Table of Contents
Preface
2
Site Plans
3
Convent Square
5
Crowley Street
18
Manhattan Drive
24
North Avenue
25
Voltz Street
52
Washington Street
53
Bibliography
62
Preface
Acknowledgments are due first to the Special Collections Department in Bailey-Howe
Library at the University of Vermont. The staff there was more than helpful, and this
project could not have begun without that collection. Also, many thanks to my fellow
classmates for answering the numerous questions that arose and providing needed
support. In particular, special recognition goes out to Sara Gredler for providing digital
copies of the Burlington City Directories. This proved to save countless hours over the
course of historical research.
The area outlined in this paper has not been covered in any previous Researching Historic
Structure and Sites class. There were no prior maps showing this section of Burlington,
and numbered street addresses were not common. This has made it impossible to prove
beyond all doubt that specific individuals occupied houses, however, certain ties do
emerge.
In estimating the date of construction for the structures contained within this report, the
date proposed in most cases signifies a date between Burlington City Directories. If a
person was seen at one address in a Directory, and then at another address in the
subsequent Directory, it is assumed that the building was built in the interim. This area
of Burlington was beginning to be developed at this time, so while it is possible that the
houses in this section could be older than the dates presented, it is assumed the names
traced from the 1890 Hopkins map are the original occupants.
North Avenue served as the major road that connected the City of Burlington to the
outlying northern farmlands. This corridor experienced a period of rapid growth as
Burlington grew, aided in no small part by the completion of a trolley line to this area in
1888. Immigrant workers poured into Burlington to work in the prosperous lumberyards
and factories lining the waterfront. These French Canadians, Irish, and Germans soon
founded small ethnic neighborhoods along the side streets of North Avenue.1
During the time period covered in the following pages, both what is now Manhattan
Drive and Washington Street were known as North Bend.
1
Karen Czaikowski, Historic Sites and Structures Survey, North Burlington (VT: Vermont Division for
Historic Preservation, 1983).
2
Site Plans
3
4
Convent Square
8 Convent Square
This three-by-two bay gable-front structure is unusual in that it still retains clapboards as
wall covering. The doorway is located on the western bay of the front façade, and a
small hood over it is supported by slender decorative brackets. An enclosed shed-roofed
addition on the rear of the western wall houses another entrance. The roof has been
replaced; however, there are still two-over-two double-hung sash windows present on the
house.
P. Durant is listed at this property on the 1890 Hopkins map.1 Peter Durant (also spelled
Durand) is first shown as living on Convent Square in the 1886-87 Directory, so a date of
1886 can be used as an approximate date of construction. Described as a dockman and a
laborer, Durant was never listed in the Burlington City Directories with any formal
employer, like many residents of this area.2 This seems to be a reflection on the fluidity
of the immigrant community centered on Convent Square during the 1880s.
1
G. M. Hopkins, C.E., Map of the City of Burlington Vermont From official Records, Private plans and
Actual Surveys (Philadelphia: Hopkins, 1890).
2
Burlington City Directory, 1881-83; 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
5
9 Convent Square
This three-by-three bay, one-and-one-half story gable-front house still retains both
clapboards and a slate roof. The rear bay is a later addition, and the porch probably is as
well. The windows present on this structure are one-over-one double-hung sash. This
vernacular structure has slight traces of Greek Revival detailing in the small pediments
above the windows on the front façade.
Moses Durand (also spelled Durant) first appears in the Burlington City Directories in
1886-87, and is listed as a dockman and then, in the subsequent Directory, as a laborer.
Both the 1889-90 and 1890 Directories state his employer as Elias Lyman and Company,
a coal dealer.1 An approximate date of construction for this structure is 1885.
1
Burlington City Directory, 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
6
14 Convent Square
As it stands now, this is a two-by-four bay, one-and-one-half story, gable-front and wing
house. The rear wing is a later addition, as just the front two-by-two bay footprint is
show on the 1890 Hopkins map.1 The side entry porch and the shed wall dormer that
breaks the eave line are also later modifications. The windows on the front are set
between false shutters, and are a mix of two-over-two and two-over-one double-hung
sash.
Mrs. E. Porter is shown on the 1890 Hopkins map at this address.2 Mrs. Eliza L. Porter is
listed at living on Convent Square in the 1889-90 and the 1890 Directory. She is said to
be the widow of Henry H. Porter, but no information was found regarding him.3 1889
can be used as a rough date of construction.
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
Ibid.
3
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
2
7
16 Convent Square
Probably a three-by-two bay house, the enclosed porch on the front of this home makes
the number of bays hard to calculate. One of very few houses in the area to retain
clapboards as a wall covering, this structure has been modified since 1978, incorporating
a flat-roofed addition on the western side.1 A gabled wall dormer protrudes through the
eave line on the second floor of this new space. The windows are one-over-one, doublehung sash, and with the windows located on the enclosed porch being markedly larger
than those on the main block of the house.
Eugene F. Gary, a messenger for the Burlington Messenger Company located at 78
Church Street, was residing on Convent Square at the time of the 1889-90 Directory. The
following year, Mrs. Mary F. Gary appears as being employed at 36 Clark. The 1890
Hopkins map makes no mention of Eugene, but lists Mrs. M. Garry at this property.2
Using this information about the Gary family’s arrival at Convent Square, 16 Convent
Square was built in approximately 1888.
1
2
1978 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Burlington, Vermont.
Burlington City Directory, 1889-90; 1890; 1890 Hopkins Map.
8
17 Convent Square
This one-and-one-half story, two-by-five bay house has all modern windows. The
windows appear to be almost all one-over-one double-hung sash. Other changes to the
original structure include the enclosed room at the front of the house which was once a
porch, the gabled wall dormers and the side entry door. There was a porch on the front of
the house in 1978, but it has since been enclosed.1
The 1890 Hopkins map reveals F. Buchner as somehow tied to this address.2 In that
same year, and in the year preceding, the Burlington City Directories state Fred Buchner
was a laborer living on Convent Square.3 Therefore, 1889 is a rough date for when the
building was constructed.
1
1978 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map.
1890 Hopkins Map.
3
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
2
9
30 Convent Square
This two-by-five bay house has been lengthened considerably as a result of a large crossgabled addition to the main block. A shed-roofed porch extends the width of the front
façade. Siding and new roofing material are further alterations from its original design.
The 1890 Hopkins map shows this house as linked to a “Francis”.1 The Burlington City
Directories state that George Francis moved sometime between the 1888-89 Directory
and the 1889-90 Directory. In the former, he is listed as a laborer living on King Street,
and in the latter, he has found his way to Convent Square. Therefore, 1889 serves as an
appropriate date of construction for this house.
1
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1890 Hopkins Map.
10
32 Convent Square
This one-by-three bay structure shows extensive modification to a typical building type.
A large cross-gabled addition on the rear doubles the size of the house. The front of the
house, according to the 1978 Sanborn map, once had a porch.1 This has since been
enclosed to provide increased interior floor space. Windows on this house are one-overone double-hung sash windows, except for the center bay window, which is one large
pane.
The Burlington City Directories tell that William Francis moved to Convent Square
sometime between the 1886-87 and the 1888-89 Directories. This would indicate a
construction date of approximately 1887. He is listed as being a shoemaker having his
own business located at 185 South Battery Street.2 The 1890 Hopkins map indicates a
“Francis” was associated with this house at the time the map was made.3
1
1978 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
3
1890 Hopkins Map.
2
11
35-1 Convent Square
This one-by-three bay structure, like some of its neighbors, has undergone a rear crossgable addition. A porch wraps around the protruding front section. The windows are
one-over-one double-hung sash windows, set in wooden frames. The door has three
panels and a large glass section. A section of transom lights cap the doorway. Other
alterations to the original building are the replacement of the roof material and the
addition of siding.
The 1890 Hopkins map associates W. Betts with this property, but no further information
was found regarding occupants.1
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
12
36 Convent Square
A large bay window is centered on the first floor of the main façade on this two-by-three
bay gable-front house. The remaining windows are one-over-one double-hung sash
windows, and the building sits on a stone foundation. The enclosed side entrance is most
likely a later addition, as is the bay window mentioned above.
In the 1886-87 Directory, Charles Cameron first appears and is listed as working at the
Central Vermont Railroad and having a home on Convent Square. He later changes
employers and works for Shepard and Morse Lumber Company.1 C. Cameron is shown
here on the 1890 Hopkins map.2 With this information, an approximate date of
construction of 1885 becomes clear.
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
1890 Hopkins Map.
13
39 Convent Square
This two-and-one-half story, three-by-two bay gable-front and wing house shows the
influence of Shingle style architecture in the shingles placed in the front gable peak. A
large two-story porch disrupts the front façade, wrapping around to the southern side of
the house. This house has two-over-two double-hung sash window on the first floor in
the front, with the remaining windows being one-over-one double-hung sash. There is a
projecting bay window on the southern side of the building. The roof is covered in slate
in a common decorative pattern using a few courses of fishscale shingles that interrupt
the rectangular-shaped shingles.
The Hopkins map done in 1890 shows Mrs. O. Peltiers at this address.1 A Louis
Pelletier, employed as a city carter, lived on Convent Square, first listed in 1890.2 This
date therefore serves as a rough date for construction. No record of a Mrs. Pelletier was
found.
1
2
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1889-90; 1890.
14
40 Convent Square
This building’s massing is very similar to other residential units in the area. It is a threeby-four bay gable-front structure, with a one-story porch spanning the width of the house.
A large cement chimney divides the front of the house in half and rises to just above the
roof ridge. The door is situated on the southern side of the front façade and is likely a
later addition as it seems to be outside of the main block of the house. A slate roof
remains on this structure.
The Burlington City Directories reveal that Martin Blair lived on Convent Square in
1886-87 and was employed at Shepard and Morse Lumber Company. As this is the first
mention of Martin in Convent Square, 1885 is an approximate date that can be used for
the construction of this house. Martin apparently died between the printings of the 188889 and 1889-90 directories, as Clara Blair is listed as the widow of Martin in the latter
Directory. Also listed at this address is Miss Clara Blair, presumably their daughter.1
The 1890 Hopkins map shows Mrs. F. Blair at this location, but no F. Blair is found in
the Directory living in Convent Square.2 It is presumed that Clara Blair is the person
referenced by the Hopkins map.
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
1890 Hopkins Map.
15
45 Convent Square
This simple gable-front and wing, two-by-two bay house seems to have changed very
little. A large window is placed off center on the front façade, and the remaining
windows are one-over-one double-hung sash. A one-story porch extends the width of the
front and wraps around into the ell formed by the wing. The addition of siding is the one
glaring modification to the original house.
First appearing in the 1886-87 Directory, William Lower is listed as having a home on
Convent Square, and employed by a wholesale druggist, Wells and Richardson Company.
However, from 1888-1890, his occupation is simply listed as laborer.1 This would
support a construction date for this house as 1885. W. Lower is shown to be associated
with this location on the 1890 Hopkins map.2
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-1890; 1890.
1890 Hopkins Map.
16
46 Convent Square
This two-by-two bay gable-front house has seen very few alterations. The entrance is on
the southern bay of the front façade, and is sheltered by a rather harmonious portico. The
windows are one-over-one double-hung sash, and are set inside wooden frames. A
matching hood covers a side door on the southern entrance. This building is exceptional
in that it is covered in very wide clapboards.
Two men can be tied to this house, but only Joseph Savoir’s occupancy can be
corroborated. In researching the following two men, the last name was found as either
Savoy or Savoir. In the 1886-87 Directory, Joseph Savoir was said to be employed by
the Central Vermont Railroad and had a home on Convent Square. He subsequently
changed his occupation to that of a carpenter, and it is his name that is shown on the 1890
Hopkins map for this property.1 Using the Directory information, 1885 is proposed for
the construction date of this house.
William Savoir was said to work at E.B. and A.C. Whiting, a manufacturer of brush
fibers and veneers, and to board on Convent Square. William then changed employers,
first working at W. and D.G. Crane Lumber Company and, in 1890, the city of
Burlington.2
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90, 1890; 1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1890.
17
Crowley Street
16 Crowley Street
This three-by-four bay structure probably started out as a very simple house. Over time,
however, large additions have made the main block of the house harder to see. A large
one-story, partially enclosed porch covers the width of the front and western sides of the
original house and is accented with false gables. A square addition is located at the rear
end of the structure. The windows in the front section are two-over-two double-hung
sash. The roof retains slate shingles, which are probably authentic judging by the fish
scale and rectangular pattern of shingles.
A laborer by trade, Oscar Heininger moved to Crowley Street in time to be listed in the
1889-90 Directory.1 This building’s approximate date of construction is therefore 1889.
The addresses for this street may have changed, as the 1890 Directory lists Heininger at
12 Crowley Street, the 1890 Hopkins map shows his name on this property, and the
current address number is 16.2
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90.
Burlington City Directory, 1890; 1890 Hopkins Map.
18
19 Crowley Street
This common gable-front house is most likely a two-by-two bay structure, but the
enclosed wrap around porch makes the exact number of bays impossible to tell. This
house has false stone covering all of the original block of the house except for just below
the gable peak. The windows are one-over-one double-hung, with the front two windows
on the upper floor having decorative false stone lintels.
John Jacobs first appears in the 1889-90 Directory as employed by the City of Burlington
and having a home on Crowley Street. The following year, his address is pinpointed as
27 Crowley Street, yet this structure bears his name on the 1890 Hopkins map.1 1889 is
the date this building was most likely constructed.
1
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1890 Hopkins Map.
19
21 Crowley Street
Another example of the one-and-one-half story gable-front and wing plan, this three-bytwo bay house currently displays a permit to be demolished. A small shed-roofed porch
shelters the entrance, which is located in the ell formed by the two wings. The house is
clad in siding, and there is a lean-to addition on the rear.
In 1886-87, Mrs. Bridget Wright, widow of Thomas Wright, was living in the rear of 198
North Avenue with Mary Wright. The following Directory lists only Bridget, stating her
home to be on Crowley Street. There is no listing for any Wright on Crowley Street in
the 1890 Directory, but the 1890 Hopkins map shows Mrs. B. Wright at this location.1
Based on this information, a likely construction date is 1887.
1
Burlington City Directory, 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1890 Hopkins Map.
20
28 Crowley Street
This two-story three-by-two bay house is unique to this neighborhood in its square
massing. The house is covered in vinyl siding, yet the hipped roof retains slate shingles,
the top half of which has a decorative fish scale pattern. The windows are two-over-two
double-hung sash. A small hood protects the door, which is located on the eastern bay of
the front façade.
The 1889-90 Directory shows Fred Ludwig, a carpenter, lived on Crowley Street. In
1890, he is joined on Crowley Street by Antoine Hofrichter, a laborer.1 Both of their
names appear on the 1890 Hopkins map for this address.2 This house’s approximate date
of construction is 1889.
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
1890 Hopkins Map.
21
36 Crowley Street
This large stately, two-story, three-by-two bay gable-front house still has its original
wooden clapboards. The windows are one-over-one double-hung sash, set in wooden
frames, and the original entrance doorframe remains at the western bay of the front
façade. A side porch extends from the front halfway down the southern side of the house,
where it becomes enclosed.
In 1888-89, Joseph Kmetz appears in the Directory as living on Crowley Street. This
information leads to 1888 as a probably construction date. In the following Directories,
he is shown to have been employed by the City of Burlington and then been a gardener.
The 1890 Directory shows Kmetz living at 3 Crowley Street with Joseph Kmetcings,
himself working for S. Beach, a baker.1 Only Kmetz’s name appears on the 1890
Hopkins map for this structure.2
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1887-88; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
1890 Hopkins Map.
22
40 Crowley Street
At the end of Crowley Street stands this five-by-two bay house. This gable-front and
wing example has sustained an addition to the southern part of the wing. The gabled wall
dormer marks the new section. The porch runs from the juncture of the wings around to
the northern edge of the front façade. This house has one-over-one double-hung sash
windows and is covered in vinyl siding.
The 1890 Hopkins map lists only Mrs. C. Kmetz at this location.1 However, the 1890
Directory lists Mrs. Carolina Kmetz, Joseph Kmetz, and Joseph Kmetcings as residing at
3 Crowley Street.2 A possible explanation for this is the 1890 Directory lists Crowley
Street as not numbered, and the multiple houses with one address is due to the lack of a
formal numbering system.3 1889 is suggested as the date of construction.
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1889-90; 1890.
3
Burlington City Directory, 1890.
2
23
Manhattan Drive
59 Manhattan Drive
Modification has made the original massing of this one-and-one-half story, four-by-three
bay gable-front house impossible to determine. Now resembling an extended saltbox,
this structure has been covered in siding and had a large pent roof dormer added to the
southern side of the roof to increase living space on the second floor. A modern entrance
portico spans the southern three bays of the front façade. Above the remaining window
on that façade, a small second floor wooden balcony projects from a door set in the gable
peak.
The 1890 Hopkins map lists Mrs. C. Connors at this location.1 Miss Kate (or Katie)
Connors first appears in the 1891 Directory as living at 59 North Bend, which would
present 1890 as a probable construction date. She remains at this address, and always
referred to as “Miss”, until at least 1896.2
1
2
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1889-90; 1890; 1891; 1892; 1893; 1894; 1895; 1896.
24
North Avenue
198 North Avenue
This house is a simple three-by-three bay, gable-front, one-and-one-half story structure.
Modifications have been made to the rear of the house, where once a detached structure
stood. This house has one-over-one double-hung sash windows framed by false shutters,
and is covered in siding. The original slate roof is still visible, however, portions are
falling off. This house also has two chimney stacks, one at the front of the gable peak
and one at the rear.
J. Crowley is named on the 1890 Hopkins map as being at this property, and the map also
labels the area from North Bend to the terminus of Crowley Street as John Crowley’s
Plan.1 John Crowley is first listed in this area in the 1884-85 Directory which puts his
home at the corner of North Bend and North Avenue. This would lend credence to a
construction date of 1883. John Crowley resides here until his death, which the
Directories reveal was on February 27, 1892. His widow, Mary, is listed as living here
until at least 1895.2 The 1886-87 Directory lists the following people as residing in the
rear of 198 North Avenue: Adolph Hatje, George Kiedet, Bridget Wright, and Mary
Wright. All of these individuals move on the following year to homes on Crowley
Street.3 Perhaps John Crowley had room for new immigrants to come and live until
houses could be built for them within his plan.
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1881-83; 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1891; 1892; 1893; 1894; 1895.
3
Burlington City Directory, 1886-87; 1888-89.
2
25
204 North Avenue
A large rear extension has been added to the rear of this gable-front and wing house to
make it a tall two-story, three-by-six bay structure. Covered with siding, this house still
displays a slate roof, with three bands of fish scale shingles dividing rectangular-shaped
tiles. One entrance to this now multi-family dwelling is on the front gable-end, the other
is on the western corner of the projecting wing. Both doorways are covered by a small
portico. The windows are double-hung, one-over-one sash.
In the 1888-89 Directory, John Hauke is listed as being a laborer with a home on
Crowley Street. The following Directory lists him as residing at 204 North Avenue, and
the 1890 Hopkins Map links his name to this property.1 This would support 1889 as a
date of construction.
1
Burlington City Directory, 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1890 Hopkins Map.
26
208 North Avenue
Very few changes seem to have been made to this two-story three-by-three bay house. A
small, low addition was placed on the rear, and siding now covers the structure. The
middle window on the first floor is probably an alteration, as it seems crowded between
the door and another window. However, a slate roof still remains. The doorway is lit by
two small lights in the door itself, and a shallow hood above the door is supported by
large decorative brackets.
The 1890 Hopkins map show R. Kieslich at this address, yet no further information was
uncovered.1
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
27
214 North Avenue
This two-story, four-by-three bay gable-front and wing house is a bit larger than most
constructed in this area during this time period. Now covered in siding, this house has a
partially enclosed porch that extends the width of the front façade and joins the wing on
the southern side. The windows are double-hung, one-over-one sash, and the roof is
made of slate shingles. Two modern doors serve the two separate units, one located on
the southern bay of the front gable. The other is tucked into the enclosed part of the
porch, situated in the ell formed by the two wings.
Nelson Thibault first appears in Burlington in the 1881-83 Directory, listed as having a
home at 214 North Avenue and employed with Pope and Watson, manufacturers of
packing boxes. This information supports the proposition that this house was constructed
in 1880. In 1886-87, the Directory shows that he changed employers to the W. and D.G.
Crane Lumber Company. Nelson is joined by Clara and Mary Thibault during this time.
Nelson changes professions yet again and is listed as a grocer, with the 1889-90
Directory showing his place of business as his home at 214 North Avenue. Other
Thibaults, presumably daughters or siblings, are seen at this address in 1890, including
Delia, Josie, and Minnie.1
1
Burlington City Directory, 1881-83; 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
28
226 North Avenue
This two-by-two bay gable-front and wing house has a large bay window centered on the
front façade. The entrance is a simple door set flush into the projecting side wing. Oneover-one double-hung sash windows are present and a small addition to the back provides
a sunroom and a second floor balcony.
G. J. Moquin is named on the 1890 Hopkins map, yet the Directory places him on Rose
Street during this time.1
1
1890 Hopkins Map; Burlington City Directory, 1890.
29
230 North Avenue
This two-story gable-front and wing house is distinguished from its neighbors by the
projecting bay windows on the southern side of the structure, both on the first and second
floor. This was most likely a three-by-two bay home, but the enclosed porch on the front
makes it impossible to tell. Siding now replaces the original clapboards. The windows
are one-over-one double-hung sash windows. There is a small entrance portico on the
south side of the porch.
David Blow identifies Rev. William Henry Harrison Murray, famous proponent of the
Adirondack Mountains, as relocating to this address in approximately 1885.1 It is
assumed that a man as popular as W.H.H. Murray would be included in the Directory
upon arrival. However, the first mention of Murray in the 1888-89 Directory states his
home as the northeast corner of North Bend and North Avenue, which would be 244
North Avenue. Indeed, the following Directory reveals 244 North Avenue as Murray’s
address. However, in 1890, the Directory states that Murray was located at 230 North
Avenue.2 As the address numbers along this section of North Avenue have remained
fairly stable, it is likely that Murray first lived in 244 North Avenue before moving, in
1890, across the street to 230 North Avenue.
As for an approximate date of construction of this house, research in the Directories for
another property showed that Joseph Duran had a home at 230 North Avenue from 18881
David J. Blow, A Historic Guide to Burlington Neighborhoods (Burlington, VT: Chittenden County
Historical Society, 1991), 12.
2
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
30
89 to 1889-90 while employed as a salesman for Ripley and Holton on Church Street.1 It
seems likely that the house was built in 1888, and that Duran lived here until 1890, at
which point Murray moved in.
Mrs. F. M. Murray is named on the 1890 Hopkins map for this property, but research in
the Directories reveal that she was living at 250/252 North Avenue during this time.2
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
Ibid.
31
244 North Avenue
This two-story, square, hipped roof house is most likely a two-by-two bay structure, but
the addition of an enclosed porch has made the exact dimensions a mystery. The porch
runs the width of the front façade, with an entrance on the southern end. Wide aluminum
siding has replaced the original clapboards. There are one-over-one double-hung sash
windows throughout. Two chimneys heat the house; one rises from the center of the roof
and the other from the middle of the southern wall. There are traces of stickwork in the
false gables on the porch and above the second floor.
W.H.H. Murray was a likely first occupant of this building, putting the date of
construction at 1888.1 However, Augustus Barrows is shown on the 1890 Hopkins map
for this property. Barrows is also shown on several other lots in the area, and at 328
North Avenue, which appears to be a sizable estate.2 It can therefore be assumed that the
other properties, including this one, were rental homes for which he served as landlord,
and probably saw a large number of tenants, due to the burgeoning immigrant population
of the neighborhood.
The 1890 Directory also reveals the Videll family as residing at this address, most likely
renting from Barrows. Veto and Frank Videll, shoemakers, along with Lizzie Videll
occupy this home for only a year before moving on.3
1
See 230 North Avenue.
1890 Hopkins Map; Burlington City Directory, 1889-90; 1890.
3
Burlington City Directory, 1890; 1891.
2
32
248 North Avenue
This two-story gable-front and wing house has presumably changed little since first built.
Now a two-by-three bay building, it seems as if the front door was originally placed
along the western wall of the wing. The house retains its slate roof, and the eave line
appears to have once been bracketed, suggesting the influence of the vernacular Italianate
style. The one-over-one double-hung sash windows are accentuated with false shutters.
The low, one-story rear projection is original to the building; it was visible on the 1890
Hopkins map.1
S.R. Wager was listed as a grocer, whose business address was 104 Pearl Street, as early
as the 1881-83 Directory. At that same time, Jesse A. Rustin was employed as Wager’s
clerk, and boarded with Wager at his home on George Street. The two then move to the
corner of North Bend and North Avenue between 1881 and 1884, which are the
approximate dates of construction for this house.2 Wager is listed at this address, 248
North Avenue, through the 1890 Directory, although he changes employers twice,
working as a bookkeeper for both J.W. Goodell, a granite dealer, and A.L. Bailey, a piano
dealer.3 Rustin, after boarding for a few years, establishes a home at 262 North Avenue
in 1888-89.4
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1881-83; 1884-85.
3
Burlington City Directory, 1889-90; 1890.
4
Burlington City Directory, 1889-90.
2
33
252 North Avenue
This two-story three-by-two bay house has decorative brackets that reveal an Italianate
influence. The house as it stands has changed very little from the time of construction. A
shed-roofed porch wraps around the front of the house and extends into the ell of the
wings. Supported by slender, square posts, the porch is open and has a metal roof. The
windows are one-over-one double-hung sash, and are set into wooden frames. The
original clapboards are still present, as is the slate roof.
This building dates to 1888-89, when Miss Fannie M. Murray first appears at 250 North
Avenue, which is later changed to 252 North Avenue. She continues to reside here until
at least 1890. Her name listed on the 1890 Hopkins map for both this property and 230
North Avenue, the one-time home of W.H.H. Murray.1
1
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1890 Hopkins Map.
34
252 North Avenue Rear Barn
This barn, tucked behind 252 North Avenue, is roughly a three-by-two bay, gabled-roof
structure. Now listing noticeably, the original use was probably storage for carriages and
animals. A massive slate roof still caps the barn. A cupola, also slate-covered, is present
in the center of the gable roof to provide ventilation.
The 1890 Hopkins map shows this barn as linked to 252 North Avenue, and both are
associated with Miss Fannie M. Murray.1 No further information was found regarding
the use or history of this building.
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
35
258 North Avenue
Another in a line of gable-front and wing homes, this example is a four-by-three bay
structure. A one-story square room at the ell formed by the two wings was almost
certainly once a porch but is now completely enveloped into the house. Lining the top of
the square room is an iron railing with delicate spindles. Vinyl siding now covers the
house, but a slate roof is still present. One-over-one double-hung sash windows are also
visible.
After arriving in Burlington around 1879, Archibald McBride tried out various
occupations and homes until settling at 258 North Avenue as a mason. Listed as living
on Crombie Street in 1888-89, he is first shown at this address in 1889-90, which is
assumed to be the approximate date of construction.1 A. McBride is shown at this
location on the 1890 Hopkins map.2
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1879-81; 1881-83; 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
1890 Hopkins Map.
36
262 North Avenue
A porch with a solid balustrade masks the front of this gable-front and wing, two-by-two
bay house. The porch runs from the juncture of the wings to the northern end of the front
façade. Slate shingles are still found on the roof; however, modern siding has been added
to the exterior. Also, a small shed-roofed entrance portico is present on the eastern
corner of the side gable. False shutters surround the one-over-one double-hung sash
windows.
Jesse A. Rustin ventured out to North Avenue with his employer and landlord, S.R.
Wager. He establishes this home at 262 North Avenue around 1888, and is employed by
the Wells and Richardson Company, listed as druggists. Jesse P. Rustin makes a brief
appearance as boarding in this house in 1888-89 while employed as a carriage maker.1
1
Burlington City Directory, 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
37
266 North Avenue
This two-story house is a variation of the typical gable-front and wing seen in this area.
The rear roof of this two-by-two bay structure slopes all the way down to meet the roof of
the entrance porch. This seems to be a renovation, as the bottom part of the roof slope
does not extend all the way to the eaves. A large three-part projecting bay window
emerges from the center of the first floor on the front façade. Siding replaces the original
clapboards. One-over-one, double-hung sash windows are also present.
This house was built approximately 1890 for Fred W. Wakefield, a sailmaker employed
by James Wakefield, residing a bit further north. Fred Wakefield was shown to be
boarding on Maple Street in 1889-90, but had moved to 266 North Avenue by the
publication of the 1890 Directory.1 Fred seems to be an integral part of the extended
family that made James Wakefield’s business a success. He remains at this address until
at least 1896.2
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1889-90; 1890.
Burlington City Directory, 1894; 1895; 1896.
38
351 North Avenue
Completed in 1884, the original block of this eaves-front thirteen-by-three bay structure
is four stories high. Measuring 170 by 55 feet, the main structure is made of brick, with a
sizable rear projection.1 The middle two bays are projected outward to form a gabled
pavilion entranceway. Dormers on the slate roof illuminate the attic, and a large cupola
with a tin plated mansard roof tops the building. A triangular, glass covered entry is
centered on the projecting pediment; this was added in 1962.2 Just south of the main
building is a large three story modern addition. The building has two-over-two and oneover-one double-hung sash windows with interior shutters. Belt courses define the floors
on the exterior of the building.3
This building was initially constructed as the Providence Orphan Asylum by the Diocese
of Burlington. Run by the Sisters of Providence from Montreal, the occupants (orphans,
elderly, and sisters) would eventually number more than 200. This influx is what leads to
the construction, in 1941, of an addition to the south to hold classrooms, dormitories and
a gymnasium. Over the years, the children that found themselves at what was then called
St. Joseph’s came more and more from broken homes. Numerous other institutions were
started to care for these types of children, and by the late 1960s, there were no longer
enough children to continue the orphanage. As it stands today, the Diocese of Burlington
“A Great Charity” Burlington Free Press (Burlington, VT: February 23, 1884).
David J. Blow, The History of a Useful Building (Burlington, VT: Diocese of Burlington, 1978).
3
C. Richard Morsbach, Historic Sites and Structures Survey, 351 North Avenue (VT: Vermont Division for
Historic Preservation, 1978).
1
2
39
operates out of what is now known as the Bishop Brady Center. Offices occupy the 1941
wing, with some scattered into the older, main building.1
1
Morsbach, 351 North Avenue; Blow, A Historic Guide, 13-14.
40
366 North Avenue
An addition to the rear of this house has more than doubled its original length, so that
now this is a three-by-eight bay structure. Examination of the front block reveals the
familiar gable-front and wing setup with an enclosed porch running from the northern
end of the front façade to the juncture of the two wings. The main entrance door has
modern transom lights on both sides and a large oval glass panel. Siding on the exterior
walls and a new roof covering are also recent modifications. Windows on the main block
are one-over-one double-hung sash, framed by false shutters.
Wm. Newton Jr. is listed on this property on the 1890 Hopkins Map.1 Research in the
Directories uncover that although William Newton Jr. did live at this address for some
time, it was his father, William Newton, that resided here the longest, and was the only
person at this address in 1890. This structure’s estimated date of construction is 1873,
which is the first year that William Newton is shown as living on North Avenue. He was
a boatman by trade, piloting the steamers Adirondack, Mariquita and Reindeer during the
1870s and 1880s. From the 1881-83 Directory until the 1888-89 Directory, this address
is listed as 494 North Avenue. Afterwards it is listed as 490 North Avenue.2
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1871-72; 1873-74; 1875-76; 1877-78; 1879-81; 1881-83; 1884-85; 1886-87;
1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
2
41
372 North Avenue
The recent modifications to this structure have significantly lengthened the house, yet the
original structure is still distinguishable. Now a two-by-five bay gable-front home with
multiple tiers of additions, the joining of the rear section with the house is a recent
change, as the main block was still separate as of 1978.1 The front façade reveals a few
Romantic elements: the false wooden truss in the gable, the decorative wooden shingles,
and splayed flat lintels above the windows. A small one-story porch covers the entrance,
located at the juncture of main block with the addition. The new two-story block extends
to the rear, with an increased roof height. A small, one-story room at the back has a
balcony on top. Windows are seen to be one-over-one double-hung sash, and the house
is clad in siding.
Several Hathaways can be tied to North Avenue, but only Walter Hathaway and his wife,
Jesse, can be proven to be in residence at this location. Hathaway moves to this house
around 1887, and is listed as being a teamster. The Directories show this house as 494
North Avenue. Walter died between the printings of the 1888-89 and 1889-90
Directories, the latter of which shows his widow, Jesse at this address. She leaves the
following year.2 The 1890 Hopkins map show W.A. Hathaway at this location.3
1
1978 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
3
1890 Hopkins Map.
2
42
378 North Avenue
This three-by-three bay gable-front and wing house has seen few modifications. The
walls have been covered in siding, and the one-over-one double-hung sash windows are
probably replacements. False shutters adorn these windows, and two modern doors mark
the entrances at the western bay of the south façade and on the small projecting wing. A
gabled dormer has been added to the south roof, presumably to shed light into an upper
room.
Adolphus Ploof (also shown as Adolphe and Dolphus) moved to this house from further
north on North Avenue. Then numbered 496 North Avenue, this house was probably
built in 1886, the first year the Directory lists Ploof at this address. A laborer, Adolphus
is joined in 1890 by Joseph Ploof, who was employed by the city.1 The 1890 Hopkins
map lists A. Ploof for this property.2
1
2
Burlington City Directory, 1884-85; 1886-87; 1890.
1890 Hopkins Map.
43
382 North Avenue
Major alterations to this house have rendered the rear a conglomeration of apartments.
The original gable-front and wing structure is still visible, however, and is probably
three-by-two bays. The large enclosed porch extending the width of the front façade
makes it difficult to see the house underneath, even though the front of the porch is laden
with windows. This house has external wooden stairs leading to the top of the wing.
Both the roof of the stairs and the main roof of the structure are metal. The windows are
one-over-one double-hung sash.
William Huhn moved to Burlington to North Avenue to be listed in the 1888-89
Directory. Therefore, 1888 is an approximate date of construction. The Directories do
not put a number on this address until 1891, when it is listed as 500 North Avenue.
William Huhn spent a few years working for J.A. Arthur, whose occupation was
described as simply, U.S. Customs. Mrs. Emile Huhn also lived at this address and
worked briefly for the Burlington Free Press. Veronica, presumably their daughter, was
employed as a teacher and also lived at this address.1
1
Burlington City Directory, 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1891; 1892; 1893.
44
392 North Avenue
This is another fine example of a relatively unaltered gable-front and wing plan. The
gable end is very symmetrical and organized, and the placement of the fenestration seems
to have not changed over the years. This appears to be a three-by-three bay structure,
with a typical shed-roofed porch sheltering an unadorned entrance in the ell made by the
two wings. False shutters now frame the one-over-one double-hung sash windows. A
gabled dormer projects from the southern section of the gable-front wing. The house
now has modern siding, which replaces the original clapboard.
The 1890 Hopkins map places James Wakefield at this property in 1890.1 In working
backwards through many Directories, Wakefield can be tied to this address beginning in
the 1873-74 edition, and therefore it can be said that this house dates from roughly 1872.
Wakefield was a sailmaker and rigger, and operated a very successful business in
Burlington, located for many years at 33 Maple Street. He is shown to be at this address,
514 North Avenue, until at least 1896.2
The Wakefield home must have been a very busy place during this time period, as
research indicates there were at times six people living here. Wakefield employed
several members of his family, including James Jr., John W., Fred W., Albert E., and
Theodore Wakefield over the period of 1873 to 1890. All of these men at one point or
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1871-72; 1873-74; 1875-76; 1877-78; 1879-81; 1881-83; 1884-85; 1886-87;
1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1891; 1892; 1893; 1894; 1895; 1896.
2
45
another also lived with James Wakefield in his home. Additionally, Henrietta, Lavina,
and Mary Wakefield spent time residing at 514 North Avenue.1
Image obtained from the 1886-87 Burlington City Directory.
1
Burlington City Directory, 1871-72; 1873-74; 1875-76; 1877-78; 1879-81; 1881-83; 1884-85; 1886-87;
1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1891; 1892; 1893; 1894; 1895; 1896.
46
392.5 North Avenue
This one-by-two bay gable-front barn has been modified with a shed-roof on the side to
create a small carport. A garage door has replaced the original entrance on the front of
the barn. There is also a small door on the second floor of the barn. Perhaps intended to
be used for storage of materials, animals, or potentially a small workshop, this barn now
appears to be used for cars.
This barn is shown on the 1890 Hopkins map as on the estate linked to James Wakefield.1
No further information regarding the use of this building was found.
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
47
431 North Avenue
This three-by-four bay Gothic Revival chapel, designed by architect A.B. Fisher, stands
just inside the gates of Lake View Cemetery, and has a gable-front orientation. The
contrasting coursed, rock-faced stone creates a polychromatic texture to the building.
Pointed stained glass windows are present throughout the chapel, and a small ocular
window sits above the entrance portico. The original slate roof is present, as is the
original bell, located in the bell tower at the front gable peak.1 Small buttresses are
interspersed between the windows to support the horizontal thrust of the roof.
Louisa Howard, sister to the great Burlington philanthropist John Purple Howard,
donated the money for this chapel to be built. Due to the distance of Lake View
Cemetery from the city proper, she felt that there needed to be a sheltered place for
mourners closer to the burial sites.2 The bell once rang at each funeral procession.3 The
exact date of completion is difficult to determine, as three separate sources have different
dates listed: the Historic Sites and Structures Survey claims the chapel was built in 1882;
David Blow believes it was erected in 1875 and dedicated in 1884; and a pamphlet
available at Lake View Cemetery states the chapel was completed in 1875.4
1
C. Richard Morsbach, Historic Sites and Structures Survey, 431 North Avenue (VT: Vermont Division for
Historic Preservation, 1978).
2
Blow, A Historic Guide, 15.
3
The Louisa Howard Chapel (Obtained at Lake View Cemetery, Burlington, VT).
4
Morsbach, 431 North Avenue; Blow, A Historic Guide, 15; The Louisa Howard Chapel.
48
455 North Avenue
This house is a one-by-two bay one-and-one-half story, gable-front and wing plan
executed in the Gothic Revival style. The porch located between the wings has been
enclosed since 1978. The clapboards and slate roof are original features. There is a mix
of window types: one-over-one, two-over-two and four-over-four double-hung sash
windows are all present. Decorative vergeboards occur in the gable peaks as well as
along the eaves.1
This building has traditionally functioned as the home and office of the cemetery
superintendent. The Historic Site and Structures Survey for this building states it was
built circa 1860, and then moved circa 1925, although a similar structure appears in this
location on the 1890 Hopkins map.2
1
C. Richard Morsbach, Historic Sites and Structures Survey, 455 North Avenue (VT: Vermont Division for
Historic Preservation, 1978).
2
Ibid; 1890 Hopkins Map.
49
468 North Avenue
Greek Revival detailing is present on this two-story, three-by-four bay gable-front house.
The eaves extend back into the house, creating the visual impression of a pediment.
Also, there are slight pediments above the windows on the front, main block. These
windows have a rhythm in size; the larger windows are on the bottom and the smaller
windows are on the second floor. They are two-over-two double-hung sash windows. A
partially enclosed porch runs along the south side of the main block. There is also a oneand-one-half story addition on the back of this building.
This building was built approximately 1879, which is the first year that the Directories
put Charles Critchlow at this location. He was working at the time for Linsley and
Company, at their planing mill on the North Wharf. He worked briefly for Pope and
Watson, a box manufacturer, before becoming a watchman. He remained in that
occupation until his death, most likely in 1893. His widow, Mary, continued to live at
this location with Agnes, most likely their daughter, until at least 1896.1
1
Burlington City Directory, 1877-78; 1879-81; 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1891; 1892;
1893; 1894; 1895; 1896.
50
472 North Avenue
This large, one-and-one-half story, gable-front house has dimensions which are difficult
to ascertain. It is likely a two-by-three bay structure, but a side porch that has been
enclosed since 1978 makes it hard to see.1 The porch runs the length of the south façade,
and has a shed roof that is supported by iron posts and lattice columns. The original slate
roof remains, and consists of rectangular tiles interrupted by a narrow band of fish scale
shingles. The windows are one-over-one double-hung sash.
No name was listed at this property in 1890, and research led to no further discoveries as
to any occupants.2
1
2
1978 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map.
1890 Hopkins Map; Burlington City Directory 1890.
51
Voltz Street
35 Voltz Street
This simple, one-by-four bay home has seen some modification over the years, yet still
retains a distinctive center block. The low one-story additions that have been constructed
extend the length of the house on the eastern side. An enclosed wooden porch serves as
the entrance at the front of this addition. Centered on each floor of the front façade are
two bay windows. Another projecting bay window is tucked just behind the entrance
porch on the addition. The remaining windows appear to be one-over-one double-hung
sash. Siding has been added to the outside of the house, yet the original slate roof
remains, employing the decorative fish scale pattern of shingles mixed with rectangular
tiles.
H. Voltz is shown on the 1890 map at this address.1 Research in the Directories put
Henry Voltz (also spelled Volz) as moving to this location in 1890. This date serves as
an approximate date of construction. Voltz was a laborer whose previous home had been
on Convent Square. He remained at this location until at least 1896.2 It is assumed the
street bears his name as he was the first resident.
1
2
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1895; 1896.
52
Washington Street
10 Washington Street
This simple one-and-one-half story, two-by-two bay house has survived relatively well.
The massing remains the same: a gable-front and wing structure with a small shed-roofed
one-story porch nestled in the ell between the wings. Modern paired one-over-one,
double-hung sash windows have been added to the front façade. Siding now replaces the
original clapboards, but a slate roof remains atop the building.
In 1888-89, the Directory shows Henry Clark to be employed as a lightkeeper on Juniper
Island, with a home at 10 North Bend. He then found work as a laborer, but remained at
10 North Bend to be noted as associated with this property on the 1890 Hopkins map.1
The approximate date of construction, therefore, is 1888.
1
Burlington City Directory, 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1890 Hopkins Map.
53
14 Washington Street
Second in a strong of almost identical houses, this one-and-one-half story, gable-front
and wing house has some more recent modifications. Both the porch in the front juncture
and the porch in the rear of this two-by-three bay structure have been enclosed since
1978.1 Large modern windows replace the originals. The windows are one-over-one
double-hung sash, save the window on the front façade on the first floor. That window
appears to be one pane, with tracery added to the top section to give the appearance of
lancet windows. Slate still covers the roof, and siding has replaced clapboards as exterior
wall covering.
The 1890 Hopkins map shows A. Barrows on this property.2 Augustus Barrows is also
shown to have a large property further up North Avenue, and this was likely just a rental
property serving the enormous number of immigrants looking for a place to live.
1
2
1978 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map.
1890 Hopkins Map; Burlington City Directory, 1890.
54
16 Washington Street
This one-and-one-half story, gable-front and wing house is longer than many of its
neighbors, perhaps due to its location at a corner. The front façade is dominated by a
gable-roofed projecting entrance portico. The seasonal screens in this picture hide the
supporting columns. A large twenty-paned window is centered on the first floor of the
front gable. The rest of the windows are one-over-one double-hung sash. Modifications
also include siding and replacement of the slate roof with a more modern material.
The 1890 Hopkins map shows J. Andrus at this house.1 John C. Andrus (also spelled
Andrews and Andress) is first listed in the 1886-87 Directory as being a farmer with a
home at the corner of Convent Square and North Bend. This would put the approximate
date of construction of this building in 1886. He is listed at this address until at least
1890, at which point the location is noted as 14 North Bend.2
1
2
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
55
17 Washington Street
This two-by-five bay gable-front and wing structure is made imposing by the two
projecting bay windows on the front façade, one on each floor. A shed roof protects the
semi-enclosed porch on the western wall of the main block. A small lean-to addition has
been placed on the rear. The windows are one-over-one double-hung sash, and the
original slate roof has survived.
The 1890 Hopkins map shows J. Durand at this location, and indeed, Joseph Duran’s
address in the 1890 Directory was listed as 13 North Bend. Working as a salesman for
J.H. Holden, a hardware dealer, Duran had been living at 230 North Avenue, just next
door, the year before.1 This would lead to the assumption that this house was built in
approximately 1889. The projecting bay windows at this location are remarkably similar
in size and scale to those at 230 North Avenue, as is the exterior color. However, no
information was uncovered to prove that these characteristics are original on either house.
1
1890 Hopkins Map; Burlington City Directory, 1889-90; 1890.
56
21 Washington Street
A simple gable-front one-and-one-half story house, this structure has survived in good
condition. A low, one-story enclosed porch runs the length of the western wall, with an
entrance at the front. A projecting bay window fills the first floor of the front façade.
One-over-one double-hung sash windows are present, and siding has replaced the original
clapboards.
As pictured on the 1890 Hopkins map, A.D.D. Sullivan was linked to this property,
although it appears as just a very small part of the land bearing his name.1 A Daniel
Sullivan is shown in relation to this location, 21 North Bend, beginning in 1875, the
approximate date this structure was built. Daniel is listed as being employed with the
Central Vermont Railroad, and is joined at this address by several Sullivans through the
years, including Daniel Jr., Ellen, Mary and Julia.2
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1873-74; 1875-76; 1877-78; 1879-81; 1881-83; 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89;
1889-90; 1890.
2
57
26 Washington Street
This structure appears to have started out life as a gable-front one-and-one-half story
house, which has now been hidden underneath numerous modifications. The extension
of the roofline to create a saltbox form probably happened first, and was followed by the
large shed dormer, the enclosed side porch, and the enormous two-story front porch. The
windows are all one-over-one double-hung sash windows. Although now covered by
siding, the house still retains a slate roof in places.
F. Videll is shown at this property at the time of the 1890 Hopkins map.1 In 1888-89, the
Directory shows a Peter Videll (also spelled Vedell) as having a home at the corner of
Convent Square and North Bend. A date of construction can be approximated at 1888,
the date of the appearance of a Videll at this location. In 1889-90, the Directory shows
Peter was gone, but Frank, a shoemaker, Lizzie, and Medrick Videll were listed at 26
North Bend.2
1
2
1890 Hopkins Map.
Burlington City Directory, 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890.
58
28 Washington Street
The exact number of bays on this house is hard to determine, due to an enclosed porch on
the front. However, judging from the typical building type, this gable-front, one-andone-half story house is probably a two-by-two bay structure. The front façade is
dominated by the large, one-story enclosed porch. A small entrance portico with a shed
roof stands on the western side of the house. Siding is present on the front porch, and an
inauthentic wall covering is used on the rest of the house. There are one-over-one,
double-hung sash windows occurring throughout the house.
The 1890 Hopkins map states that Mrs. M.J. Bear is somehow linked to this property,
however, research failed to locate any further information.1
1
1890 Hopkins Map.
59
30 Washington Street
This gable-front house, like its neighbor to the west, is probably a two-by-two bay
structure. Once again, an enclosed porch has been added to the front. This one-and-onehalf story house has one-over-one double-hung sash windows present, but the window on
the porch has a large single-paned window in the center. Siding and a modern roof
cladding are also modifications to the original form.
In 1886-87, Charles Richelieu appears at 30 North Bend as employed by L.A. Walter, a
marble and granite manufacturer. The date of construction can therefore be estimated as
1886. Subsequent directories reveal Richelieu’s occupation as a stonecutter, and he is
listed at this address until at least 1896.1
1
Burlington City Directory, 1884-85; 1886-87; 1888-89; 1889-90; 1890; 1895; 1896.
60
32 Washington Street
This two-by-two bay, gable-front house possessed its small rear extension in 1890, as the
footprint of this building has remained the same over time.1 A one-story roof extends
almost the entire width of the front façade, and it covers the entrance, located at the
eastern bay, as well as a projecting bay window. Siding now covers this one-and-onehalf story structure. Windows are one-over-one double-hung sash, except for the middle
bay window, which appears to be one large pane.
Mrs. E.V. Robarge is named on the 1890 Hopkins map for this property, but no further
information was found on occupants.2
1
2
1890 Hopkins Map.
Ibid.
61
Bibliography
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62
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Reference
McAlester, Virginia and Lee McAlester. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York:
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Visser, Thomas Durant. Field Guide to New England Barns and Farm Buildings.
Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1997.
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