- accession 260/105
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 18, Burial 6
Burial
None
Mills 1922:468
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- On older floor of mound
- Covered by two foot high primary mound [Brown 1994]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Necklace of shell and pearl beads (1)
- unknown position
3. Finely made platform pipes (8)
- three plain
- five animals
- otter, rabbit, brooding bird, toad, drumming pheasant
- all Ohio pipestone except otter
- otter was puddingstone conglomerate
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 18, Burial 7
Burial
None
Mills 1922:468
Feature Description:
- On old floor of mound
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Large mica plates (2)
- probably mirrors
- unknown position
3. Copper button-shaped ornaments
- unknown position
4. Perforated bear teeth (“few”)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 20, Burial 1
Burial
None
Mills 1922:466
Brown 1994:93 [called Crematory Basin]
Feature Description:
- Crematory basin (unusual oval design)
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
The Following Provenience Is Not In The Data Base. See Below For Explanation.
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 21, Burial 1
Burial
None
Brown 1994:96
Feature Description:
- Located at the center of the mound.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Shell bead necklace (1)
3. Polished discoidals of granite (2)
- possibly fire-cracked rock
Note: Mills mistakenly labeled this provenience as Mound 21 in his site report. It is
actually Mound 24 (see Mound 24, Burial 1).
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 23, “Shrine”
Burial
None
Mills 1922:463-464
Feature Description:
- Enclosed area surrounded by a series of posts
Contents:
1. Charred matting (1)
- strewn across floor
2. Cloth
3. Mica
4. Small pieces of shell
4. Mastodon tusk
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 23, Crematory Basin
Burial
None
Brown 1994:97
Feature Description:
- Crematory basin eight feet, six inches northwest-southeast by six feet seven inches
wide
- Covered by clay layer 10 inches high
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 23, Burial 1
Burial
None
Mills 1922:461
Feature Description:
- Shallow basin in floor
- possibly other artifacts removed in grading
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Mica (?) (“considerable”)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 23, Burial 2
Burial
None
Mills 1922:461
Brown 1994
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Matting and/or skins? (1)
- found as a thick layer of charred matter.
- unknown position
3. Angular granite fragments (?)
- fire cracked rock ? [Brown 1994]
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 23, Burial 3
Burial
None
Mills 1922:463
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- Circular raised platform of clay [Brown 1994]
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Large mica plates (3)
- ¼ inch thick
- unknown position
3. Copper tubes (6)
- [panpipes?]
- four inches long by ½ inch diameter
- unknown position
4. Copper button-shaped ornament (1)
- unknown position
5. Shell beads (“a number of”, actually 25)
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 23, Burial 4
Burial
None
Mills 1922:463
Feature Description: No information given.
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 23, Burial 5
Burial
None
Mills 1922:463
Feature Description:
- No preparation
- At entrance to a postholed structure
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
No Artifacts
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 23, Burial 6
Burial
None
Mills 1922:464
Feature Description:
- Within walls of a “sacred structure”
- Covered with a cone of clay 12 inches above the floor of the mound
- this was covered by a layer of sand one inch deep
- 13 inch deep depression in floor
- four feet long by three feet wide
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
- center of depression
2. Copper ear ornaments (2)
- unknown position
3. Large copper button-like pendant (1)
- 1 ½ inches diameter
- unknown position
4. Shell bead necklace (1)
- unknown position
5. Heavy ocean-shell pieces (“several”)
- unknown position
6. Ivory tusk of Mastodon or Mammoth
- fragments
- unknown position
Site:
Provenience:
Provenience Type:
Burials in Same Grave:
Primary Source:
Other Relevant Sources:
Mound City Earthwork
Mound 24, Burial 1
Burial
None
Mills 1922:507
Brown 1994
Feature Description:
- No information given except that it was found at about the center of the mound
- Mills mistakenly called this Mound 21
Contents:
1. Cremated human remains (1)
2. Shell bead necklace (1)
- unknown position
3. Granite specimens (2)
- discoidal stones
- possibly fire-cracked rock [Brown 1994]