HIV <3>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009290848
Authors Bao Y.-P. Liu Z.-M.
Institution
(Bao, Liu) National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing
100191, China.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Current situation and trends of drug abuse and HIV/AIDS in China.
Source
Future HIV Therapy. 3(3)(pp 237-240), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009.
Publisher
Future Medicine Ltd.
Abstract
Drug abuse re-emerged in mainland China in the 1980s and has spread dramatically over
the last decades; the cumulative number of registered drug users increased to 1.16 million by
the end of 2005. Among them, 78.3% were heroin addicts and the majority of them (50-70%)
were injecting drug users. The abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants emerged at the end of
the 1990s and spread quickly. Injecting drug use and unsafe sexual behavior among drug
users have been the key factors in the spread of HIV/AIDS. By the end of September 2008,
the cumulative total of reported HIV/AIDS cases was 264,302 in China. The Chinese
government takes great measures and strategies to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission and
reduce drug-related harms, including methadone-maintenance treatment and needleexchange programs. Moreover, antiretroviral therapy has been provided for AIDS patients.
The Chinese government will continue to implement strategies to prevent the spread of
HIV/AIDS among drug users in the future. copyright 2009 Future Medicine Ltd.
ISSN 1746-9600
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Future HIV Therapy
Volume 3
Issue Part 3
Page 237-240
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 2009
HIV <11>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009228890
Authors Marshall B.D.L. Wood E. Zhang R. Tyndall M.W. Montaner J.S.G. Kerr T.
Institution
(Marshall, Wood, Zhang, Tyndall, Montaner, Kerr) British Columbia Centre for Excellence, HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's
Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
(Marshall) School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
(Wood, Tyndall, Montaner, Kerr) Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital,
Vancouver, BC, Canada.
(Kerr) British Columbia Centre for Excellence, HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608-1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver,
BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Condom use among injection drug users accessing a supervised injecting facility.
Source
Sexually Transmitted Infections. 85(2)(pp 121-126), 2009. Date of Publication: 01 Apr 2009.
Publisher
BMJ Publishing Group
Abstract
Objectives: Although supervised injecting facility (SIF) use has been associated with
reductions in injection-related risk behaviours, the impact of SIFs on the sexual behaviour of
injection drug users (IDUs) has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we examined the
patterns and predictors of condom use among SIF users in Vancouver, Canada. Methods:
We performed a longitudinal analysis of the factors associated with consistent condom use
among IDUs recruited from within a SIF. Results: Among 1090 individuals, 650 (59.6%)
reported a sexual partner in the past 6 months at baseline. Consistent condom use was
reported by 108 (25.3%) and 205 (61.6%) individuals reporting regular or casual partners,
respectively. After 2 years of observation, these proportions increased to 32.9% and 69.8%,
respectively. In multivariate analysis, predictors of consistent condom use with regular
partners included HIV positivity (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.23; 95% CI 1.51 to 3.31),
injecting with a sex partner (AOR 0.50; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.68), enrollment in addiction
treatment (AOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.89) and time since recruitment (AOR 1.29; 95% CI
1.06 to 1.55 per year). Predictors of consistent condom use with casual partners included HIV
positivity (AOR 1.70; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.81), syringe borrowing (AOR 0.54; 95% CI 0.32 to
0.91) and syringe lending (AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.32 to 0.84). Conclusions: Our results
demonstrate that among SIF users, consistent condom use was more frequent among casual
sex partners and among HIV positive individuals. Importantly, while the prevalence of
consistent condom use was low at baseline, it increased over time. Our findings suggest a
possible beneficial effect of the SIF on safer sexual practices.
ISSN 1368-4973
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Sexually Transmitted Infections
Volume 85
Issue Part 2
Page 121-126
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 01 Apr 2009
HIV <114>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009150940
Authors Nijhawan A. Kim S. Rich J.D.
Institution
(Rich) Brown Medical School, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI 02906, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Management of HIV infection in patients with substance use problems.
Source
Current Infectious Disease Reports. 10(5)(pp 432-438), 2008. Date of Publication: 2008.
Publisher
Current Science Ltd
Abstract
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly reduced overall morbidity
and mortality in patients with HIV, patients with substance use issues have been less likely
than other patients with HIV to realize these benefits. Social obstacles (eg, lack of housing,
minimal social support), and medical comorbidities (eg, mental illness, hepatitis), complicate
the management of this group of patients. Not only are drug and alcohol users less likely to
access medical care, initiation of HAART may be delayed due to concerns for adherence and
the potential development of drug resistance. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary comprehensive
approach is needed to both engage and retain this population in care. Through the integration
of case management, addiction therapy, and medical treatment of HIV, we may be able to
improve out-comes for patients with HIV and addiction. copyright Current Medicine Group
LLC 2008.
ISSN 1523-3847
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Infectious Disease Reports
Volume 10
Issue Part 5
Page 432-438
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 2008
HIV <119>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009131690
Authors Vlassova N. Angelino A.F. Treisman G.J.
Institution
(Vlassova, Angelino, Treisman) 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Update on mental health issues in patients with HIV infection.
Source
Current Infectious Disease Reports. 11(2)(pp 163-169), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009.
Publisher
Current Science Ltd
Abstract
HIV infection remains a major world health problem more than 20 years after discovery of
the virus. Mental disorders make individuals more vulnerable to behaviors that transmit HIV
and interfere with HIV treatment adherence. The evidence supporting the need for optimal
provision of mental health care in HIV clinics is mounting, along with evidence that these
disorders can be treated successfully. Disorders of mental life include brain diseases (eg,
depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and dementia), personality disorders, addictions,
and psychologic disruptions, which contribute to the spread of the virus through their influence
on behavior. However, although evidence exists that successful treatment of co-occurring
mental disorders leads to improved HIV outcomes, integrated mental health care in HIV
clinics remains grossly suboptimal. copyright Current Medicine Group, LLC 2009.
ISSN 1523-3847
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Current Infectious Disease Reports
Volume 11
Issue Part 2
Page 163-169
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 2009
VIROLOGY <130>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009121274
Authors Alavi S.M. Alavi L.
Institution
(Alavi, Alavi) Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Jundishapoor University of Medical
Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Islamic Republic of.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Seroprevalence study of HCV among hospitalized intravenous drug users in Ahvaz,
Iran (2001-2006).
Source
Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2(1)(pp 47-51), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Background and aims: Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in intravenous drug users (IDU)
varies in different areas according to socioeconomic and geographical circumstances. The
present study was performed to determine seroprevalence of HCV in IDU individuals in
Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and methods: 142 IDU patients were included in this retrospective
study in Ahvaz southwest Iran from 2001 to 2006. Patients were placed in two groups
determined by HCV Ab positive or negative status. Data were analyzed using SPSS for
Windows (version 11.5; SPSS Inc., USA) software. Results: Out of total 142 cases, 74
persons (52.11%) had a positive HCV-Ab test according to the ELISA method. There was no
difference in age, sex, level of education, residency and co-infection with HIV and hepatitis B
virus between HCV-Ab positive (HAP) and HCV-Ab negative (HAN) groups (p > 0.05). HCVAb positivity was significantly related to imprisonment and duration spent in prison [OR: 3.22,
95% (CI) 2.61-3.76, p < 0.0001]. Conclusion: Patients with IDU constitute a high-risk group for
acquisition of HCV infection. Transmission of HCV via sharing syringe and needle as well as
blood transfusion has been a significant source of hepatitis C infection for patients with
intravenous drug addiction. copyright 2009 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health
Sciences.
ISSN 1876-0341
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Infection and Public Health
Volume 2
Issue Part 1
Page 47-51
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 2009