MAKERERE UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
REVISED CURRICULUM FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
SCIENCE
(BEHS)
APRIL 2008
TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………………..4
PROGRAMME SUMMARY……………………………………………………………..…5
1.0 TITLE/ NAME OF THE DEGREE ................................................................................ 6
2.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 6
3.0 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................. 6
4.0 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROGRAMME AND OF THE REVIEW ..................... 7
5.0 AREAS OF COMPETENCIES ...................................................................................... 7
6.0 OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................. 8
7.0 NATURE OF PROGRAMME ........................................................................................ 8
8.0 RESOURCES ................................................................................................................... 9
8.1 LECTURERS ...................................................................................................................... 9
8.2 SPACE .............................................................................................................................. 9
8.3 EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................................................... 9
9.0 REGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREE IN BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH SCIENCE (BEHS) ................................................................................................ 9
9.1 GENERAL PROGRAMME REGULATIONS ............................................................... 9
9.2 ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 9
9.2.1 Direct Entry Scheme ................................................................................................. 9
9.2.2 Mature Age Entry Scheme……………………………………………………………… 10
9.2.3 Diploma Holders Entry Scheme ...............................................................................10
10.0 NATURE OF THE PROGRAMME .......................................................................... 10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
DURATION ................................................................................................................ 10
LENGTH OF SEMESTER .......................................................................................... 10
TYPES OF COURSES ................................................................................................ 10
COURSE CREDITS.................................................................................................... 10
11.0 PROGRAMME STRUCTURE................................................................................... 11
12.0 EXAMINATION REGULATIONS ........................................................................... 14
I3.0 WITHDRAWAL FROM COURSES........................................................................... 14
14.0 ASSESSMENT OF COURSES .................................................................................... 14
15.0 GRADING OF COURSES .......................................................................................... 14
16.0 PROGRESSION ........................................................................................................... 15
16.1 NORMAL PROGRESS ...................................................................................................... 15
16.2 PROBATIONARY ............................................................................................................ 15
16.3 DISCONTINUATION ........................................................................................................ 15
17.0 RE-TAKING A COURSE ........................................................................................... 15
2
18.0 DESIGNATION OF THE DEGREE ......................................................................... 15
19.0 DESCRIPTION OF COURSES................................................................................... 16
APPENDIX A: STAFF ........................................................................................................ 65
APPENDIX A1: MUSPH STAFF ........................................................................................... 65
APPENDIX A2: STAFF FROM FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE ................................... 67
APPENDIX A3: STAFF FROM FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE .................................................. 67
APPENDIX A4: STAFF FROM MAKERERE UNIVERSITY INSITITUTE OF
ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES………………… 67
APPENDIX A5: STAFF FROM FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY..................................... ………..68
APPENDIX A6: STAFF FROM MINISTRY OF HEALTH........................................................... 68
APPENDIX A7: STAFF FROM KAMPALA CITY COUNCIL ....................................................... 68
APPENDIX A8: STAFF FROM MINISTRY OF GENDER, LABOUR AND SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT ……………………………………………………….69
APPENDIX A9: STAFF FROM NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
AUTHORITY……………………………….……………………………69
APPENDIX A10: STAFF FROM NATIONAL WATER AND SEWERAGE
CORPORATION…………………………………………………………………………...69
APPENDIX B: PROGRAMME BUDGET PROPOSAL 2009/2010 ................................ 70
ADETAILS OF EXPENDITURES OF THE FUNDS TO BE GENERATED ................ 72
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Makerere University School of Public Health and particularly the Environmental Health Science
Programme is grateful to the Leadership Initiative for Public Health in East Africa (LIPHEA)
Project a programme funded by USAID for having sponsored the Curriculum review process.
4
PROGRAMME SUMMARY
Course Title:
Environmental Health Science
Course code:
BEHS
Graduating credit load:
117
Host Institution:
Makerere University School of Public Health
Host Department:
Disease Control and Environmental Health
Degree award:
Bachelor of Environmental Health Science
Awarding Institution:
Makerere University
Duration:
Three Academic Years
Language:
English
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1.0
TITLE OF THE DEGREE TO BE AWARDED
The Degree shall be called Bachelor of Environmental Health Science (BEHS).
2.0
INTRODUCTION
The Makerere University School of Public Health (MUSPH) formerly the Makerere University
Institute of Public Health (MUIPH) has reviewed and updated the curriculum for the Bachelor of
Environmental Health Science (BEHS) degree programme. The BEHS curriculum being
reviewed has been in operation since the beginning of the programme in the year 2000. As a
University requirement, all curriculums of University programmes have to be reviewed periodically to
make them relevant to the prevailing and future demands.
The major aim of the BEHS is to prepare professionals in Environmental Health with the
appropriate attitude, adequate skills and a scientific knowledge for handling and managing all
duties and technical procedures in the broad areas of health promotion, disease prevention and
control, management and administration of public health in community, research and training in
the field of Environmental Health.
As this field is an essential component of the Public health systems for health promotion and
delivery in the community, its services are basic to the processes of diagnosis and surveillance of
disease incidence in the community and to the procedures of disease prevention and control.
3.0
BACKGROUND
Health problems in Uganda are largely dictated by the biological, physical and socio-economic
environment; coupled with ignorance, poverty, negative customs and taboos, which determine
the pattern of disease incidences. The country still experiences prevalence and epidemics of
preventable diseases which contribute to high morbidity and mortality in the communities
especially among pregnant women and in the under-five children. The country is also
experiencing increased environmental degradation due to both natural and anthropological
causes. Environmental pollution due to industrialization within the country is of growing
concern.
Worthy of note, are the communicable diseases which have been predominant for many years
such as malaria, diarrhoea, acute respiratory tract infections, AIDS/HIV, measles, tuberculosis,
tetanus, schistosomiasis, guinea worm, hook worms and trachoma.
In the National Sanitation Forum of October 1997, it was noted that most of the diseases at that
time were related to poor sanitation. After a decade, that status has not improved significantly.
For example, hundreds of thousands of citizens suffer from intestinal worms as a result of poor
sanitation and there is a high level of stunting among under-five children. The expenditure on
the cure of sanitation related diseases far outweighs that spent on prevention.
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4.0
JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROGRAMME AND OF THE REVIEW PROCESS
The BEHS programme has been in existence since 2000. At its inception, there were very few
degree trained environmental and occupational health workers who had specialized in primary
preventive measures like water safety, sanitation, food hygiene, good housing, pest control and
waste management which are the key elements for the promotion of good health. At the
moment, the programme after five years of graduating students, the need for graduates in
Environmental and Occupational health is still present. This need for a BEHS trained personnel
partly stems from the increasing environmental stressors coupled with population increase
within the country and also within the region at large. One of the areas of major and increasing
concern is environmental pollution arising from the industrialization strategy of the economy.
The needs for environmental health services are complex because of the changes brought about
by the socio-economic and technological advances.
The Kampala Declaration on Sanitation (1997) emphasized the fact that sanitation began at and
recommended planning for sanitation related activities be established at National, District,
Health Sub-District (HSD), Sub-counties and Urban authorities. This implied that there was an
increased demand for technical personnel in the field of environmental health at all the different
levels to guide in policy formulation and implementation of activities.
The Quality Assurance Unit in the University demands for Quality programmes in all faculties at
the University. The current BEHS Programme has been running since year 2000 without a
review of the curriculum. Curricula should be reviewed every after the pioneer students of a
programme graduate. This process checks the relevance of the programme to the prevailing and
to the future demands.
Environmental issues are increasingly becoming a Global concern and therefore there is need
to increase scope and also introduce new appropriate courses on the programme. Gender and
leadership dimensions have been incorporated into the programme. Strengthening both these
components in Public Health is currently taken as a major step in improving service delivery in
Health Systems.
5.0
AREAS OF COMPETENCIES
This programme is intended to strengthen the capacity of the graduate to successfully identify
and manage environmental problems by facilitating the acquisition of adequate knowledge and
development of skills and attitudes through understanding and use of the 10 Essential Services
of Environmental Health as follow;
(i) Monitor environmental and health status to identify and solve community environmental
health problems.
(ii) Diagnose and investigate environmental health problems and health hazards in the
community.
(iii) Inform, educate and empower people about environmental health issues.
(iv) Mobilize community partnerships and actions to identify and solve environmental health
problems.
(v) Participate in developing policies and plans that support individual and community
environmental health efforts.
(vi) Enforce laws and regulations that protect environmental health and ensure safety.
(vii) Link people to needed personal environmental health services and assure the provision of
healthcare when otherwise unavailable.
(viii) Assure competent environmental health and personal healthcare workforce.
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(ix) Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and population based
environmental health services.
(x) Research for new insights and innovative solutions to environmental health problems.
6.0
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the BEHS programme are to produce a graduate who should be able to:1. Develop an understanding of:
(a) The chemical, biological, physical and social factors which affect the health of the
community.
(b) Relevant concepts from the appropriate social and behavioural sciences.
(c) The management and administration of the environmental health delivery systems.
2. Become proficient in techniques of:
(a) Identifying community environmental health needs.
(b) Recognising health hazards at work places.
(c) Information collection, storage, retrieval, analysis and dissemination.
(d) Environmental health monitoring, analysis and management.
(e) Communicable and Non-communicable diseases prevention and control.
(f) Supervision, monitoring and evaluation of environmental health services and activities.
(g) Operational research and applied technology.
3. Acquire skills in the application of the above techniques and knowledge to the solution of
community environmental health problems and occupational health and safety requirements.
7.0
NATURE OF PROGRAMME
The BEHS will be a 3 year full time semesterized study programme. Each year shall consist of
two semesters with each semester lasting 17 weeks, of which 15 weeks will be used for teaching
and 2 for examinations. This will be a day programme. It will be both government and privately
sponsored.
In all the courses on the programme, classroom teaching, demonstrations and laboratory work
will be supplemented with field practical training and research. Problem based learning methods
will be used in the teaching of the programme courses.
The following key skills will be embedded into the teaching of each course: Communication
technology, managing and developing self, working with others, creativity in problem solving,
professionalism and ethical conduct. The product will be a graduate who will approach
environmental health issues with a holistic global perspective and critically analyze problems
with a view to integrating theory and practice in the assessment and provision of preventive and
promotive health care services.
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8.0
RESOURCES
8.1 Lecturers
The Programme will be run on a multi-disciplinary basis using specialists from within MUSPH,
other faculties within the University and resource persons from outside the University.
Emphasis on staff from Makerere University will be on staff from Faculties of Medicine,
Technology, Agriculture, Veterinary Medicine, Social Sciences, and the Makerere University,
Institute of Environment and Natural Resources (IENR). (See appendix A)
8.2 Space
The programme will be housed at Makerere University School of Public Health, in New Mulago
Hospital Complex. The programme will make use of the laboratories at Kasangati Health Centre.
The programme will also when necessary exploit existing facilities (lecture rooms, laboratories
etc) in all the collaborative University and non-University departments.
8.3 Equipment
There has been sufficient equipment to run the programme, however more will need to be
acquired to cater for the increased intake of students into the programme.
9.0
REGULATIONS FOR THE DEGREE IN BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH SCIENCE (BEHS)
9.1 General Programme Regulations
Studies and examination for the degree of BEHS shall be governed by the general regulations
and statutes of Makerere University.
9.2 Admission Requirements
The programme is open to Ugandans and Non-Ugandans who fulfil the admission
requirements.
Admission to the programme shall be through any of the following avenues:
Direct Entry Scheme
Mature age entry scheme
Diploma Holders Entry Scheme
The entry point for admission to other years through transfer from other programmes or
Universities will be determined by the MUSPH Board.
9.2.1 Direct Entry Scheme
For direct entry scheme, an applicant must obtain any two advanced level principal passes in
Biology and Chemistry at the same sitting of the Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education
Examination or its equivalent. For purposes of computing entry points, the advanced level
subjects shall carry the following weights:
9
Weight 3
Weight 2
Weight 1
Weight 0.5
- Biology and Chemistry
- One best done of the following subjects:
Mathematics, Physics, Geography, Agriculture, Food and
Nutrition, Technical drawing, Economics, and Religious Studies
- General Paper
- All others.
9.2.2 Mature Age Entry Scheme
Admission may also be by mature age entry scheme after passing two special mature age
University Examinations in aptitude and specialized knowledge.
9.2.3 Diploma Holders Entry Scheme
Holders of Diploma in Environmental Health (or in any other environmental health related
course) of Makerere University or from any recognized University/Institution may be admitted to
the programme
10.0
NATURE OF THE PROGRAMME
10.1 Duration
The BEHS programme shall extend over a period of 3 years and each year shall consist of 2
Semesters. There shall be a recess term for Field attachment of 6 weeks between the 2nd and 3rd
year of study.
10.2 Length of semester
Each semester shall last 17 weeks of which 15 shall be for teaching and 2 for examinations.
10.3 Types of Courses
All courses in the programme are compulsory and must be passed independently by a student in
order to obtain a degree.
10.4 Course Credits
Instructions shall be by courses, quantified into Course Credit Units:
(a) A credit unit is granted for a series of fifteen contact hours per semester or one contact hour
per week per semester.
(b) A contact hour is calculated as being equivalent to: One lecture hour
 One Tutorial/ Seminar hour
 Two Practical/ Laboratory hours
 Three Industrial / Workshop practice / Field attachment hours
(c) No course shall carry less than one credit unit.
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11.0 PROGRAMME STRUCTURE
Details of the Programme structure are specified below:
L = Lecture hours
P = Practical hours
CH = Contact hours
CU = Credit Units
PROPOSED COURSES
YEAR I: SEMESTER I
CODE
COURSE TITLE
L
P
CH
CU
EHS 1109
Human Environment
45
30
60
4
EHS 1102
Introduction to Human Biology
30
30
45
3
EHS 1103
Principles of Biostatistics
45
0
45
3
EHS 1104
Principles of Epidemiology
45
0
45
3
EHS 1110
Principles of Demography
45
0
45
3
EHS 1111
Public Health Microbiology
45
60
75
5
Total Credit Units
CODE
YEAR I: SEMESTER II
COURSE TITLE
21
L
P
CH
CU
60
30
75
5
EHS 1209
Control of Diseases of Public Health
Importance
Hydrology and Hydraulics
45
60
75
5
EHS 1210
Health Laboratory Management
15
30
30
2
EHS 1211
Vector and Vermin Control
30
30
45
3
EHS 1212
Communication for Behaviour
Change
Total Credit Units
45
60
75
5
EHS 1208
20
CODE
PROPOSED COURSES
YEAR II: SEMESTER I
COURSE TITLE
L
P
CH
CU
EHS 2108
Solid Waste Management
45
30
60
4
EHS 2109
30
30
45
3
EHS 2103
Excreta and Wastewater Management
and Treatment
Environmental Pollution
30
30
45
3
EHS 2110
Community Health and Development
30
30
45
3
EHS 2111
Fundamentals of Environmental
Health Law
Research Methods
45
0
45
3
45
0
45
3
EHS 2112
Total Credit Units
19
CODE
EHS 2207
YEAR II: SEMESTER II
COURSE TITLE
Food and Nutrition
L
30
P
30
CH
45
CU
3
EHS 2208
Building Technology I
30
60
60
4
EHS 2209
Food Safety Management
45
30
60
4
EHS 2210
Occupational Health and Safety
30
30
45
3
EHS 2211
Institutions and Public Places Health
Management
Urban and Rural Water Supply
30
30
45
3
45
30
60
4
EHS 2212
Total Credit Units
CODE
EHS 2301
END OF 2nd YEAR SEMESTER BREAK
COURSE TITLE
L
P
Field Training (6 weeks)
0
135
Total Credit Units
21
CH
45
CU
3
3
12
CODE
PROPOSED COURSES
YEAR III: SEMESTER I
COURSE TITLE
L
P
CH
EHS 3107
Project Work (proposal development)
0
90
30
EHS 3108
EHS 3101
Environmental Health Legislation
Building Technology II
45
30
60
4
30
30
45
3
EHS 3109
EHS 3106
EHS 3110
Food Inspection
Town and Country Planning
Resource Management and Health
Policy
Total Credit Units
30
60
60
4
30
30
30
30
45
45
3
3
CU
*2
17
*(2 Credit Units carried to Semester II)
CODE
YEAR III: SEMESTER II
COURSE TITLE
L
P
CH
CU
EHS 3201
Project Work (Report writing)
0
135
45
3
EHS 3209
Building Technology III
30
30
45
3
EHS 3210
Management of Public Health
Emergencies
Leadership in Environmental Health
30
30
45
3
20
20
30
2
EHS 3211
EHS 3212
Traditional and Complementary
25
40
45
3
Medicine
Total Credit Units
16
*(2 Credit Units carried from Project Work (proposal development)
13
12.0 EXAMINATION REGULATIONS
12 1 There shall be a Board of Examiners composed of external and internal examiners
appointed by Senate on the recommendation of the MUSPH Board. Both shall be chaired by the
Dean.
12.2 The Board of Examiners shall receive, consider and recommend to Senate, the
examinations results of each candidate.
12.3 The MUSPH Board shall recommend the results of examinations to the Senate for
consideration and approval.
13.0 WITHDRAWAL FROM PROGRAMME
A student can withdraw from the programme without penalty any time up to and including the
seventh full week of the semester. Thereafter, a student who withdraws will be deemed to have
failed.
14.0
ASSESSMENT OF COURSES
14.1 Each course shall be assessed on the basis of 100 total marks with proportions as
follows:Course work
40%
Final Examinations
60%
14.2
Course work shall consist of laboratory/ practical work and progressive assessment
(Assignments / tests), with each component constituting 20%.
14.3
For a course without laboratory work, progressive assessment shall carry 40%.
14.4
A minimum of two course work assignments / tests shall be required per course.
14.5
For practical courses (workshop practice, and industrial/field training) assessment shall
be by assignment and/or report.
14.6
The pass mark shall be 60%
15.0
GRADING OF COURSES
15.1 Each course shall be graded out of a maximum of 100 marks and assigned appropriate
letter grades, grade point average and interpretation as follows:
Marks (%)
90-100
80-89
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-45
Below 40
Letter Grade
A+
A
B+
B
C+
C
D+
D
E
EF
Grade Point
5.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
l.5
l.0
0.5
Interpretation
Exceptional
Excellent
Very Good
Good
Fairly Good
Pass
Marginal Fail
Clear Fail
Bad Fail
Qualified Fail
Qualified Fail
15.2
Field attachment / Industrial training courses shall be graded and awarded credit units.
15.3
The pass grade per course is 2.0
15.4
No credit unit shall be awarded for any course in which a student fails.
16.0
PROGRESSION
Progression through the courses shall be assessed in three ways:
16.1
Normal Progress
This occurs when a student passes each course taken with a minimum grade point of 2.0
16.2
Probationary
This is a warning stage and occurs if:(a) A student fails a course, or
(b) A student obtains CGPA of less than 2.0
Probation is removed when either of the conditions (a) and (b) no longer holds.
16.3
Discontinuation
A student shall be discontinued from the programme if one of the following conditions obtains:16.3.1 Failing a course taken on probation
16.3.2 Receiving two consecutive probations based on CGPA
17.0
RE-TAKING A COURSE
There shall be no supplementary in any course of the programme. However, a student may
retake any course when it is offered again in order to:a)
Pass it if the student has failed it before.
b)
Improve the grade if the first pass grade was low.
18.0 DESIGNATION OF THE DEGREE
The degree awarded to the successful candidate shall be designated as Bachelor of
Environmental Health Science (BEHS).
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19.0
DESCRIPTION OF COURSES
EHS 1109
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT (4 CU)
Course Description: The course aims at enabling the student understand and be able to apply
integrative and multi-sectoral approaches in resolving environmental health concerns. Ecological
concepts are introduced and the interaction between humans and the environment are described.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Explain the key terms and concepts used in ecology
ii) Explain the concept of inter-relationships in environmental studies
iii) Explain the influence of ecological factors on living things
iv) Explain the concepts of ecosystems and bio-diversity
v) Describe the concept of ecological sustainability
vi) Demonstrate the impact of ecological factors on environmental health
vii) Explain the process of Environmental Impact Assessment
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction to environmental health.

Ecology, Biotone, Ecotone, Ecosystems, Care of environment, Interrelatedness of life’s
ecosystem.

Biotic community. Ecological domains. Ecological Niche, Biomass.

Food-chain.

Human ecosystems, Inter-relatedness in the environment, Ecological factors Energy flow
through the Biosphere. Biogeochemical cycling. Ecological succession.

Ecosystem management.

Environmental hazards and degradation: Persistent Organic Pollutants, Pesticides,
Mutation, Birth defects, Human Teratogens.

Environmental Impact Assessment.

Basic principles of ecology and their applications in the human environment.

Conservation of natural resources, Pollution and environmental health, Sustainable
development, Cleaner production.

Integrated ecosystem management systems.

Field study.
Mode of delivery:
- Lectures, Tutorials/Seminars and field work/practical.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
40%.
60%.
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Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Nadakavukavien. A; Man and Environment- A Health Perspective 3rd Edition
3. Ponofsky. H; “Earth’s endangered ozone” Environmental magazine , vol.20 No.3, 1978
4. Jackson H.H & Moris G. P. et al. Environmental Health; Reference book; Butterworths,
London. 1989.
5. Sandy Caircross & Feachem Richard G; Environmental health- an introductory text; John
Wiley & sons, N.Y., 1982
6. Salvato Joseph, Environmental Engineering & Sanitation 4th edition; John Wiley & sons
1992.
7. Environmental Health For East Africa; Rukaro (Ed) – 2000
Course Facilitators
Mr. Stephen Tusingwire
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi
Mr. Richard Mugambe
Dr. John Ssempebwa
Mr. John B. Isunju
EHS 1102
BEHS
BEHS, MSc
BEHS, MSc
BSc, MSc, PhD
BEHS, MIWRM
INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY (3 CU)
Course description: Course aims at giving students basic knowledge on and terms used in
human Anatomy and Physiology, structures and functions of different body systems and an
outline of common pathological conditions of the human body systems.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Define terms commonly used in Anatomy and Physiology.
ii) Describe the structure and function of the different body parts and their relationship to each
other.
iii) Outline common pathological conditions of the human body systems.
iv) Describe the development of the different structures of the human body as well as their
histological appearance.
v) Describe habits which promote good functioning of the body systems.
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction to Anatomy, anatomical nomenclature, definition of key terminologies in
Anatomy

Regional anatomy of head, Central Nervous System, Cardiovascular system, Genital
Urinary tract, trunk, limbs,

Embryology of the human body and cell structure, cell division, replication

Introduction to physiology and definition of key terminologies in Physiology

Physiology of the Gastro Intestinal Tract, Cardiovascular system, Genital Urinary tract,
blood and body fluids,

Cell metabolism
17

Laboratory techniques e.g. Respiratory system, kidney and liver function tests
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials/seminars and laboratory work/practical.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
40%.
60 %.
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials in the Sir Albert Cook Medical Library.
2. Van De Graaff, Kent M. Human Anatomy. 5th ed. Boston, Mass.: WCB/McGraw-Hill, 1998.
3. Clayman, Charles B., ed. The Human Body: An Illustrated Guide to Its Structure,
Function, and Disorders. London: Dorling Kindersley, 1995
4. Seeley, Rod R., Trent D. Stephens, and Philip Tate. Anatomy & physiology. 4th ed. Boston,
1998.
Course Facilitators
Dr. C. Ibingira
Prof. G. Nzarubara
Dr. Kukiriza
Dr. W. Buwembo
Dr. J. Turyabahika
Ms. Naiga
Mr. G. Masilili
Dr. J. Ochieng
Dr. Munabi
Dr. Kiryowa
EHS 1103
MBChB, MMed
MBChB, MMed
MBChB
BDS, MSc
MBChB, MMed
MBChB
BSc, MSc,
MBChB, MSc, MHSC
MBChB, MMed
BDS
PRINCIPLES OF BIOSTATISTICS (3 CU)
Course description: The course describes the principles and concepts of Biostatistics, and is
designed to introduce students to the application of these principles and concepts in
environmental health management.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i)
Define the concept of Biostatistics and common terminologies used in biostatistics
ii) Describe the different types of scales of measurement
iii) Explain the importance of Biostatistics as a tool for data collection, processing and
analysis
iv) Demonstrate ability to process, analyze and appropriately present data using simple
statistical summary measures (e.g. central tendency, measures of dispersion, etc), and
graphical tools
v) Should be able to critically appraise environmental health information using simple
statistical methods.
vi) Demonstrate the ability to make appropriate conclusions, take appropriate
decision and action on the basis of statistical data results.
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vii) Demonstrate the use of computer packages e.g. EPIINFO, SPSS, and/or STATA
in the application of the different statistical methods taught
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction to the concept and application of Biostatistics

The different sources of data

The different types of scales of measurements

Data summary measures (measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion,
etc), and data presentation methods (tabular and graphical)

Confidence intervals, their application and interpretation

Population, target population, study population, sample, and the different methods
of selecting a sample (sampling techniques)

Sampling distributions (Normal distribution, t-distribution, chi-square distribution
and the F-distribution)

Introduction to statistical hypothesis testing, the concept of “p-value” and its
interpretation; and application of the t-test, Z-test & chi-square test

Sample size calculation
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials/Seminars

As much as possible students will be expected to use computer packages (EPIINFO,
SPSS and/or STATA) in the class exercises and assignments.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and/or long assay questions
40%.
60%.
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Moore D. S and McCabe G. P (2002) Introduction to the Practice of Statistics, 5th ed.
Freeman. Additional materials are on reserve at the Health Sciences Library.
3. Moore D. S (1997) Statistics: Concepts and Controversies, 4th ed. WH Freeman and Co.,
New York, 526 pp.
4. Rosner B (1995) Fundamentals of Biostatistics, 4th ed. Duxbury Press.
Course Facilitators
Dr. David Guwatudde
Dr. Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye
Mr. Simon Kasasa
Mr. David Odaka Mukanga
Dr. Sheba Nakacubo Giita
Mr. Francis Muwonge
BStat, MSc, PhD
BStat, MSc, MA, PhD
BStat, MS
BPharm, MPH
BDS, MPH
BStat, MSc
19
Prof. Fred Wabwire-Mangen
Prof. Joseph Konde-Lule
Dr. Fredrick Makumbi
Dr. David Ndungutse
Dr. Danstan Bagenda
EHS 1104
MBChB, DTM&H, MPH, PhD
MBChB, DPH, MPH
BStat, MHS, PhD
MBChB, DPH, MSc
BStat, M.Med, PhD
PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (3 CU)
Course Description: The course deals with knowledge and concepts of epidemiology and its
application in procedures for the assessment, control and prevention of environmental health
problems.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Explain the concept and application of epidemiology
ii) Describe the epidemiological approaches used in the assessment and evaluation of risks
to health from environmental hazards.
iii) Explain the principles of diseases association and causation
iv) Describe the common transmission ways of frequent diseases in the East African
countries
v) Demonstrate the ability to keep epidemiological data, analyze it and communicate the
results to relevant users.
Detailed Course Outline
 Concepts and applications of epidemiology

Measures of disease occurrences

Principles of disease causation and association

Application of common epidemiological packages e.g. Epi-Info

Introduction to epidemiological research: study design, errors in epidemiological studies,
and interpretation of epidemiological studies

Vital statistics and surveillance

Occupational and environmental health epidemiology
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, Tutorials and seminars
Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
40%.
60%.
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Talbot, E. Craun, G. (Ed). (1995). An Introduction to Environmental Epidemiology. Lewis
Publishers
20
3. Principles of Epidemiology by Leon Gordis
4. Epidemiology in Medicine by Hennekens
5. Foundations of Epidemiology by Linnenfield
6. Raj Bhopal . Concepts of Epidemiology: An integrated introduction to the ideas, theories,
principles and methods of epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2002.
7. Penny Webb, Christopher Bain, Sandi Pirozzo. Essential Epidemiology. An Introduction for
Students and Health Professionals. Cambridge University Press, 2005.
Course Facilitators
Prof. Joseph Konde-Lule
Prof. Fred Wabwire-Mangen
Dr. David Ndungutse
Dr. David Guwatudde
Mr. David Odaka Mukanga
Dr. Sheba Nakacubo Giita
Ms Barbara Kirunda
Dr. Roy Mayega
EHS 1110
MBChB, DPH, MSc
MBChB, DTM&H, MPH, PhD
MBChB, DPH, MSc
B Stat, MSc, PhD
B Pharm, MPH
BDS, MPH
BSc FST, MPH
MBChB, MPH
PRINCIPLES OF DEMOGRAPHY (3 CU)
Course Description: The course covers definitions of demography and its history. It describes
populations and determinants and consequences of population change, population policies and
sources of data, basic measurements for mortality, fertility and migration in estimation and
projections of population changes.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Compute basic measures of mortality, fertility and migration
ii) Explain the inter-link between demography and environmental health
iii) Compute and explain estimates, projections and demographic indices of mortality,
fertility and migration
iv) Explain factors associated with population structure, composition and changes
v) Explain the country’s population policies
Detailed Course Outline
 Concepts and application of demography

Basic measures of mortality, fertility and migration

Cross-border movement and its health effects

Urbanization; causes and effects

Population displacements, causes and effects

Registration: Births, Deaths, Marriages, Immigration

Population structure, composition and changes, age pyramids
and cohorts, Life expectancy
21

Population estimates and projections

Demographic information application to environmental health

Population policies
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, Tutorials
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
40%.
60%
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Adamchak, S. E. & Weiss, L. A. 1997, Assessing the policy environment: What influences
population policy?
3. Government of Uganda. 2002. Uganda country report for the fourth meeting of the follow-up
committee on the implementation of the DND and ICPD-PA.
UNECA.http://www.uneca.org/POPIA/Peda/Uganda.doc, 1-12-2005
4. Kpedekpo, G. M. K. 1982. Essentials of Demographic Analysis for Africa. Heinemann, USA.,
London,UK.
5. Shryock, H. S. and Siegel, J. S. 1976. The Methods and Materials of Demography. Condensed
Edition edn. Stockwell, E. G. Academic Press, New York.
6. UBOS. 2005. Report of 2002 Population and housing census. Uganda Bureau of Statistics,
Kampala. http://www.ubos.org/, 29-4-2005
Course Facilitators
Dr. Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye
Dr. Robinah Najjemba
Ms. Ann Nakirijja
Dr. Roy Mayega
Mr. Andrew Tiondi
Mr. Simon Kasasa,
Ms. Barbara Kirunda Tabusibwa
Dr. Fred Makumbi
EHS 1111
BStat, MA, MSc, PhD
MBChB, MPH
BSc, MSc
MBChB, MPH
BA, MA
BStat, MS
BSc FST, MPH
B.Stat, MSc. PhD
PUBLIC HEALTH MICROBIOLOGY (5 CU)
Course description: The course covers terminologies used in microbiology, major groups of
microorganisms and their role in causing disease in populations and methods of controlling
diseases. Beneficial roles of micro-organisms are also described.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Define common terminologies in Microbiology.
22
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
Recognize the differences between the major groups of micro-organisms.
Explain the factors that influence microbial growth and distribution patterns.
Identify the major reservoirs of infectious agents and transmissions routes.
Explain the role of micro-organisms in disease.
Demonstrate the ability to observe and accurately identify micro-organisms
Detailed Course Outline

Common terminologies in microbiology, characteristics and classification of microorganisms;

Growth patterns of micro-organisms. Concepts in microbial physiology and the structure
and function of microbial cells. Mechanisms of gene transfer, gene regulation, and
genetic analysis in bacteria and single-celled fungi (yeasts).

Pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms. The role of bacterial structures and products
in the disease processes initiated by pathogens.

Reservoirs of infection and transmission routes. Current and future trends in the
prevention, treatment and control of bacterial and parasitic diseases.

The biochemistry, physiology, pathogenicity, immunology and mechanism of drug action
and resistance of medically important parasitic protozoa, trematodes, nematodes, and
cestodes.

Pathogenesis and molecular biology of viruses.

Describe the host response to infection including the interaction of T-cells, B-cells and
antigens leading to humoral and cell mediated responses.

Sampling methods including human samples, water and food samples for laboratory
analysis.

Growth media and techniques used in a microbiological laboratory. Basic techniques for
the examination, isolation, cultivation, and identification of micro-organisms in the
laboratory. Emerging or re-emerging organisms.
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, laboratory practical
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
40%
60%.
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Duerden B. I., Reid T. M. S. and Jewsbury J. M. 1993. Microbial and Parasitic Infection.
Arnold. Oxford University Press Inc
3. Thomas D. Brock and Michael T. Madigan, 1991. Biology of Microorganisms. 6th Ed.
Prentice-Hall International, Inc
4. Johri, R.M. Sneh Lata and Sandhya Sharma. A Textbook of Algae. New Delhi, Dominant Pub.,
2004.
5. Christiaan Hoek, D. J. Mann, Hans Martin Jahns Algae: an introduction to phycology
Cambridge University Press. 1996
23
6. Webster John and Weber Roland. Introduction to Fungi, 3rd Ed. Cambridge University Press
2007
7. Frazer, W.C. and Westhoff, D.C. 1988. Food Microbiology, 4th Ed. Mcgraw Hill, New York.
8. Jay, J.M. 1992. Modern Food Microbiology, 4th edition, Van Nostraaand Reinhold Co., New
York.
Course Facilitators
Dr. Juliet Babirye
Mr. Rudolf Buga
Mr. Stephen Tusingwire,
Mr. Ali Halage
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi,
Mr. Richard Mugambe,
Dr. John Ssempebwa,
Mr. Stephen Owarwe
Prof. Fred Wabwire-Mangen
EHS 1208
MBChB, MPH
DMLT., BSc., MSc., PGDE
BEHS
BEHS
BEHS, MSc
BEHS, MSc
BSc, MSc, PhD
DMLT
MBChB, DTM&H, MPH, PhD
CONTROL OF DISEASES OF PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE (5 CU)
Course description: The course covers the common communicable and non-communicable
diseases prevalent in the East African Region and describes measures for their prevention and
control including surveillance and management of disease outbreaks. The course will also cover
skills development to be able to actively participate in disease surveillance and in instituting
measures for preventing and controlling communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Explain the factors influencing spread of communicable diseases
ii) Explain different types of immunity and body defence mechanisms
iii) Explain the principles and terminologies in immunization.
iv) Identify the common communicable and non-communicable diseases prevalent in the East
African Region.
v) Describe aetiology, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms, prevention and control of
communicable diseases.
vi) Explain environmental factors associated with the spread of communicable diseases.
vii) Advise on appropriate measures related to prevention of communicable diseases.
viii) Describe the roles of different stakeholders in the control of outbreaks.
ix) Plan and execute disease control strategies.
x) Design and execute epidemic preparedness plans.
Detailed Course Outline
 Commonly used terminologies in communicable

and non-communicable diseases
Communicable and non-communicable diseases e.g. Water washed diseases, scabies,
contact diseases, Sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AID, Water borne diseases (e.g.
Cholera), Airborne diseases (e.g. Meningitis), Zoonotic diseases (e.g. Anthrax), Faecaloral diseases, tuberculosis, leprosy, diarrhoeal diseases, acute respiratory infections,
24
measles, meningitis; hepatitis A and B, rabies, plague, heart diseases, mental diseases,
and Obesity. Diseases associated with bioterrorism.

Disease prevention and management at community levels

Disease surveillance, investigation and control techniques for outbreaks.

Aetiology of immunizable diseases

Principles of immunology and immunization

Characteristics of vaccines

Cold chain and other equipment for immunization

The National notifiable and epidemic potential diseases: cholera, dysentery, measles,
meningitis, malaria, polio, neonatal tetanus, plague, typhoid fever, yellow fever, rabies,
and viral haemorrhagic fever

General preventive and control measures

Role of key professionals and organizations responsible for outbreak investigations and
control

Legal framework for control and prevention of diseases. Review of previous outbreak
investigations

Environmental health inspections targeting disease prevention and control

Management of mass immunization campaigns

Practical and field work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, Tutorials, Practicals
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%)
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Anderson, RM, RM May (1982). Population Biology of Infectious Diseases. SpringerVerlag
3. Abram S. Benenson, (1990) Control of communicable diseases in Man., APHA.
4. Nelson KE, Williams CM, Grahman NMH, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Theory and
Practice (2001). Aspen Publishers, Inc. Maryland USA.
5. Manson-Bahr PEC, Bell DR. (1987). Manson’s Tropical Diseases. ELBS. Suffolk, UK.
6. http://www.dcp2.org/main/Home.html : This website is prepared by the World Bank and
highlights key priority diseases and recommendations on their control
25
Course Facilitators
Prof. David Serwadda
Dr. Fred Nuwaha
Dr. Florence Baingana
Dr. Margaret Muganwa
Dr. Juliet Babirye
Mr. Rudolf Buga
Dr. Esther Buregyeya
Dr. John Bosco Ddamulira
Mr. Michael Oryema-Lalobo
Mr. Stephen Owarwe
EHS 1209
MBChB, MSc, M.Med, MPH
MBChB, MPH,PhD
MBChB,
MBChB,
MBChB, MPH
DMLT, BSc, MSc, PGDE
MBChB, MPhil
MBChB, DHSM, MPH
BSc, MS
DMLT
HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS (5 CU)
Course Description
The course includes descriptions of the basic land-phase of the hydrological cycle and hydraulic
processes. The processes considered include precipitation, infiltration, runoff generation,
streamflow and open channel hydraulics, evapo-transpiration, rainfall interception, and
subsurface flow. Catchment hydrological processes are illustrated through case studies.
Selection of pumps and water resources planning are discussed.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Explain the basic concepts and principles of processes governing the transfer of water
between the atmosphere, land surface, subsurface and natural channels.
ii) Interpret hydrological parameter measurement techniques.
iii) Explain the processes affecting the quality of water in aquifers, rivers, lakes and
reservoirs
iv) Interpret and be able to use the simple hydrological models commonly used in
environmental engineering applications
v) Describe the processes controlling water flow and contaminant and sediment transport in
catchments, groundwater and surface waters and to be able to quantify such movements.
vi) Conduct a hydrologic budget for a water body and estimate uncertainties; describe the
physical principles of, estimate, measure, and model the main components of a
hydrologic budget, including precipitation, evapo-transpiration, infiltration, overland
flow, and stream flow.
Detailed Course Outline
Hydrology:
 Hydrological cycle and earth water inventory

Types of water sources

Forms, types and measurement of precipitation

Rainfall-runoff, data computation
26

Occurrence of ground water, factors influencing aquifers, groundwater flow; open
channel flow; point water sources, water-shed management and it’s effect on aquifers,
flood consideration

Water resource development and uses in Uganda
Hydraulics:

Introduction to pressure in respect to static pressure, pressure distribution around a
column, pressure variation with depth pressures on submerged surfaces, pressure
measurements, and flotation

Principles of fluid flow: Continuity of flow, momentum of fluids, energy of fluid,
Bernoulli’s equation for frictionless flow, loss of energy

Flow measurements. Venturi - meter and piston tube, small and large orifices, not dices
and weirs

Open Channel Flow: Flow classification, steady uniform flow, steady non uniform flow,
natural and artificial channels and their properties

Flow under varying head: Tank emptying through orifice or pipe, time to fill the tank,
inflow and outflow, sudden opening of a valve, reservoir emptying over weir

Practical and field work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials/seminars and practical/field work
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
40%.
60%.
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Twort A. C., Law F. M. and Crowley F. W and D. D. Ratnayaka Water Supply (1993) 4th
Edition, Arnold Publishers
3. Morgan Peter. Rural Water Supplies and Sanitation, A text from Zimbabwe’s Blair Research
Laboratory (1994), Macmillan Publishers
4. Chow, V T, Maidment, D R and Mays, L W (1988) Applied Hydrology, McGraw-Hill.
5. Shaw, E M, Hydrology in Practice, Van Nostrand Rheinhold (International).
6. Chadwick, A and Morfett, J (1993) Hydraulics in Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2nd
Ed., Chapman and Hall
7. Chow, V.T. ed. 1998. Applied Hydrology. New York. McGraw-Hill.
8. Maidment, D.R. ed. 1992. Handbook of Hydrology. New York, McGraw-Hill.
Course Facilitators
Mr. Stephen Tusingwire,
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi,
Mr. Richard Mugambe,
Dr. John Ssempebwa,
Mr. Allan Komaketch,
Mr. Peter Tumutegyereize
BEHS
BEHS, MSc
BEHS, MSc
BSc, MSc, PhD
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng. Dipl
BSc Agric. Eng
27
Mr. John B. Isunju
Mr. Abdullah Halage
EHS 1210
BEHS, MIWRM
BEHS
HEALTH LABORATORY MANAGEMENT (2 CU)
Course description: The course describes the layout of a health laboratory, recommended
equipment found in such a laboratory, routine procedures carried out in a health laboratory and
measures taken to ensure safety and proper functioning of the laboratory. It also deals with the
function of National Laboratory service and the Health Laboratory Management Information
system.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Explain the flow of information in the Health Laboratory Management Information system
(HLMIS)
ii) Classify pathogens and Bio-safety levels of Health laboratories
iii) Describe the design, procedures and equipment in the health laboratory
iv) Execute basic laboratory manipulations.
Detailed Course Outline
 Information flow in the Health Laboratory Management Information system (HLMIS)

Laboratory design, standard specification, organization and management

Safety procedures and control: classification of pathogens and Bio-safety levels of
Health laboratories

Laboratory equipment and furniture

Laboratory procedures: routine, analytical chemical and environmental/biological
monitoring

Quality control and assurance

Regulation and the shipment of pathological specimen

Collaborations with other national and international laboratories (e.g. consultation with
medical, animal health, agriculture, and industrial laboratories)

Practical work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials and practical work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
28
2. Laboratory Bio-safety manual WHO, 2nd Ed.
3. Laboratory Bio-safety manual WHO 3rd Ed.
4. Cheesbrough Monica, Medical Laboratory manual for tropical countries Part 1 1st Ed.
5. Cheesbrough Monica, Medical Laboratory manual for tropical countries Part 1, 2nd Ed.
6. Cater, J. and Lenana Lema (1994) Practical Laboratory Manual for Health Centres in East Africa;
Course Facilitators
Mr. Rudolf Buga
Mr. Lali Ziras
EHS 1211
DMLT., BSc., MSc., PGDE
DMLT, BBLT, MSc
VECTOR AND VERMIN CONTROL (3 CU)
Course description: The course describes different vectors and vermins of environmental health
importance, their life cycles, and methods of disease transmission and measures to control them.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Classify various types of vectors and vermin of environmental health importance.
ii) Describe the characteristics of disease causing vectors.
iii) Describe the life histories and control measures of the vectors of environmental heath
importance.
iv) Describe the public health importance of various vectors and vermin.
v) Initiate control measures for vectors and vermin.
Detailed Course Outline
 Classification of vectors and vermin of environmental health importance

Characteristics, habitats, life history, economic/medical importance of vectors and
vermin.

Medical Entomology: vector and pest biology and control.

Diseases caused by vectors and vermin

Control measures of vectors of environmental health importance (Vectors: Mosquitoes,
Latrine flies, Tsetse flies, Simulium flies, Fleas, Ticks,-Pests of stored food products,
House flies, Blow flies, Snails, Lice, Bed bugs, Cockroaches, Mite, Scorpions). Control
measures to include use of pesticides and other methods

Control measures of vermin of environmental health importance (Vermin: Rodents, bees,
scorpions, bats, ants etc). Use of rodenticide, rodent proofing dusts, Gassing and
fumigation, Trapping, Sewer treatment, Rodent proofing of premises

Surveying for vermin infestation

Vector-borne diseases (e.g. Malaria)
29

Practical/Laboratory work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, seminars, laboratory and other practical work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Nadakavukavien. A; Man and Environment- A Health Perspective 3rd Edition
Jackson H.H & Moris G. P. et al. Environmental Health; Reference book; Butterworths, London.
1989
3. Sandy Caircross & Feachem Richard G; Environmental health- an introductory text; John
Wiley & sons, N.Y., 1982
4. Sandy Cairncross and Feachem Richard G; Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics
John Wiley & sons, N.Y., 2002
5. Salvato Joseph, Environmental Engineering & Sanitation 4th edition; John Wiley & sons
1992.
6. Salvato Joseph, Nemerow N. L. and Argady, F. J., Environmental Engineering & Sanitation
5th Ed; John Wiley & sons, 2003.
Course Facilitators
Mr. Rudolf Buga
Mr. Michael Oryema-Lalobo
Mr. Richard Mugambe
Mr. Stephen Owarwe
EHS 1212
DMLT, BSc, MSc, PGDE
BSc, MPH
BEHS, MSc
DMLT
COMMUNICATION FOR BEHAVIOUR CHANGE (5 CU)
Course description: The course covers the principles and components of health education and
communication and how they can be used in environmental health to effect the desired
behavioural change.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course the student should be able to:
i)
Define terms commonly used in environmental health education, health
communication and behaviour change.
ii)
Explain the importance of environmental health education and communication.
iii)
Describe the components and the process of health education and communication.
iv)
Explain the techniques and tools of health education and communication.
v)
Explain the characteristics of different communities targeted for behaviour
change.
vi)
Design appropriate tools for health education and communication.
30
vii)
Evaluate impact of health education and communication.
viii)
Organize sensitization sessions
ix)
Apply proper techniques of health education and communication.
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction to Health education and communication techniques

Different methods used in planning and delivery of health education

Techniques and tools of effective communication related to environmental health.

Design and production of appropriate IEC materials, use of ICTs

Mass media and appropriate messages

Health education curriculum design

Relationship between beliefs, attitudes and behavioural changes

Types and factors that influence health behaviour

The role of an Environmental Health Officer in Health promotion

Field and Practical work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, seminars, tutorials and practical/field work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment,
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Karen Glanz, Barbara K Rimer, Frances Marcus Leuns. Health Behaviour and Health
Education Theory, Research and Practice. 3rd Ed 2002.
3. Cottrell R.R, Givan J.T, McKenzie J. F. Principles and Foundations of Health Promotion and
Education. 2002. Boston: Allyn and Bacan
4. Green L. Behavioural Health: A Handbook of Health enhancement and Disease prevention.
New York: Wiley. 1986
5. Margaret Thorogood, Yalande Combes. Evaluating Health Promotion - Practice and methods
Oxford University Press, 2000.
6. WHO Education for Health. A manual on and Wealth Education in Primary Health Care.
7. Fruehling & Joan M. Locombe. Communicating for Results ; by Rosemary
8. Jane Naidoo & Jane Wills, Health Promotion: Foundations for Practice, 2nd Edition, 2003,
Elsevier Ltd, London
9. Keith Tones and Jackie green, Health Promotion; effectiveness, efficiency and equity, 2001,
Nelson Thornes Ltd, London
Course Facilitators
Mr. Lynn Atuyambe,
BA, MPH
31
Dr. Juliet Kiguli,
Dr. Elizabeth Nabiwemba
Dr. Robinah Najjemba
Ms. Imelda Zimbe
Dr. Christopher Orach-Garimoi
EHS 2108
BA, MA, PhD
MBChB, MMed
MBChB, MPH
B.Sc, PGD
MBChB, MMed, MPH, PhD
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (4 CU)
Course description: The course describes the principles of waste collection, segregation,
storage, transport, treatment and disposal and provides skills on how to manage solid wastes in
the community so as to prevent their associated diseases. It also covers national and international
policies and legislation relating to solid waste management.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Define solid waste and its management and related terminologies.
ii) Explain solid waste management as a problem in developing countries especially in the
East African Community, and its importance in environmental health management.
iii) Describe the categories, composition, sources and quantity of waste.
iv) Describe different methods of waste collection and segregation, storage, transport,
treatment and disposal.
v) Demonstrate ability to plan, implement and evaluate safe management of solid wastes
and the disposal of the dead.
vi) Explain to the communities benefits associated with proper management of refuse and
the disposal of the dead.
vii) Constructively participate in community solid waste management.
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction of solid waste, its management and related terminologies

Categories, composition, sources and quantity of solid waste, e-waste

Nuisances associated with indiscriminate disposal of solid waste and their prevention

Wastes Audits, analysis

Wastes storage, segregation, collection, treatment and disposal

Health hazards and hazardous waste management

Methods of disposal of the dead

Principles of waste minimization, recycling and reuse

Problems associated with improper management of refuse and the disposal of the dead
32

Solid waste management plan

Practical/field work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, seminars and practical/field work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%)
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Nadakavukavien. A; Man and Environment- A Health Perspective 3rd Edition
3. Ponofsky. H; “Earth’s endangered ozone” Environmental magazine , vol.20 No.3, 1978
4. Jackson H.H & Moris G. P. et al. Environmental Health; Reference book; Butterworths,
London. 1989.
5. Sandy Cairncross and Feachem Richard G; Environmental health- an introductory text; John
Wiley & sons, N.Y., 1982
6. Sandy Cairncross and Feachem Richard G; Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics
John Wiley & sons, N.Y., 2002
7. Salvato Joseph, Nemerow N. L. and Argady, F. J Environmental Engineering & Sanitation 5th
Ed; John Wiley & sons, 2003.
8. Nyang’echi, G. N. Management of Solid and Liquid Wastes. 1993
Course Facilitators
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi,
Mr. Richard Mugambe,
Mr. Stephen Tusingwire,
Mr. Allan Komaketch,
Mr. Peter Tumutegyereize
Mr. John B. Isunju
Mr. Abdullah Halage
BEHS, MSc
BEHS, MSc
BEHS
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng. Dipl
BSc Agric. Eng
BEHS, MSc
BEHS
EHS 2109 EXCRETA AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
(3 CU)
Course description: The course describes wastewater and excreta, their disposal, industrial
liquid waste and their disposal and health risks and diseases associated with poor management of
wastewater and excreta disposal. It also deals with relevant national and international policies
and regulations related to excreta and wastewater management.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Describe the sources, types, composition and characteristics of wastewater and sewage.
ii) Explain the principles, methods and importance of good drainage.
iii) Describe sources of wastewater and excreta material.
iv) Explain wastewater and excreta management as a problem in developing countries
especially in the East African Community.
33
v) Describe the basic principles in excreta and wastewater management.
vi) Describe the disposal facilities and treatment for wastewater and excreta.
vii) Demonstrate the ability to carry out sampling and analysis of wastewater and sewage.
viii)
Recognise problems related to excreta disposal.
Detailed Course Outline
 Terminologies used in wastewater and excreta management

Types, characteristics and sources of wastewater and excreta

Wastewater drainage systems

Analysis of wastewater and sewage and effluent standards

Sewer systems

Unit operations in wastewater treatment (Trickling filters, activated sludge units,
stabilization ponds, constructed wetlands

Industrial wastewater and safety measures

Legislation relating to drainage and wastewater management

Excreta and wastewater management in emergency situations

Design and construction of different types of sanitary latrines.

Principles of excreta disposal

Nuisances and health hazards from poor disposal of excreta

Field visits

Laboratory work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, laboratory work and field visits.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Nadakavukavien. A; Man and Environment- A Health Perspective 3rd Ed. Waveland Press
Inc.
3. Ponofsky. H; “Earth’s endangered ozone” Environmental magazine , vol.20 No.3, 1978
Jackson H.H & Moris G. P. et al. Environmental Health; Reference book; Butterworths, London.
1989.
4. Sandy Caircross & Feachem Richard G; Environmental health- an introductory text; John
Wiley & sons, N.Y., 1982
34
5. Sandy Cairncross and Feachem Richard G; Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics
John Wiley & sons, N.Y., 2002
6. Salvato Joseph, Environmental Engineering & Sanitation 4th Ed, John Wiley & sons 1992.
7. Blackman, W.C., Basic Hazardous Waste Management, 3rd Ed, Lewis Publishers, CRC Press,
Boca Raton, Fla., 2001.
8. White J. B. Wastewater Engineering Edward Arnold Publishers
9. Pruss A., Giroult E. and Rushbrook P. (eds) Safe Management of Wastes from health-care
activities. WHO
10. State of Environment Reports for Uganda - NEMA
Course Facilitators
Mr. Stephen Tusingwire,
BEHS
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi,
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Richard Mugambe,
BEHS, MSc
Dr. John Ssempebwa, BSc, MSc, PhD
Mr. Allan Komaketch,
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng. Dipl
Mr. Peter Tumutegyereize
BSc Agric. Eng
Mr. John B. Isunju
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Abdullah Halage
BEHS
EHS 2103
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (3 CU)
Course Description: The course describes sources and types of pollution and how they are
measured in the environment. It also deals with methods to prevent and control pollution
including application of relevant laws, rules and regulation.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Define terminologies in environmental pollution.
ii) Describe health problems related to environmental pollution
iii) Describe the sources and types of environmental pollution.
iv) Explain different techniques of measuring environmental pollution.
v) Explain the legislation concerning environmental pollution.
vi) Demonstrate ability to use appropriate equipment and techniques in the identification and
control of environmental pollution.
Detailed Course Outline
 Terminologies used in air, water, noise and soil pollution

Atmosphere: composition, atmospheric regions

Radiation balance. Human impact on the earth (green house effects)

Air Pollution: definition, sources of air pollution, major air pollutants, the effects
of air pollution, measurements of pollutants, air pollution of major health
importance
35

Noise Pollution: Sources of noise, noise as a nuisance, noise and hearing loss,
effects of noise on learning ability and work performance, safety aspects of noise,
sleep disruption, noise control efforts

Soil Pollution: Sources of soil pollution, major soil pollution, the effects of soil
pollution, soil pollution of major health importance, measurement of pollution,
soil pollution control

Toxicology: Risk assessment, polychlorinated biphenyl’s (PCBs), dioxins,
Asbestos, Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Chromium. Poisonous plants. Hazardous
materials and wastes

Radiation safety: Ionizing and non ionizing radiation, ultra violet radiation,
microwaves, Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation (ELFER)

Equipment used in air and soil pollution monitoring and management

Remediation of contaminated sites

Legislation related to pollution

Laboratory work

Field visits/work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, laboratory work and field visits.
Requirement:
A laboratory
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Nadakavukavien. A; Man and Environment- A Health Perspective 3rd Edition
3. Ponofsky. H; “Earth’s endangered ozone” Environmental magazine , vol.20 No.3, 1978
4. Jackson H.H & Moris G. P. et al. Environmental Health; Reference book; Butterworths,
London. 1989.
5. Sandy Caircross & Feachem Richard G; Environmental health- an introductory text; John
Wiley & sons, N.Y., 1982
6. Salvato Joseph, Environmental Engineering & Sanitation 4th edition; John Wiley & sons
1992.
7. Sandy Cairncross and Feachem Richard G; Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics
John Wiley & sons, N.Y., 2002
8. Salvato Joseph, Nemerow N. L. and Argady, F. JEnvironmental Engineering & Sanitation 5th
Ed; John Wiley & sons, 2003.
9. Timbrell, J.A. (1995). Introduction Toxicology. Taylor and Francis
10. Ballantyne, B., Marrs, T. and Turner, P. (1995). General and Applied Toxicology. Macmillan
11. Niesink, R.J.M., deVries, J. and Hollonger, M.A. (1996). Toxicology: Principles and
Application. CRS Press
12. Shaw, I.C. and Chandwick, J. (1998). Principles of Environmental Toxicology. Taylor and
Francis
36
Course Facilitators
Mr. Stephen Tusingwire,
BEHS
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi,
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Richard Mugambe,
BEHS, MSc
Dr. John Ssempebwa, BSc, MSc, PhD
Mr. Allan Komaketch,
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng. Dipl
Mr. Peter Tumutegyereize
BSc Agric. Eng
Mr. John B. Isunju
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Abdullah Halage
BEHS
EHS 2110
COMMUNITY HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT (3 CU)
Course description: The course covers descriptions of social structures, their organisation,
characteristics of healthy rural homesteads and issues related to community development.
Methods used to carry out a community diagnosis and strategies to promote community
development and improve environmental health are described. Also empowerment, practical and
strategic gender needs in development will be discussed.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Describe concepts of community, community development, gender, and engendering
ii) Describe procedure of carrying out community diagnosis.
iii) Describe the strategies and existing social structures for improving rural communities.
iv) Demonstrate ability to conduct community diagnosis.
v) Identify existing social structures of community development and recognize their
existence.
vi) Mobilize the community to promote their environmental health status.
viii) Equip the community with strategies to improve their well being.
Detailed Course Outline
 Concepts of community, development and gender

Community characteristics: structure, culture, social, political and economic factors,
language etc

Characteristics and importance of a healthy homestead

Community characteristics and environmental health problems

Community diagnosis, identification and prioritization of health
problems

Formulation of strategies and work plans with community participation and involvement
37

Different models of community approach e.g. PHAST (Participatory Hygiene and
Sanitation Transformation, T.O.F (Training of facilitators), PRA etc

Gender and development

Concept of empowerment and gender mainstreaming
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Barton, T. Sexuality and Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Annotated Bibliography. 1991
3. Training for Community – Based Health Care; (5curricula) MOH-Uganda et al. 1988
4. Osuga, B., Training in the Collection and Use of Information For CHWs.. 1988
5. Oranya, H. and E. Nordberg, Community – Based Health Information Systems. 1997
Course Facilitators
Mr. Lynn Atuyambe
Dr. Juliet Kiguli
Dr. Elizabeth Nabiwemba
Dr. Robinah Najjemba
Ms. Imelda Zimbe
Dr. Christopher Orach-Garimoi
Prof. John Kakitahi
EHS 2111
BA, MPH
BA, MA, PhD
MBChB, MMed
MBChB, MPH
B.Sc, PGD
MBChB, DPH, MMed, MPH, PhD
MBChB, DPH, D. Nutrition
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LAW (3 CU)
Course description: The course introduces the principles and describes the nature and role of
environmental health law in society, the different types of legal instruments and their
application.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Describe the laws, rules and bye-laws related to Environmental Health.
ii) Describe procedure of making and implementing laws, rules, acts and by-laws.
iii) Interpret national and international laws and regulations related to environment health.
iv) Demonstrate the ability to contribute to the making of environmental health laws, rules
and by-law.
v) Describe the role of other institutions in the enforcement of Environmental health law.
38
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction and terminologies commonly used in environmental health law.

Definition of terms commonly used in Environmental health law: Rules, Regulations,
By-laws, Decrees, Code of practice

Procedure in making and reviewing Acts, Rules, Bye-Laws and Decree.

The Public Health Act

Subsidiary Legislation made under the Public Health Act:

The Advisory Board of Health Rules,

The Public Health (Notifiable Disease) Rules,

The Public Health (Plague Control) Rules,

The Public Health (Control) of Yellow Fever Rules,

The Plague (Infected Areas) Rules,

The Prevention of Infectious Diseases (Requirements and conditions of entry)
order,

The Public Health (School Buildings) Rules,

The Drainage and Sanitation Rules, Plumbers and Drain Layers, Licenses Application of Rules Declaration,

The Building Rules (Buildings) exemption, The Grade 11. Building Rules,
Buildings,

The Public Health (Aerated Water and Ice) Rules,

The Public Health (bake house) Rules, The Public Health (Eating houses) Rules,

The Public Health (Sale of Milk and Milk Products) Rules, The Public Health
Licensing of Tradesmen Rules,

The Public Health (Meat) Rules, The Public Health (Condensed Milk) Rules)

The Public Health (Cemeteries and Burials) Rules, Appointment of Authorized
Cemeteries, Appointment of Authorized Crematoria,

The Public Health (Lodging house) Rules, The Public Health (Appeals) Rules.

The Food and Drugs act

The Urban Authorities Act, the Urban Authorities rules, The town and Country Planning
Act

The Occupational Health and Safety Act

Professional ethics

Uganda government standing orders
39
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, Seminars
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Wolf, S., White, A. and Stanley, N. (2002). Principles of Environmental Law. Cavendish.
London
3. Relevant legislation e.g. Public Health Act
4. Bassett W. H. and Davies F. G. (1981). Clay’s Handbook of Environmental Health.15th Ed.
London. H. K. Lewis and CO. Ltd
Course Facilitators
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi,
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Richard Mugambe,
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Paul Luyima
DEH, MEH
Personnel from Faculty of Law
EHS 2112
RESEARCH METHODS (3 CU)
Course description: Describes a framework for developing a research project proposal,
implement and evaluate research in various areas of environmental health and basic knowledge
of statistics and research techniques to carry out statistical analyses in environmental health
research. Methods and skills required to identify a specific environmental problem for research
and to demonstrate an ability to make valid judgments are discussed.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Define operational terms used in research.
ii) Explain different types of research.
iii)
Describe the components of a research proposal.
iv)Outline the structure of a research report
v) Identify and prioritize environmental health problems for research,
vi)Describe the process of designing and conducting research.
vii)
Describe ethics in conducting research.
viii)
Evaluate a range of research methods and select an appropriate one to use in a
project.
40
Detailed Course Outline
 Basic concepts and principles of research: types of research (action based, participatory)
(descriptive, analytical, empirical)

Steps of operational research

Identification and prioritization of environmental health research problems

Formulation of Research Problem statement

Formulation of hypothesis/research questions, Research instruments design

Research objectives formulation

Justification / rationale for the study

Methodology: study area, sampling, data collection tools data management, data analysis,
interpretation, report writing, dissemination of report, ethics in research (consent forms,
Ethical clearance procedure) Quality control and assurance, Budget

Literature review
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, seminars
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment: exams and assignments
(40%).
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions (60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. The student will need access to a software package that can do descriptive statistics,
graphics and basic hypothesis testing. The standard software package for the class will be
EPI-INFO, which is available on the machines in the MUSPH computer lab.
3. Chava Frankfork – Nachnian and David N. Research Methods in Social Science.
4. Kuzma Jan W. and Bohnenblust Stephen E. (2001) Basic Statistics for the Health
Sciences, 4th Ed. Mayfield Publishing Co.
Course Facilitators
Ass. Prof. Joseph Konde-Lule
Ass. Prof. Fred Wabwire-Mangen
Dr. David Ndungutse
Dr. David Guwatudde
Mr. David Odaka Mukanga
Dr. Sheba Nakacubo Giita
Ms Barbara Kirunda Tabusibwa
Dr. Roy Mayega
EHS 2207
MBChB, DPH, MSc
MBChB, DTM&H, MPH, PhD
MBChB, DPH, MSc
BStat, MSc, PhD
B. Pharm, MPH
BDS, MPH
BSc FST, MPH
MBChB, MPH
FOOD AND NUTRITION (3 CU)
41
Course description: The course describes the principles of food and nutrition security in the
promotion of health and prevention of malnutrition disorders resulting from either deficient or
over consumption of food in the community.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Classify various foods according to their nutritional value.
ii) Describe nutrition habits of the East African communities.
iii) Describe factors that may influence the nutritional status of the community.
iv) Explain problems and diseases related to poor nutrition.
v) Identify nutritionally vulnerable groups in the community and their nutrient
requirements.
vi) Demonstrate ability to initiate and manage community nutrition programmes
Detailed Course Outline


Definitions of food and nutrition security
Classification, composition and functions of foods, balanced diet

Structures and properties of macro and micro nutrients

Use of locally available food stuffs to balance diet

Factors affecting food and nutrition security

Food digestion, assimilation of food

Common nutritional disorders in East Africa

Techniques for assessing nutritional status of communities

Factors influencing nutritional status

Interventions to prevent and control nutritional disorders

National and international nutrition policies, codes and regulations

Practical work

Field work/visits
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, seminars, practical work and field visits.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment,
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
42
2. Burgess, A. et al., Community Nutrition for Eastern Africa. 1994
3. Annie Fredrick, Textbook of Food and Nutrition, Lotus Press. 2007
4. Hoorweg J. and Niemeijer, R, Intervention in Child Nutrition: Evaluation Studies in Kenya.
1990
Course Facilitators
Dr. Margaret Muganwa
Prof. John Kakitahi
Ms Barbara KirundaTabusibwa
Dr. Maina Wamuyu
Ms. Imelda Zimbe
Dr. Henry Wamani
EHS 2208
MBChB, MPH
MBChB, DPH, D. Nutrition
BSc FST, MPH
BSc, MSc, PhD
BSc, PGD
MBChB, MPH, PhD
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I (4 CU)
Course description: This course describes the criteria for choosing and preparing appropriate
building sites, basic surveying methods, and common equipment used in land surveying and
quantity surveying.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course the student, should be able to;
i)
Determine the criteria of choosing a suitable building site.
ii)
Interpret and evaluate building designs and drawings.
iii)
Undertake simple land surveying
iv)
Perform basic quantity surveys
v)
Prepare basic bills of quantities.
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction to Building Technology and terminologies commonly used

Basic features of a good building plan

Selection of construction sites and site clearing works

Purpose of land and quantitative surveying

Forms of land surveying (plane and geodetic, construction or
engineering, cadastral, topographical)

Common tools and equipment used in site clearance and surveying

Specifying and quantifying the materials required for different
construction works

Preparing a bill of quantity

Standard method of measurement for a simple building project

Practical/site or field visits
43
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, Practical/field work
Mode of Assessment:
- Continuous assessment, tests, field assignments
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Stern, P. et al.1990. Field engineering: An introduction to development work and construction
in rural areas. Intermediate technology publications.
3. McMullan, R., (2002). Environmental Science in Building. 5th Edition. Macmillan.
4. Allen Edward, Joseph Iano, Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods.
John Wiley & Sons Inc
5. Barry, B. A. Construction Measurements
6. Surveying Handbook, Edited by Russell C. Brinker and Roy Minnick, 1987.
Course Facilitators
Mr. Allan Komaketch
Mr. Mulamba Peter
Mr. Tumutegyereize Peter
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng. Dipl
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng, PhD
BSc Agric. Eng
Staff from Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Faculty of Technology
EHS 2209
FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT (4 CU)
Course description: The course deals with causes and type of food poisoning, preservation
methods to prevent food poisoning including safe hygiene practices and the role of HACCP in
producing safe food. It also describes inspection of food handling premises.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Explain the need for food preservation to ensure a safe product, prevent spoilage and
possible contamination.
ii) Describe the causes and control of food poisoning and food borne infections.
iii) Describe the nature and role of HACCP in preventing food contamination.
iv) Compare different quality systems and assess their usefulness for the food manufacturer
and food handler.
v) Describe the process of manufacturing, transformation, processing preservation and
storage of food and beverages in hygienic manner.
vi) Inspect premises for food and beverage manufacturing, transformation, processing,
preservation, storage and service.
vii) Demonstrate the ability to enforce legislation related to food and beverages
Detailed Course Outline
44

Different methods of food processing

Purpose and importance of flow sheet in food processing

Effects of processing and storage on food quality

Hygiene practice during processing, packaging and storage

Principles underlying food preservation

Basic concepts of food hygiene

International and national criteria for food hygiene

Food handling

Food premises requirements (location, design, etc)

Food hygiene education

Causes of food poisoning and food borne infections

Investigation and control of food poisoning outbreaks

Inspection of food premises. Layout and equipment of food premises, butcheries,
bakeries, bars, retail shops, markets stalls at fairs and festivals, movable shops

Risk Analysis

Practical

Field/site visits
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, seminars, tutorials, practical/field work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Clarence Eckles, Willes B. Combs & Harold. Milk and Milk Products.
3. Food Microbiology
4. Calow, P. (ed). (1998). Handbook of Environmental Risk Assessment and Management.
Blackwell Science
5. Paustenbach, D. (ed). (1989). The risk assessment of environmental and human health: a
textbook of case studies. Chichester, Wiley.
6. Juran, J.M. (1988). Quality control handbook.
7. Bryan, F. (1992). HACCP Evaluations, WHO.
8. Wilson, A. (1999). Practical Meat Inspection. (6th Edition), Blackwells
9. Clarence Eckles, Willes B. Milk and Meet products. Combs and Harold
10. Frazer, W.C. and Westhoff, D.C. 1988. Food Microbiology, 4th Ed. Mcgraw Hill, New York.
Course Facilitators
Dr. Margaret Muganwa
MBChB, MPH
45
Prof. John Kakitahi
Ms Barbara Kirunda Tabusibwa
Dr. Maina Wamuyu
Ms. Imelda Zimbe
Dr. Henry Wamani
EHS 2210
MBChB, DPH, D. Nutrition
BSc FST, MPH
BSc, PhD
BSc, PGD
MBChB, MPH, PhD
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (3 CU)
Course description: The course describes the process of identifying and evaluating the effects
of occupational hazards on health and how to critically evaluate the current strategies for the
identification, control and prevention of work-related ill health. It also describes how to maintain
a safe working environment.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course the student, should be able to:
i) Identify and evaluate the principal occupational diseases and conditions that impact
workers in the East African region.
ii) Discuss the role of employees and employers in the implementation of effective health
and safety management systems in the workplace.
iii) Explain the role of the EH practitioner and other key occupational health professionals in
the identification control and prevention of work-related ill health.
iv) Undertake risk assessment exercises in the workplace.
v) Develop and monitor effective control strategies for health hazards at work places.
vi) Undertake an effective inspection of premises under the current occupational health and
safety legislation and to produce a professional quality report, which identifies
contraventions and suggests appropriate practical remedies.
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction of basic concepts of occupational health and terminologies commonly
used

Physical and environmental aspects of workplaces, Sanitary conditions(Heating,
Lighting, Ventilation, guarding of machinery, electrical safety

Risk assessment

Aetiology of key occupational diseases and

conditions/occupational epidemiology
Noise pollution and control in the workplace

Agricultural hazards

Transport safety

Workplace inspections

Principles of prevention and control of occupational diseases/conditions
46

Development of positive health strategies in the workplace(Health related workplace
policies: HIV/AIDS, First Aid, PPE, fire hazard, infra structural design)

Disability assessment, mental health and work, rehabilitation, compensation

Workman’s Compensation

The function and role of an occupational health service;

employment standards
Legal framework relating to the identification, control and prevention of work-related ill
health

Occupational health & Safety related legislations

Gender mainstreaming in occupational settings

Practical work

Field/site visits
Mode of delivery:

Lectures, tutorials, seminars, practical/field work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
.
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Anton, T. J. (1989). Occupational safety and health management (2nd ed.). New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill, Inc.
3. Blake, R. P. (1963). Industrial safety (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.
4. Reese, C. D. (2001). Accident/incident prevention techniques. New York: Taylor & Francis,
Inc.
5. Slote, L. (1987). Handbook of occupational safety and health. New York, NY: John Wiley &
Sons.
Course Facilitators:
Dr. William Bazeyo
Dr. Esther Buregyeya
Dr. Juliet Babirye
Dr. John Ssempebwa
Dr. John Bosco Ddamulira
MBChB, MSc.
MBChB, MPhil
MBChB, MPH
BSc, MSc, PhD
MBChB, MPH
EHS 2211 INSTITUTIONS AND PUBLIC PLACES HEALTH MANAGEMENT (3 CU)
47
Course description: The course describes how to improve environmental hygiene of institutions
and public places through regular inspections, advocacy and where necessary use of relevant
rules and regulations.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course the student, should be able to;
i) Describe sanitary requirements for institutions and public places.
ii) Describe the procedures of inspecting institutions and public places to identify nuisances.
iii) Describe different interventions to abate identified nuisances.
iv) Explain the legislation governing institutions and public places especially international
health regulations.
v) Carry out procedures of clearing international travellers, vessels and cargo according to
the relevant regulations.
Detailed Course Outline
 Categories of public places/premises: Schools, Health facilities, Entertainment places,
Markets, Ports of entry, Barracks and prisons, Refugee and Internally displaced peoples
camps, Fishing and landing places, Work places, Caravan sites

Requirements for a public place/premise: criteria for choosing or improving building
sites, intervention/measures to improve hygiene of public places: Proper sightings, Waste
disposal and treatment

Regular inspection of institutions and public places

Diseases related to public places

Cultural values influencing sanitation in institutions and public places/premises

Quarantinable diseases

Rules and regulations governing sanitation in institutions and
public places

International Health Regulations

Ports of entry: procedures of clearing arrivals and departures,

infected or suspected ships and air crafts, infected or suspected travellers, unsound foods,
used clothing, Port sanitation, Powers and duties of Port Health Officer, Duties of health
Administration
Inspection of public places/premises

Practical/site or field visits
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, seminars, practical/field work.
48
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Guide to Health Promotion through Water and Sanitation; Nyamwaya, D. et. Al – 1994
3. Guidelines for the Management of Hospital Outpatient Services; Maneno, J. et. Al – 1984
Course Facilitators
Mr. Stephen Tusingwire,
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi,
Mr. Richard Mugambe,
EHS 2212
BEHS
BEHS, MSc
BEHS, MSc
URBAN AND RURAL WATER SUPPLY (4 CU)
Course description: The course describes methods used in ensuring quality supplies. It also
describes methods used in carrying out water sampling and testing and those used to determine
the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality of water. It also describes methods used in
water quality surveillance of water sources and methods of management of water sources so as
to prevent water associated diseases.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Describe sources and supply of water.
ii) Describe the techniques of water protection and improvement of water sources
iii) Describe the approaches of involving the community in the maintenance and operation of
water supply
iv) Explain various methods of water treatment.
v) Describe the procedure for bacteriological examination and chemical analysis of water
vi) Discuss the prevention and control of water related diseases
vii) Carry out water testing and interpret the results of water analysis for appropriate action
viii)
Identify appropriate technologies of safe water supply in given situations
ix) Demonstrate ability to design simple water projects
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction of water supply and common terminologies used

Importance and uses of water in life

Water cycle
49

Chemical, physical and microbiological characteristics of water

Design criteria and principle features of a water supply system

Sighting, design, construction, operation of wells and bores holes

Water source protection and improvement

Water treatment processes (clarification, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection,
distribution

Sources of water contamination

Water and Diseases

Water quality standards (national and international)

Appropriate methods of treatment of water: Home based, household water quality
management

Water examination, analysis and interpretation of results

Water pollution prevention and control

Laboratory work

Field work/visits
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, laboratory work and field visits.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Twort A. C., Law F. M. and Crowley F. W. and D. D. Ratnayaka Water Supply. (1993) 4th
Edition, Arnold Publishers.
3. Morgan Peter. Rural Water Supplies and Sanitation, A text from Zimbabwe’s Blair Research
Laboratory (1994). Macmillan Publishers
Course Facilitators
Mr. Stephen Tusingwire,
BEHS
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi,
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Richard Mugambe,
BEHS, MSc
Dr. John Ssempebwa, BSc, MSc, PhD
Mr. Allan Komaketch,
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng. Dipl
Mr. Peter Tumutegyereize
BSc Agric. Eng
Mr. John B. Isunju
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Abdullah Halage
BEHS
50
SEMESTER BREAK (Between 2nd and 3rd Year of study)
EHS 2301
FIELD TRAINING
(3 CU)
Description:
Students will undertake training in their respective home areas in an environmental health
related field. This training will give the student an opportunity to put to practice what is learnt in
class by having a hands-on experience in a work place setting. The training will last a period of
6 weeks.
Objectives:
By the end of this field training, the student should be able to:
i) Relate the knowledge and skills acquired in class to the practical aspects in the field.
ii) Identify specific environmental health problems in their communities.
iii) Participate constructively in solving environmental health problems within their home areas.
Mode of Assessment:
- Continuous assessment by field site supervisor
- Assessment mark of a Field report
(60%).
(40%).
EHS 3107
PROJECT WORK I (PROPOSAL DEVELOPMENT)
*(2 Credit Units carried to semester 2)
(*2 CU)
Course description: In this course the student puts in practice knowledge and skills gained in
the Research Methods course by developing a problem-solving research proposal, which will be
graded for a progressive mark of this course. The Project Work Report will be graded for a final
mark of this course. Selection of the study area is done under guidance of an academic
supervisor. The nature of the research could be either laboratory based or community based of
less than minimal risk to participants. The nature of the work should have minimal human
subjects’ participation and mainly concentrating on community improvement projects. Where
human participants shall be involved, the proposal will be reviewed by the MUSPH – IRB
(Higher Degrees, Research and Ethics Committee) and defended by the student prior to
proceeding for data collection.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Describe the components of a research proposal.
ii) Evaluate a range of research methods and select an appropriate one to use in a project.
iii) Identify and prioritize environmental health problems for research,
iv) Demonstrate ability to write a research proposal to investigate an environmental health
problem.
Detailed Course Outline
 Proposal development by the student with guidance from their supervisor.
Mode of delivery:
51

Lecturer / Supervisor –Student interaction

Independent proposal writing by student
Mode of Assessment
- A fully developed research proposal for continuous assessment
40%.
The final mark will be contributed by the Project Work Report written in Semester II.
Suggested Reading List
1. Proposals and Field reports in the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Chava Frankfork – Nachnian and David N. Research Methods in Social Science.
Course Facilitators
Ass. Prof. Joseph Konde-Lule
Ass. Prof. Fred Wabwire-Mangen
Dr. David Ndungutse
Dr. David Guwatudde
Mr. David Odaka Mukanga
Dr. Sheba Nakacubo Giita
Ms Barbara Kirunda Tabusibwa
Dr. Roy Mayega
EHS 3108
MBChB, DPH, MSc
MBChB, DTM&H, MPH, PhD
MBChB, DPH, MSc
BStat, MSc, PhD
B. Pharm, MPH
BDS, MPH
BSc FST, MPH
MBChB, MPH
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LEGISLATION (4 CU)
Course description: The course describes the process of enforcing environmental health law. It
includes the process of prosecuting defaulters in law relating to environmental health, how to
compile prosecution reports and present evidence to courts of law, tribunals and other public
meetings.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i)
Identify potential offences of environmental health legislation.
ii)
Plan investigations of possible infringements on environment and sanitation in
the community.
iii)
Describe the procedure followed in legal proceedings and prosecution
iv)
Compile prosecution reports.
v)
Provide written/oral advice or other enforcement actions.
vi)
Present evidence in Court, both as witnesses and advocate.
vii)
Demonstrate the ability to enforce legislation related to environmental health.
Detailed Course Outline
 Application of relevant legislation and procedures
in all areas of environmental health
 Public Health by-laws
52
 Drafting of Public Health by-laws
 Drafting and Service of Nuisance Notices
 Conducting interviews of both witnesses and defendants
 Court procedures of drafting charges
 Court prosecutions
 Court etiquette, Ethics, Equity and Human rights
 The International Health Regulations
 Practical
 Field work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, seminars, practical/ field work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Relevant legislation e.g. Public Health Act
3. Wolf, S., White, A. and Stanley, N. (2002). Principles of Environmental Law. Cavendish.
London
4. Bassett W. H. and Davies F. G. (1981). Clay’s Handbook of Environmental Health.15th Ed.
London. H. K. Lewis and CO. Ltd
Course Facilitators
Ms. Ruth Mubeezi,
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Richard Mugambe,
BEHS, MSc
Mr. Paul Luyima
DEH, MEH
Personnel from Faculty of Law
EHS 3101
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY II (3 CU)
Course description: The course describes the knowledge and skills required by the student to
know the required building materials and regulations and to be able to inspect, supervise and
give health promotion advice on construction, maintenance and repair of buildings and
drainages.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Explain different types of building materials.
53
ii) Compare the methods for protecting construction materials against aggressive situations.
iii) Master the techniques and notions for making building construction.
iv) Explain the procedure of submitting building plans to relevant authorities for approval.
v) Carry out systematic inspection of various stages of construction.
vi) Participate in the planning and construction of sanitary infrastructures.
Detailed Course Outline
 Introduction to Building Materials: types and methods of construction for timber, clay
products, metallic products, concrete. Properties, advantages and disadvantages of each
type of building material

Soils: soil composition and physical properties. Classification, properties and
foundations

Finishes: voids, ventilation, mosquito, fly etc proofing. Principles and rules governing
design and construction of stairs. Paint work-types of paint coats

Introduction to building design: conventions used in building, terminologies, drawing
instruments, material symbols, scales, specifications and drawing for simple buildings,
Planning of a homestead and an overview on selection of building sites

Building regulations: purpose of building, interpretation of building rules and
regulations, by-laws and code of practice, Public Health Act

Practical and demonstrations: making bricks and blocks, drawing plans, sections and
elevations

Scrutinising plans, carpentry practice, estimating and

costing building materials
Field visits: foundation, general steps in building construction, the scaffolds, damp
proofing, lumbering and shattering
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, seminars, practical/field work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Franklin & Andrews, SPON'S African Construction Costs Handbook, UK. Routledge
3. MidWest Plan Service (MWPS- 1).1997.Structures and Environmental Handbook, September
1997 Ninth edition. An Agricultural engineering program of 12 Universities serving Home
owners, farmers and industry. USDA Cooperating member.
4. Bengtsson, L.P. and J.H.Whitaker.1998. Farm structures in tropical climates. A textbook for
structural engineering and design.FAO/SIDA Cooperative Programme. Rural structures in East
Africa & South-East Africa.
5. Stern, P. et al.1990. Field engineering: An introduction to development work and construction
in rural areas. Intermediate technology publications.
6. McMullan, R., (2002). Environmental Science in Building. 5th Ed. Macmillan.
54
Course Facilitators
Mr. Allan Komaketch
Mr. Mulamba Peter
Mr. Tumutegyereize Peter
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng. Dipl
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng, PhD
BSc Agric. Eng
Staff from Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Faculty of Technology
EHS 3109
FOOD INSPECTION (4 CU)
Course description: Describes inspection of all types of foods and certify that they are fit for
human consumption and how to develop the ability to apply hazard analysis principles when
undertaking food hygiene Inspections.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Describe the anatomy, physiology and pathology of food animals.
ii) Describe the factors and conditions considered in the inspection of various types of food.
iii) Describe the process of carrying out regular inspection of foods.
iv) Explain the public health legislation and standards relating to food safety.
v) Judge the fitness for human consumption of different types of food.
vi) Identify public health and stored food products pests associated with commercial
premises.
vii) Explain the need for honesty and conscientiousness during food inspections
viii)
Understand the statutory procedures to be followed in key areas of food safety
enforcement.
Detailed Course Outline
 Anatomy and physiology of food animals

Introduction to meat inspection

Slaughterhouse practice: design of slaughterhouses, methods of
slaughter and transportation

Fish and fish products

Poultry and poultry products

Vegetables, cereals, pulse

Milk and milk products
55

Diseases of food animals

Food sampling and food analysis

Food quality control laws

Total food quality management: concepts and control programmes

Collaborating agencies in food quality control

Statutory duties and powers of authorized and inspecting officers

Statutory requirements of food quality legislation

The law relating to labelling and date marking of food.
Inspection techniques

Practical

Field work/site visits
Canning: Spoilage and
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, seminars, practical/field work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%)
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Everett Health and Olusanyo. Anatomy & Physiology of tropical livestock;
3. Wilson, A. (1999). Practical Meat Inspection. (6th Edition), Blackwells
4. Food Safety for Supervisors. Chartered Institute of Environmental Health. 1998
Course Facilitators
Prof. Opuda-Asibo
Dr. Clovice Kankya
Dr. Francis Ejobi
Ass. Prof. Nasinyama
Dr. Margaret Muganwa
EHS 3106
BVM, MPH, PhD
BVM, MSc, PhD
BVM, MVPH, PhD
BVM, MS, PhD
MBChB, MPH
TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING (3 CU)
Course description: Steps involved in town and country planning and orderly development of
human settlements and urban growth to enhance public health and the relationship to
environmental health.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i)
Explain steps involved in country and town planning.
ii)
Describe demographic factors which influence country and town planning.
56
iii)
Explain the laws related to country and town planning.
iv)
Explain the importance of town and rural master plans for health promotion.
v)
Evaluate and advise on issues in town and country planning.
Detailed Course Outline
 Planning: terminologies, importance, objectives, concepts and principles

Problems of town development

Planning process: types and levels of planning (local, regional, national etc), formulation
of planning visions and spatial concepts

Planning and design for the sensory experience of space, town centres, shopping centres,
departmental stores, industrial areas, recreation areas, residential neighbourhoods and
building types, markets, car parks, zoning

Site planning considerations: environmental factors, landscape, architectural, locational
and socio-economic-political and cultural factors

Forecasting techniques

Town and rural master plans for health promotion

Laws related to country and town planning

Evaluation of town and country plans

Field visits
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, Field visits
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Town and country planning laws for Uganda.
Course Facilitators
Mr. Fredrick Omolo-Okalebo
Mr. Emanuel Matua BEHS
EHS 3110
B. Urban Pl, MSc, PhD (candidate)
B. Urban Pl, Dipl, MSc
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH POLICY (3 CU)
57
Course description: The course describes the basic management principles including planning,
functions/roles of the manager, basic principles of human resource management, management of
financial and material resources and key health policies. It positions the student better to
participate in the management of environmental health programmes in a decentralized system of
governance.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Explain the steps of a planning process/cycle.
ii) Explain the management functions.
iii) Describe good financial management principles in environmental health programmes.
iv) Explain the relationship of environmental health officer with other professionals.
v) Describe functions and tasks involved in Human Resource management.
vi) Conduct needs assessment and prioritize environmental health problems.
vii) Explain the importance of key health policies in health promotion.
Detailed Course Outline
 Concepts, definitions, pillars and principles of Primary Health Care.

Health related policies (decentralization, SWAP)

Management theories and functions.

Planning: cycle/process, needs assessment, budgeting

Health information management systems.

Human resource management: concepts, definitions, functions and tasks, staff training.
obstacles, leadership. job descriptions, norms and standards, coordination of activities,
communication, meetings.

Introduction to costing and costing techniques

Financial management: principles related to management of an environmental health
programme.
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Boerma, T. (1991) Health Information for Primary Health Care.
3. Schluter, P. et al. (1992) Health Project Management Guide.
4. Kanani, S. et. (1984) Health Service Management
Course Facilitators
Dr. George William Pariyo
Dr. Sebastian Olikira Baine
MBChB, MSc, PhD
MBChB, DTM&H, MPH, PhD
58
Dr Fred Sengooba
Dr. Olico Okui
Dr. Christine Nalwadda
Dr. Elizabeth Ekirapa
Dr. Juliet Sekandi
Dr. Suzanne Kiwanuka
Dr. Elizeus Rutebemberwa
Dr. Virgil Onama
EHS 3201
MBChB, MPH
MBChB, DPH, MSc
BDS, MPH
MBChB, MPH, MPH (HE)
MBChB, MS
BDS, PhD
BA,B.Th, MBChB, MPH,DTM
MBChB, MSc
PROJECT WORK II (REPORT WRITING)
(3 CU)
Course description: In this course, the student puts in practice knowledge gained in the
Research Methods course and implements the proposal developed in the previous semester. The
student pre-tests the research instrument, collects and analyzes data, and suggests a strategy for
communication of the research findings through preparation of a project report. The student is
expected to choose and organize sites/work places where they conduct their research.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Pre-test research instruments.
ii) Demonstrate ability to collect data from the field.
iii) Demonstrate ability to analyze data using appropriate statistical techniques.
iv) Make valid conclusions and recommendations based on the research conducted.
v) Write a research report.
Detailed Course Outline
 Individual students work: Data collection, analysis, and Report writing.
Mode of delivery:
 Independent data collection by student in field

Lecturer / Supervisor –Student interaction
Mode of Assessment
- Assessment of the final research report
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Proposals and Field reports in the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Chava Frankfork – Nachnian and David N. Research Methods in Social Science.
3. Kuzma Jan W. and Bohnenblust Stephen E. (2001) Basic Statistics for the Health
Sciences, 4th Ed. Mayfield Publishing Co.
Course Facilitators
All MUSPH academic staff to be engaged in supervision.
59
EHS 3209
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY III (3 CU)
Course description: A description of building techniques, technology and materials and
methods of inspecting, supervising and provision of appropriate advice on parameters that
influence comfort in buildings, and the construction processes is given.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course the student should be able to:
i) Describe factors that affect comfort in building construction.
ii) Explain the need for positioning of buildings.
iii) Recommend the acoustic and illumination requirements of buildings.
iv) Explain the need for safety in building construction.
Detailed Course Outline
 Acoustics and illumination and how they affect audio, thermal and visual comfort in
designed spaces

Audio Comfort: Source of sound and noise. Properties and behaviour of sound, Sound
and noise and how they relate to the ear, Sound reduction and insulation

Thermal comfort. Objective factors: humidity, temperature, air movement, solar
radiation. Subjective factors: skin or body temperature, means of control, building
design, macro- and micro-climate means. Heating and ventilation systems.

Visual comfort: Properties and behaviour of light, light anulation, glare. Visual
performance and illumination. Duration of visual task, day lighting, control through
positioning of buildings, opening in relation to room sizes etc. Artificial general lighting.
Principles of natural and artificial lighting. Common problem with lighting, e.g. glare,
eye-strain

Safety in building construction (e.g. universal access, stairs, ramps, windows, building
surroundings)

Practical/ site visits
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, practical/field work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. McMullan, R., (2002). Environmental Science in Building. 5th Ed. Macmillan.
3. Riley, M and Cotgrave, A. (2005). The Technology of Refurbishment and Maintenance
4. Low Cost Housing in Developing Countries; by Mathur
60
Course Facilitators
Mr. Allan Komaketch
Mr. Mulamba Peter
Mr. Tumutegyereize Peter
EHS 3210
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng. Dipl
BSc Agric. Eng, MSc Eng, PhD
BSc Agric. Eng
MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES
(3 CU)
Course description: The course elucidates the principles of public health emergency
management and how to effectively participate in preparedness including prevention and
mitigation and response interventions to public health emergencies.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Explain the different types of public health emergencies.
ii) Identify and categorise the causes of disasters i.e. natural and manmade or technological.
iii) Describe interventions to be taken during the various phases i.e. before, during and after
an emergency.
iv) Collect, process and disseminate data relating to public health emergencies.
v) Demonstrate the ability to liaise with different partners in the containment of public
health emergencies.
vi) Prepare emergency preparedness plans
Detailed Course Outline
 Terminologies used in public health emergency management

Concepts of disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management

Causes of disasters i.e. natural and manmade or technological e.g. floods, droughts,
conflicts, fires, earthquakes, hazardous materials accidents, terrorism

Disaster preparedness and mitigation

Disaster response: mobilisation of appropriate resources (personnel, food, drugs, shelter,
equipment, transport and sanitation facilities)

Hazards and vulnerability analysis

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Field visits/work
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, seminars, practical/field work.
Mode of Assessment
61
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. War and Public Health. ICRC 1996
3. Refugee Health. An approach in emergency response, MSF 1997
4. Clorke, J. I., Peter Curson S. L. Kayartha and Nay P. Population and disaster.
Course Facilitators
Dr. Christopher Orach-Garimoi
Prof. David Serwadda
Prof. Fred Wabwire-Mangen
Dr. William Bazeyo
Dr. Juliet Kiguli
Dr. Roy Mayega
EHS 3211
MBChB, DPH, MMed, MPH, PhD
MBChB, MMed, MSc, MPH
MBChB, DTM&H, MPH, PhD
MBChB, MMed
BA, MA, PhD
MBChB, MPH
LEADERSHIP IN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH (2 CU)
Aim
i) To improve the leadership skills of students graduating from the Bachelor of Environmental
Health Science programme.
ii) To improve the delivery of environmental health services to communities.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Apply factors which motivate people to perform their duties
ii) Decide when, how, why and whom to delegate authority and responsibility
iii) Choose the style of supervision that suits the team and working environment
iv) Appreciate the role of leadership qualities and political involvement in promoting
environmental health.
Course Outline
Teambuilding; setting objectives; motivating team members; delegating authority and
responsibility; strategic leadership practice; and using different styles of supervision.
Assessment
- Individual assignments for progressive assessment
- Final exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions.
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2. Kotter John P. Leading Change. (1996) Harvard Business School Press.
Course Facilitators
Dr. George William Pariyo
MBChB, MSc, PhD
62
Dr. Olico Okui
Dr. Sebastian Olikira Baine
Dr Fred Sengooba
Dr. Juliet N. Sekandi
Dr. William Bazeyo
Dr. Juliet Babirye
Dr. Christine Nalwadda
Dr. Elizabeth Ekirapa
Dr. Suzanne Kiwanuka
Dr. Elizeus Rutebemberwa
EHS 3212
MBChB, DPH, MSc
MBChB, DTM&H, MPH, PhD
MBChB, MPH
MBChB, MS
MBChB, MSc.
MBChB, MPH
BDS, MPH
MBChB, MPH, MPH (HE)
BDS, PhD
BA, B.Th, MBChB, MPH, DTM
TRADITIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE (3 CU)
Course description: This course describes concepts and terminologies used in traditional and
complementary medicine, information to promote personal hygiene and sanitation among other
informal practitioners and collaboration between traditional and complementary medicine
practitioners and formal health workers.
Course Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should be able to:
i) Categorize the traditional and complementary medicine practitioners (TCMPs).
ii) Describe the basic principles of treating patients and role of culture in traditional and
complementary medicine.
iii) Explain the common conditions and diseases dealt with by TCMPs in the East African
communities.
iv) Discuss the importance of hygiene in traditional and complementary medicine.
v) Explain the guidelines and regulations governing the practices of TCMPs.
vi) Advise TCMPs on hygienic practices pertaining to their service provision.
Detailed Course Outline
 Basic principles in traditional and complementary medicine

Categories of TCMPs

Common conditions and diseases dealt with by TCMPs

Forms of treatment used by TCMPs

Importance of hygiene and sanitation in traditional and complementary
medicine

Relationship with "conventional" medicine

Role of belief in the use of traditional and complementary medicine
(religion, culture)
63

Public-private partnership for health for TCMPs (policies,
guidelines)

Field work/visits
Mode of delivery:
 Lectures, tutorials, seminars, practical/field work.
Mode of Assessment
- Continuous assessment
- End of semester exam: MCQ’s, short answer and long assay questions
(40%).
(60%).
Suggested Reading List
1. Lecture handouts and additional materials on reserve at the MUSPH Resource Centre.
2.
omplementary and Alternative Therapies edited by Donald W. Novey, Mosby, Inc. 2000
3. Essentials of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, edited by Wayne B. Jonas and
Jeffrey S. Levin, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore. 1999.
4. Integrative Medicine: Principles for Practice edited by Benjamin Kligler, Roberta A. Lee,
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York, NY. 2004
5. Complementary and Alternative Medicine: An Evidence-Based Approach edited by John W.
Spencer and Joseph J. Jacobs, Mosby Inc. 1999.
Course Facilitators
Dr. Christine Nalwadda
Dr. Juliet Kiguli
Mr. Sam Ibanda
Mr. Abdullah Halage
Dr. Elizabeth Nabiwemba
Dr. Robinah Najjemba
Ms. Imelda Zimbe
Dr. Grace Nambatya
BDS, MPH
BA, MA, PhD
BA, MA
BEHS
MBChB, MMed
MBChB, MPH
BSc. PGD
BSc, MSc, PhD
64
APPENDIX A1: MUSPH Staff
NAMES
1. Prof. D. Serwadda
2. Prof. J. T. Kakitahi
3. Prof. Fred Wabwire- Mangen
4. Prof. J. Konde Lule
5. Dr. D. Ndungutse
POSITION
Associate Professor
,,
,,
,,
6. Dr George William Pariyo
7. Dr Nuwaha Fred
8. Dr. Fredrick E. Makumbi
9. Mr. M Oryema-Lalobo
10. Dr. W. Bazeyo
11. Dr. David Guwatudde
12. Dr. Olico-Okui
13. Dr. Sebastian O. Baine
14. Dr. M Muganwa-Kamya
15. Dr Maina Wamuyu
16. Dr. J. C. Ssempebwa
17. Dr. N. Mbona Tumwesigye
18. Dr. Christopher OrachGarimoi
19. Dr. Juliet Kiguli
20. Dr. Danstan Bagenda
21. Dr. Henry Wamani
22. Mr. Lynn Atuyambe
23. Mr. Simon Kasasa
24. Dr. Robinah Najjemba
25. Dr. Elizabeth Nabiwemba
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Research Methodology
Nutrition
Epidemiology, Research Methodology
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
QUALIFICATIONS
MBChB, MSc, M.Med, MPH
MBChB, DPH, D.Nutrition
MBChB, DTM&H, MPH, PhD
MBChB, DPH, MSc.
MBChB, DPH, MSc
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
Lecturer
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
Health Systems Management
Disease Control
Biostatistics
MBChB, MSc. PhD
MBChB, MPH, PhD
B.Stat, MHS, PhD
Entomology / Parasitology
Occupational Health and Safety
BSc, MPH
MBChB, DPH, MSc.
Epidemiology & Biostatistics
Health Policy & PHC
Health Care Financing
BSc, MSc, PhD
MBChB, DPH, MSc
Environmental Health & Food Hygiene
Nutrition
Environmental Toxicology
Biostatistics
Public Health Emergencies
MBChB, DTM & H, MPH, PhD
MBChB, MPH
B.Ed, MSc, PhD
BSc, MSc, PhD
BStat, MSc, MA, PhD
MBChB, DPH, M.Med, MPH, PhD
,,
,,
,,
Assistant Lecturer
,,
,,
,,
Behavioural sciences
BA., MA., PhD
Biostatistics / Demography
Nutrition
Sociology
Biostatistics
Maternal and Child Health
Maternal and Child Health
BStat, M.Med, PhD
Senior Lecturer
MBChB, MPH, PhD
B.A, MPH, PhD
BStat, MS
MBChB, MPH
MBChB, M.Med. PH
65
26. Dr. Sheba Nakacubo Gitta
27. Dr. Roy William Mayega
28. Dr. Juliet Nabbuye Sekandi
29. Mr. David Mukanga
30. Dr. Esther Buregyeya
31. Dr Freddie Ssengooba
32. Dr. Babirye Juliet
33. Mr. Francis Muwonge
34. Ms. Barbara K. Tabusibwa
35. John Bosco Ddamulira
36. Mr. Stephen Tusingwire
37. Mr. Ali Halage
38. Dr. Elizabeth Ekirapa
39. Dr. Christine Nalwadda
40. Dr. Suzanne Kiwanuka
41. Dr. Elizeus Rutebemberwa
42. Dr. Virgil Onama
43. Dr. C. Zirabamuzaale
44. Dr. Florence Baingana
45. Ms. Ruth Mubeezi
46. Mr. Richard Mugambe
47. Mr. Lukwago Luswa
48. Mr. John B. Isunju
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
Teaching Assistant
,,
Research Fellow
,,
,,
,,
,,
Honorary Lecturer
,,
,,
,,
,,
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
Epidemiology
BDS, MPH
MBChB, MPH
MBChB, MS
Epidemiology
Occupational Health and Safety
Health Care Financing
Disease Control
Biostatistics
Epidemiology
Disease Control
Environmental Health
Environmental Health
Health Economics
BPharm, MPH
MBChB, MPhil
MBChB, MPH
MBChB, MPH
BStat, MSc
Bsc FST, MPH
MBChB, MPH
BEHS
BEHS
MBChB, MPH,
Health Systems Management
Health Systems Management
Health Systems Management
Health Systems Management
BDS, MPH
BDS, PhD
BA., B.Th, MBChB, MPH, DTM, PhD
MBChB, MSc
Population & Family Health
Disease Control
Environmental Health
Environmental Health
Disease Surveillance
Environmental Health
MBChB, DPH, MPH
MBChB, MMed
BEHS, Msc. Env.Sc
BEHS, Msc. Env.Sc
Bsc, MPH
BEHS, MIWRM
66
APPENDIX A2: Staff from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
NAMES
1. Prof. Opuda-Asibo
2. Dr. Clovice Kankya
3. Dr. Francis Ejobi
POSITION
Professor
Assistant Lecturer
Senior Lecturer
4. Dr. George W. Nasinyama
Associate Professor
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Environmental Health
Food safety, zoonoses
Risk analysis, Food safety,
zoonoses
Food safety, infectious disease
epidemiology, zoonoses
QUALIFICATIONS
BVM, MPH, PhD
BVM, MSc, PhD
BVM, MVPH, PhD
BVM, MS, PhD
APPENDIX A3: Staff from Faculty of Agriculture
NAMES
1. Mr. Allan Komaketch
2. Mr. Peter Tumutegyereize
APPENDIX A4:
POSITION
Assistant Lecturer
Assistant Lecturer
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Civil and Water engineering
Civil and Water engineering
QUALIFICATIONS
BSc. Eng, MSc. Eng
BSc. Eng, MSc(Water Res. Eng)
Staff from Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources
NAMES
1. Dr. Kateyo
2. Prof. Frank Kansiime
POSITION
Senior Lecturer
Senior Lecturer
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Environment & Natural Resources
Environment & Natural Resources
QUALIFICATIONS
BSc, MSc, PhD
BSc, MSc, PhD
67
APPENDIX A5: Staff from Faculty of Technology
NAMES
1. Mr. Kalibbala Herbert Mpagi
POSITION
Assistant Lecturer
2. Mr. Peter Mulamba
3. Mr. Omolo-Okalebo
4. Mr.Charles B. Niwagaba
Assistant Lecturer
Assistant Lecturer
Assistant Lecturer
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Water Supply, Quality
Management and pollution control
Water Engineering
Urban Planning
Solid waste and wastewater
management.
QUALIFICATIONS
BSc. Civil Eng., MSc. Civil Engineering
BSc Eng, MSc, PhD
BA, MA (Urban Planning)
BSc. Civil Eng, MSc. Eng (Environmental)
APPENDIX A6: Staff from Ministry of Health
NAMES
1. Ms. Julian Kyomuhangi
2. Mr. Paul Luyima
3. Dr. Friday Agaba
POSITION
Principal Health Inspector
Asst. Commissioner (Env. Health)
Principal Medical Officer
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Environmental Health
Environmental Health
Occupational Health
QUALIFICATIONS
DEH, MSc
DEH, MSc
MBChB, MSc
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Environmental Health
Environmental Health
Environmental Health
Environmental Health
QUALIFICATIONS
Dipl. EH, BEHS, Cert.
MBChB, MPH
Dipl. EH, BEHS,
Dipl. EH, BEHS
APPENDIX A7: Staff from Kampala City Council
NAMES
1. Mr. David Semwanga
2. Dr. Makanga
3. Ms. Namuteesi
4. Mr. Mohamed Kirumira
POSITION
Health Inspector
Principal Health Inspector
Health Inspector
Principal Health Inspector
68
APPENDIX A8: Staff from Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development
NAMES
1. Ms. Barbara Khayongo
POSITION
Occupational Health and Safety officer
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Occupational Health
2. Ms. Nuwamanya Winnie
Muhwezi
Occupational Hygienist
Occupational and Industrial
Hygiene
QUALIFICATIONS
BEHS, Dipl (Industrial
Hygiene)
BSc., MSc
APPENDIX A9: Staff from National Environment Management Authority
NAMES
1. Ms. Lynda Biribonwa
2. Ms. Margaret Lwanga
3. Mr. Herbert Nabasa
POSITION
Registrar, CEH
Coordinator
Coordinator
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environment Management
Environment Management
QUALIFICATIONS
BSc, MSc.
BSc, MSc
BEHS, MPH
APPENDIX A10: Staff from National Water and Sewerage Corporation
NAMES
1. Mr. Stephen Tumwebaze
POSITION
Senior Laboratory Technician
AREA OF SPECIALIZATION
Water treatment systems
QUALIFICATIONS
69
APPENDIX B:
PROGRAMME BUDGET PROPOSAL 2008/09
Number of students
It is proposed that a reduction in the number of students admitted to the programme be made
from an average of 55 and 60, to 40 students. The proposed reduction in admission will
enable the students fit well with the available lecture rooms, laboratory space, and equipment,
and therefore optimally meet the teaching and learning requirements and needs of the
programme.
Tuition fees
The Bachelor of Environmental Health Science is a three year, semesterized programme.
Each academic year consists of 2 semesters. The proposed tuition fees per student per
semester is UG Shs.900,000 per student. For the 6 semesters in a 3 year period each student
will be required to pay a total of 900,000 x 6 semesters = UG. Shs. 5,400,000
For the 40 students in three years, the total revenue generated will be:
5,400,000 x 40 = UG. Shs. 216,000,000In order for the course to be viable, the first 10 students shall be Government sponsored and
the other 30 shall be privately sponsored. The programme will look around for more funding
from other sources, especially for capital investment since funds generated from tuition may
not cover all the necessary costs.
Revenue to be generated
Year
No of Students
Amt per student/year
Total
Year I
40
2 x 900,000
72,000,000
Year II
40
2 x 900,000
72,000,000
Year III
40
2 x 900,000
72,000,000
Total
216,000,000
Each student will be required to pay a total of UG Shs. 5,400,000 over a period of three years
in order to complete the degree programme.
70
SUMMARY OF THE EXPENDITURES
Category / Line Item
Percentage
Budget Amount
1. Administration
20 %
43,200,000
2. Deans Office MUSPH
10 %
21,600,000
4. Programme costs
70 %
151,200,000
a) Non Teaching staff/ administration
b) Teaching staff
Facilitation allowance per CH: 1770CH x 25,000
c) Other logistics
Total expenditure for programme costs
Net balance (151,200,000 – 150,030,000)
29,520,000
44,250,000
76,260,000
150,030,000
1,170,000
71
DETAILS OF EXPENDITURES OF FUNDS TO BE GENERATED
A total of UG Shs. 216,000,000 that will be generated over a period of three academic years
shall be spent as indicated below:
Line Item
Percentage
Amount (3 years)
Administration
20
43,200,000
Deans Office MUSPH
10
21,600,000
Programme costs
70
151,200,000
Details
Non Teaching Staff/Administration
Staff category
Rate/month
Programme Coordinator
Head of Department DC&EH
Department Secretary
Technicians
Driver
Total
200,000
250,000
120,000
150,000
100,000
Total amount
(36 months)
7,200,000
9,000,000
4,320,000
5,400,000
3,600,000
29,520,000
72
Teaching Staff
Since the programme is already established with staff earning a small salary, the personnel
involved in the teaching shall receive top up allowance as indicated below. The lecturers shall
be paid a total sum of UG. Shs. 25,000 per contact hour.
The details are as indicated below:
Contact Hours
Year I
Semester I
315 Hrs
Year I
Semester II
285 Hrs
Year II
Semester I
315 Hrs
Year II
Semester II
315 Hrs
Year III
Semester I
300 Hrs
Year III:
Semester II
240 Hrs
Total
1770 Hrs
Amount
7,875,000
7,125,000
7,875,000
7,875,000
7,500,000
6,000,000
44,250,000
Other Logistics
Line Item
Amount
Equipment and supplies
20,000,000
Field studies
6,600,000
Field Work supervision
8,000,000
Books
3, 080,000
Vehicle purchase and maintenance
38,580,000
Total
76,260,000
73
Details of Transport and Vehicle maintenance
The programme plans to acquire a vehicle (Minibus) for the day to day running of activities.
These activities involve the transportation of students for field visits and projects. Details of
the cost, recurrent costs to maintain and run the vehicles are as indicated below:
Item / Activity
Unit cost
Vehicle Purchase (partial contribution) 30,000,000
Total (3 yrs)
30,000,000
Running cost / Month
100,000
3,600,000
Service (3 times a year)
120,000
1,080,000
Replacement of tyres (once a year)
150,000
1,200,000
Maintenance/year
900,000
2,700,000
Total
38,580,000
74