Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
Linnhe/ Lorn/ Sunart AMA Report 2009
Signed 2002, amended 2004, 2005, 2007
1.
Introduction
The Tripartite Working Group was established in 1999, with the Scottish Executive and
Rural Affairs Department as chair, and includes members from both the salmon farming
industry (Scottish Salmon Producers Organisation) and the wild fisheries industry
(Atlantic Salmon Trust, Scottish Anglers National Association, Association of Salmon
Fisheries Board and Rivers and Fisheries Trusts of Scotland). The purpose of the group
is to ‘address problems common to salmon farming and wild salmon fisheries and to
seek solutions for ensuring the maintenance of a healthy stock of wild fish whilst at the
same time promoting a sustainable aquaculture industry’.
In order to facilitate these objectives at a local level, Area Management Agreements
(AMAs) were established in 2000, between salmon farming companies and wild farming
interests.
This AMA aims to; promote and implement measures for the maintenance of healthy
stocks of wild and farmed fish within the defined area, promote restoration of wild
salmon and sea trout stocks within the defined area and develop a fuller understanding
of wild salmon stocks and factors influencing their distribution and prevalence/
abundance.
1.2.
Geographical area
The geographical area covered by the AMA includes all the marine waters of Lochs Eil,
Linnhe, Leven, a' Choire, Creran, Etive, Aline, Spelve, Sound of Mull and Sunart. The
area covered by this AMA also includes the catchment area of each river flowing into the
sea in the defined area.
The AMA comprises three individual Production Areas:
Production Area 1 – Loch Linnhe, Production Area 2 – Sound of Mull, and Production
Area 3 – Loch Sunart.
1.3.
Members
- Marine Harvest Scotland Ltd
- Scottish Sea Farms
- Dawnfresh Farming Ltd
- Kames Fish Farming
- Argyll Fisheries Trust
- Argyll District Salmon Fisheries Board
- Loch Awe Improvement Association
- Lochaber Fisheries Trust
- Lochaber District Salmon Fishery Board
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TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
Figure 1: Linnhe/ Lorn AMA area
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Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
1.4.
Links to related websites
www.rafts.org.uk
www.asfb.org.uk
www.argyllfisheriestrust.co.uk
www.scottishseafarms.com
www.marineharvest.com
www.scottishsalmon.co.uk
www.tripartiteworkinggroup.com
www.scotland.gov.uk
2. Wild fisheries
2.1. General description of main salmonid systems in the Linnhe/ Lorn AMA
The main salmonid systems in the Linnhe/ Lorn AMA are as follows;
Production Area 1
The River Lochy drains a catchment of approximately 1324km2, and is fed by the Rivers
Spean, Roy and Loy. It boasts the largest salmon fishery in Lochaber and historically
supported one of the west coast of Scotland’s best salmon fisheries. Sea trout have
also been actively fished in the catchment. The Lochy catchment is predominantly
moorland heath, but areas along the river plain have been improved for livestock - the
Lochy catchment also includes areas of commercial forestry and deciduous woodland.
A number of man-made developments exist on both the Lochy and its tributaries examples of these include the hydro-electric dam at Mucomir on the Lochy (includes a
fish lift and fish pass) and the Laggan Dam at the top of the River Spean and associated
abstraction for aluminium works. There are a number of impassable natural falls within
the Lochy catchment.
The River Coe cuts through Glen Coe and comprises both fast-flowing and gentle
meandering sections. The catchment is mainly steep heather moorland, with areas of
rough and improved grassland on the flat glacial deposits on the lower reaches. There
is native and non-native broadleaf woodland, and blocks of conifer plantations within the
catchment. Man-made pressures on the River Coe include gravel abstraction at various
locations and bank stabilization works, which affect water flow rates. Historically,
poaching has been a problem on this river. Debris has also collected to form an
impassable obstacle at a waterfall near Glencoe village. Salmon and sea trout are found
on the River Coe although, like many other rivers in the region, stock numbers of these
species collapsed in the early 1990s.
The Awe catchment covers 780km2 and includes 157 lochs and approximately 1250
streams. There are two primary rivers, the Awe and the Orchy - the Orchy drains the
largest catchment. This drains the headwaters of Loch Tulla, Allt Kinglass, Lochy and
Strae rivers before flowing into the northern end of Loch Awe. The River Awe drains out
of the NW arm of Loch Awe, flowing into Loch Etive (a sea loch connected to Loch
Linnhe). Whilst the catchment covers large areas of moorland heath, woodland and
forestry cover much of the land around Loch Awe, primarily extensive conifer plantations
and semi-natural woodlands. The River Awe has historically been regarded as one of
the best salmon rivers in Scotland, however the development of a large hydro-electric
scheme (consisting of a barrage) in the 1960s has altered the character of the river.
This barrage allows upstream fish passage via a Boreland lift – a fish counter is present
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Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
at the exit point of the pass. There are a number of smaller hydro-schemes in operation
throughout the Awe catchment.
The River Creran is a relatively large spate river with a catchment area of 66.7km 2, and
approximately 11km of accessible habitat to migratory fish. Land use in the catchment is
dominated by intensive coniferous forestry in the upper catchment and livestock grazing
in the lower reaches. Significant native mature broadleaf woodlands are present in the
lower to middle reaches.
Production Area 2
The River Aline flows through the Morvern Peninsula and enters the sea on the north
side of the Sound of Mull. It is the most significant river catchment on the Morvern
Peninsula and comprises three major sub-catchments; the Abhainn a Ghlinnhe Ghil, The
Black Water and Loch Arienas. The most important salmonid spawning and nursery
areas are contained in the White Glen sub-catchment (Abhnainn na Ghlinnhe Ghil),
although there are also a number of important trout spawning burns flowing into Loch
Arienas. The Aline catchment comprises mainly heather moor, areas of conifers, and
both poor and good grassland.
Production Area 3
The Strontian River flows into Loch Sunart and flows for approximately 10km through
heather moorland, Atlantic oak woodlands and commercial conifer plantations. There
are no major tributaries to this river however numerous burns run into it from the
surrounding hills. There have been problems with sedimentation in the river, caused by
the construction of a weir to provide a drinking water supply.
2.2. Catch data for Linnhe/ Lorn AMA
Figure 2: Catch data for Sanda to Creran district. NB The data used in this graph is Crown
copyright, used with the permission of Marine Scotland. Marine Scotland is not responsible for
interpretation of this data by third parties.
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Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
Figure 3: River Awe and Orchy catches shown against counts from Awe barrage 1989 - 2009.
Data supplied by ADSFB.
2.3. Netting stations in the area including indication of whether active and catch
data
There is a netting station at Cuil Bay, near Duror which was active in 2009. The
operator has agreed not to net during the spring months for six years from 2010
onwards, in a conservation agreement with the Lochaber DSFB (see Section 2.6).
There is a netting station at Creran which is currently not active.
2.4. Any data that may exist to indicate effort e.g. number of angler days
Table 1: Fishing effort on the Rivers Lochy, Awe and Orchy
(based on data collected by autumn 2009)
Year/ unit effort Lochy Year/ rod days Awe & Orchy
2006
370
2006
2472
2007
385
2007
2177
2008
395
2008
1971
2009
403
2009
2052
2.5. Fish farm escapees
Approximately 40 suspected fish farm escapees were caught in the River Lochy in 2009.
A large number of rainbow trout were removed from the River Awe throughout 2009
following escape incidents at sites in both Loch Etive and Loch Awe.
For details of fish farm escape incidents please refer to Section 3.5.
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Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
2.6. Statutory and non statutory conservation/ management policies e.g. seasons/
methods/ C&R
Production Area 1
Lochy - In 2009 a conservation agreement was endorsed by both rod and net fishing
interests in Lochaber which aims to allow more spring salmon to reach the Lochaber
spawning grounds over the next six years. Netsmen have agreed not to operate before
the end of May and in return all salmon river proprietors and angling associations in
Lochaber, including those on the Lochy and Coe have agreed a 100% catch and release
policy until 15th June for the next six years. The catch and release rate on the River
Lochy itself is over 95% throughout the year.
The River Lochy Association has applied to the Scottish Government (with Marine
Harvest) to treat up to 100,000 reared Lochy smolts with SLICE, in order to study the
return rates of untreated fish and treated fish.
Coe - The National Trust for Scotland, who own the middle reaches of the River Coe do
not exercise their fishing rights at present, due to weakness of fish populations.
Awe - Since 1992, the Loch Awe Improvement Association (LAIA) has administered a
Protection Order on Loch Awe and Loch Avich, controlling the fishery for non-migratory
fish species e.g. pike and brown trout. The LAIA employs wardens, controls access to
the fishery by permit only and undertakes stocking and habitat improvement schemes.
The River Awe/ Orchy season run from February 11th to October 31st. Voluntary C & R
was introduced to the River Awe in the late 1990s which has returned over 80% of
salmon caught since. In 2009, total C & R was introduced during the season in
response to the very low barrage counts being recorded.
Production Area 2
Aline – The fishing season runs from 15th March to 31st October, with only fly-fishing
allowed. Since 2006, a 100% catch and release policy has been employed.
Production Area 3
Strontian – A restricted season from 1st June to 30th September exists on this river and
catch and release is promoted on both the Strontian and the Carnoch rivers. No bait
fishing is allowed. The Strontian Community Company/ Strontian Angling Club have
now instigated a ‘Strategic Plan for Restoration and Fisheries Development on the
Strontian River’.
2.7. Indication of, including links, to any Fisheries Management Plans for these
catchments
As part of a national fishery management planning initiative supported by the Scottish
Government and facilitated by RAFTS, both the Argyll Fisheries Trust and the Lochaber
Fisheries Trust have developed Fishery Management Plans for Argyll and the Islands
and Lochaber, respectively. The Strategic Fisheries Management Plans aim to engage
all stakeholders in the on-going process of management with an aim to conserve and
restore all native fish populations and their habitats for the benefit of local biodiversity
and the fisheries resource.
6
Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
Lochaber Fisheries Trust Fisheries Management Plan http://www.rafts.org.uk/FileLibrary/FMP%20Project/Lochaber%20Fisheries%20Manage
ment%20Plan%20_2_.pdf
Argyll Fisheries Trust Strategic Fishery Management Plan for Argyll and the Islands http://www.argyllfisheriestrust.co.uk/pdfs/argyllstrategicfishery.pdf
The Argyll Fisheries Trust has also developed a Fisheries Biosecurity Plan for Argyll and
the Islands, as part of a national action plan. The plan aims to ‘establish a sustainable
framework that will lead to the prevention, detection, control and eradication of invasive
non-native species within the Argyll region’ http://www.argyllfisheriestrust.co.uk/pdfs/draftbiosecuritymanagementplan.pdf
2.8. Reports of any research/ monitoring projects currently being conducted in
catchments within the AMA area
FASMOP – both AFT and LFT are partners (through RAFTS) in the Focusing on Atlantic
Salmon Management On (salmon) Populations project, with funding support from the
Scottish Government. This project seeks to facilitate better understanding of structuring
of salmon stocks for the improved management and stock assessment at a local level
through genetics. Genetic samples are collected from fish during both electro-fishing
surveys and post-smolt seine netting.
Production Area 1
Lochy – In a 3-year project funded by SSE and River Lochy Association (RLA), looking
at return rates, approximately 3000 stocked smolts are pit-tagged and released at
different locations on the river every year (2009 – 2011). A pit tag decoder is fitted in the
Mucomir dam. The Lochaber Fisheries Trust also undertakes regular electro-fishing
surveys at approximately 20 sites on the Lochy mainstem and tributaries.
LFT are also involved in a smolt tracking project, part of a larger collaborative 5-year
project with Marine Scotland, involving lice dispersal modeling, seine-netting and smolt
tracking.
Coe - Current restoration work on the River Coe is concentrated on the removal of
(debris) obstructions. No electro-fishing surveys were undertaken in 2009.
Awe/ Orchy – AFT currently undertake electro-fishing surveys at a number of
established sites in the Awe catchment to monitor current levels of juvenile salmon and
trout recruitment. AFT are undertaking a 2-year project on the River Awe with Scottish
and Southern Energy and the Scottish Government looking at smolt passage in relation
to management of water flow levels and river productivity/ spawning potential. This will
determine if natural smolt production is satisfactory or if it needs to be augmented with
stocked fish
The AFT has been working with the Forestry Commission to create forest habitat
management plans. The first of these to be completed is for Eredine Forest (Loch Awe)
and aims to provide guidance for management and improvement by the Forestry
Commission, LAIA and the riparian owners. Following habitat surveys, work on
improving fish access in two streams is already underway.
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Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
Creran – The AFT have undertaken electrofishing and habitat surveys on the Creran. A
fishery management plan is currently under development. An investigation is also underway
to assess sediment stability at salmon spawning sites.
Production Area 2
Aline - A comprehensive electro-fishing survey has been completed in 2009. There are
plans to restructure the area of forestry owned by Ardtornish Estate in the White Glen,
which is hoped will improve conditions for fish through increasing broadleaf cover and
creating buffer zones along watercourses.
Production Area 3
Strontian – Following the installation of a dam in 2005, Scottish Water has set aside
funding for a hatchery on the Strontian River. Genetic samples were collected from
salmon in 2008 with the aim of setting up a stocking program. The analysis of these
samples will determine whether the broodstock will come from the Strontian or the
neighboring river, the Carnoch. SNH are involved in a project restructuring the forestry
plantations to the west of the river.
2.9. Details of any salmonid stocking in each catchment
Production Area 1
Lochy - The River Lochy Association undertakes an extensive stocking regime of
salmon fry and smolts each year (on-going since 2002).
Awe/ Orchy – Historically salmon fry have been stocked into the Awe system (in
particular as part-compensation for the Awe barrage construction), however there was
no stocking in 2008 or 2009.
Creran – There has been historical stocking of salmon fry, of varying origin, however no
stocking was undertaken in 2009.
Coe – No stocking in 2009
Production Area 2
Aline – Ardtornish Estates has been stocking hatchery reared salmon fry from native
broodstock since 2006 into the White Glen.
Production Area 3
Strontian - Work is underway into setting up a hatchery and support program on the
Strontian River, as outlined in Section 2.8.
2.10. Details of any fish health management policies e.g. GS/ fish movements
GS information boards have been distributed by the Argyll and Lochaber DSFBs to river
proprietors throughout the region and displayed in prominent locations.
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Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
3. Fish Farming Section
3.1. A general description of the overall lice/ fish health management strategy in
the area
The marine salmon farming companies within this AMA undertake lice counts in
accordance with the industry Code of Good Practice (CoGP) and aim to meet the
thresholds for treatments set out in the CoGP. These thresholds are as follows:
i)
During the period February to June inclusive, coinciding with the appearance
of wild juvenile salmonids in the sea, the criterion for treatment is an average
of 0.5 adult female L.salmonis per fish.
ii)
During the period July to January inclusive, the criterion for treatment is an
average of 1.0 adult female L.salmonis per fish.
One of the key objectives of the AMA is to minimize lice loadings on wild fish during the
smolt run, approximately February to June - in order to achieve this, the salmon farmers
in the Linnhe/ Lorn AMA work towards a target of zero ovigerous (egg-bearing) lice
during this period.
3.2. Marine and Freshwater farming sites in the Linnhe/ Lorn AMA area
Table 2: Freshwater farming sites in Linnhe/ Lorn AMA
Company Name
Species
Receiving Water
Marine Harvest
Dawnfresh Farming
Dawnfresh Farming
Kinlochawe
Kames Fish Farming
Scottish Sea Farms Ltd
Scottish Sea Farms Ltd
Marine Harvest
Marine Harvest
Scottish Sea Farms Ltd
Marine Harvest
Salmon
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Loch Lochy
Loch Awe (Tervine)
Loch Awe (Braevallich)
Loch Awe
Loch Avich
Loch Frisa - Mull
Loch Ba - Mull
Loch Arkaig, Muick
Loch Arkaig, Invermallie
Loch Arienas
Loch Uisge (Kingairloch)
9
Consent
Biomass
(tonnes)
350
400
300
Not operational
10
60
N/A
65
65
N/A
Not operational
Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
Table 3: Marine farming sites in Linnhe/ Lorn AMA
Treatment consents (g)
Deltamethrin
Azamethiphos
(AMX) 3 hr
(Salmosan) 3/
max (g)
24 hr max (g)
33.97
288(24hr)
22.46
288(24hr)
16.31
288(24hr)
16.065
204.8(24hr)
38.85
6.2
356.5g / 24 hours
21.42
Company
Name
Site name
Consented
Biomass
(tonnes)
MHS
MHS
MHS
MHS
SSF
SSF
SSF
Gorsten
Linnhe
Loch Leven
Kingairloch
Lismore East
Lismore North 1
Lismore North 2
1990
2500
1450
1000
999
680
500
Cypermethrin
(Excis) 3 hr
max (g)
90.6
59.9
43.5
42.84
103.6
16.4
57.12
SSF
Lismore West
1130
59.44
22.29
327.5g / 24 hours
SSF
Shuna
800
11.5
410g / 24 hours
SSF
Creran A
1500
SSF
SSF
SSF
SSF
Creran B
Charlotte’s Bay
Dunstaffnage
Kerrera A
1500
600
1300
500
24.15
26.25
21.94
30.62
253.5g/ 24 hours
241.8g / 24 hours
SSF
Cutter’s Rock
500
SSF
SSF
DFF
DFF
DFF
DFF
DFF
Spelve A
Spelve B
Inverawe W
Inverawe E
Ardchattan
Aird’s Bay
Port na Mine
350
700
250
250
150
967
455
30.8
NOT
STOCKED
64.4
70
58.5
81.65
NOT
STOCKED
8.81
28
SSF
Foresters
2000
SSF
SSF
SSF
Bloody Bay
Fishnish A
Fishnish B
998
1300
1300
SSF
Fiunary
2516
SSF
MHS
MHS
MHS
Scallastle
Camas Glas
Invasion Bay
Laga Bay
2000
2000
2240
1000
3.3
9.8
150g / 3hrs
EmBz
(Slice) TAQ/
MTQ (g)
2406.2 TAQ
2953.1 TAQ
1961.7 TAQ
2317 TAQ
1748 TAQ
1193 TAQ
875 TAQ
1748.25
TAQ
1400 TAQ
Calicide
TAQ (g)
1904.5
1351.5
1660.29
700
69930
5935.8
1351.1
2800
12250
2625 TAQ
1750 TAQ
1245 TAQ
875gTAQ
11900
1351
1351
1351
612.5 TAQ
1225 TAQ
1351
3554.3
Consent data not available at present
52.8
12.26 (6.25 hr)
NOT
STOCKED
62.27
100.8
100.7
NOT
STOCKED
33.78
49.2
77.1
29.4
Consented treatments currently under review
n/a
407g/ 24 hours
338 TAQ
n/a
n/a
n/a
23.35
37.8
37.8
570 g / 3 hours
424.1 g / 24 hrs
1746.5 TAQ
2275 TAQ
2275 TAQ
25690 g
91000 g
91000 g
12.67
18.45
28.91
n/a
230.4(24hr)
425.8(24hr)
725.8(24hr)
1246 TAQ
2121.9(TAQ)
3920(TAQ)
1750(TAQ)
1351 g
1330
640
3281.2
3.3. Graphical description, by AMA production area, of lice trends and, where
possible, treatment times over the last production cycle
All salmon farms in the Linnhe/ Lorn AMA are signatories to the industry’s Code of Good
Practice for Finfish Aquaculture. This covers all aspects of finfish good practice
including; consumer reassurance, fish health, protecting the environment, welfare and
husbandry, feed and feeding, National Sea Lice Treatment Strategy, Integrated Sea Lice
Management, containment and a Veterinary Health Plan. The National Sea Lice
Treatment Strategy contains detailed information on how monitoring should be
undertaken and suggested treatment trigger levels.
10
793
n/a
Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
The graphs below show the monthly average lice counts within the three production
areas in the AMA, Loch Linnhe, Sound of Mull and Loch Sunart. Strategic and
synchronized lice treatments are shown.
Figure 4: Average lice levels on MHS sites in Production Area 1
Figure 5: Average lice levels on SSF sites in Production Area 1
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TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
Figure 6: Average lice levels on SSF sites in Production Area 2
Figure 7: Average lice levels on MHS sites in Production Area 3.
3.4. Details of specific actions that have been taken by fish-farmers in response to
AMA discussions e.g. strategic lice treatments prior to smolt runs
The fish farming companies work closely within the Area Management Group to agree
effective, synchronous treatment regimes.
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TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
3.5. Record of escapes
Details on escape incidents in previous years can be found on the Scottish
Government’s
website;
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Fisheries/FishShellfish/18692/escapeStatistics
Date
25/8/09
Table 4: Escape incidents recorded in the Linnhe/ Lorn AMA in 2009
Location
Species
Number Size
Cause
Recapture
Loch Frisa, Isle of
Mull
(Production
Zone 2)
Kingairloch
(Production Zone 1)
Linnhe (Production
Zone 1)
Loch Etive 4, Loch
Etive
Salmon
34,227
55g
Hole in net
(predator)
Salmon
1
3.5kg
Human error
Salmon
621
4kg
Rainbow
trout
523
3kg
Equipment
failure
Hole in net
(unknown)
5/5/09
Tervine, Loch Awe
700
60g
Human error
29/1/09
Ardchattan
Loch Etive
Rainbow
trout
Rainbow
trout
4,671
2.2kg
Hole in net
(predator)
1/7/09
19/6/09
17/6/09
Bay,
Initial
recaptured
2,500
netting
approx
Netting undertaken by
DFF and Awe/ Orchy
bailiff
3.6. Containment policies and mitigation measures
All farms in the AMA area adhere to the Industry CoGP guidance on containment
(Section 4.9. www.scottishsalmon.co.uk/dlDocs/CoGP.pdf ).
3.7. Fish health management issues
There are no fish health management issues identified at sites in the Linnhe/ Lorn AMA.
3.8. Details of any relocation plans at a point in time when Companies are happy
for this information to be in the public domain
No relocation plans at this time.
3.9. Indication that Companies involved have signed up to the industry CoGP
All salmon farming companies in the Linnhe/ Lorn AMA are signatories to the industry
CoGP and are audited by Food Certification Scotland. The Code of Good Practice has
been incorporated within Quality Trout UK and forms part of the annual independent
farm audit of the trout farms within this AMA.
3.10. Sea surface temperature data for the AMA area
MHS temperatures taken at -6m depth.
SSF temperatures taken at -5m depth.
13
Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
Figure 8: Sea surface temperatures in Linnhe/ Lorn Production Areas
14
Updated March 2010
TWG Linnhe/ Lorn AMA Report
Figure 8 (cont): Sea surface temperatures in Linnhe/ Lorn Production Areas
Related documents
Code of Good Practice for Scottish Aquaculture available for download:
http://www.scottishsalmon.co.uk/dlDocs/CoGP.pdf
Argyll post-smolt netting report 2009 available for download:
http://www.tripartiteworkinggroup.com/article/uploaded/Argyllpostsmoltseatroutsamplingreport2009.pdf
Argyll Fisheries Trust Fishery Management Plan 2009 available for download
http://www.argyllfisheriestrust.co.uk/pdfs/argyllstrategicfishery.pdf
Argyll Fisheries Trust Biosecurity Management Plan 2009 available for download
http://www.argyllfisheriestrust.co.uk/pdfs/argyllbiosecuritymanagementplan09.pdf
Lochaber Fisheries Trust Fisheries Management Plan 2009 available:
http://www.rafts.org.uk/FileLibrary/FMP%20Project/Lochaber%20Fisheries%20Manage
ment%20Plan%20_2_.pdf
Lochaber post-smolt netting report 2009: ..\..\..\Lochaber\Lochaber Fisheries Trust lice
monitoring 2009.doc
Disclaimer
Whilst this report has been prepared by the Argyll RDO on the basis of information that
she believes is accurate, any party seeking to implement or otherwise act upon any part
or parts of this report are recommended to obtain speacialist advice. The RDO does not
accept responibility under any circumstances for the actions of other parties occassioned
by their reading of this report.
15