BOILER
1. Watchkeeping
In Pacific Java, Engineers works on day work and take watch by turns.
First, the offgoing duty engineer should hand over to oncoming duty engineer.
Situation such as abnormal operation or repair work have to be reported.
Then start from the control room, check all the pressure, temperature, ammeter,
voltmeter, tanks level (if fuel tank level low, pump up the fuel), then check the
generator controls and loads, ME power and speed, control room temperature, AC
suction and discharge pressure and cathodic protection unit.
Then go out the control room to check the incinerator and emergency generator.
Then go out to check the funnel emission to see whether there is black smoke.
Go to boiler flat, check the economizer gas in / out temp, steam pressure, exhaust
gas temperature, the expansion tanks level. Check the boiler pressure and guage
glass level and blow it down. Check the burner, fuel pressure and temperature, and
flame if any. Then check the Fuel valve cooling unit pressure and temperature and
economizer circulating pump in/ out pressure.
Then go down to the generator flat and check the generator preheater in / out
pressure, then visual check the emergency air compressor. Sight glass of ME
expansion tank…………………….
REFER TO UMS CHECKLIST
2. How to start the boiler from cold
First check the safety valves, air vent, manhole cover, steam valve, feed water pump,
thermometer pressure gauge and water level gauge are in good condition.
If all are ok, open the air vent. Then check the fuel oil system and circulate the fuel
oil with heater to warm it to the required temperature and viscosity.
Then run the force draft blower to purge the combustion area of any explosive gas
accumulation.
Put the flame spill in low position and open the fuel valve to fuel spray nozzle. Then
press the ignition switches.
If the fuel fails to ignite, close the fuel valve and repeat the procedure.
To prevent thermal stress, the temperature should be raised slowly. Also, in order to
let the air to release from the system, the air vent should be kept opened.
When the pressure builds up, one should close the air vent and turn the flame spill to
high position.
Once the service pressure is reached, the steam valve should be opened slowly. If
necessary, open the steam valve to oil tank carefully in order to prevent water
hammering.
3. Mounting on the boiler
two safety v/v's
one steam stop
two independent feed check
two water gauge or equivalent
one pressure gauge
one salinometer v/v or cock
one blowdown/scum v/v
one low level fuel shut off device and alarm
4. Steam line
Steam come from boiler will be divided into different system such as fuel tank heater,
ME and AE fuel feed and booster unit, jacket water preheat, purifier preheater, fuel
valve cooling unit, and the pipe heating system.
Steam is then directed into the condenser inside the hotwell and is ready for the use
of boiler.
5. After starting the boiler, what should you do to let steam go to the system
We have to ensure there is no water in the steam pipes. We have to drain the steam
line and visual check on the large connection like steam valve manifold for the fuel
tank. Then we could open the valve slowly to avoid water hammering.
6. What will you do if no water shown in the water gauges
Check the water gauges; if it blows steam, this is a very dangerous emergency.
First, the fire should be immediately extinguished and the boiler should be isolated
from the steam supply system.
Switch off the feed pumps. Turn off the feed water valve and fuel supply valve.Wait
for the slow cool down.
Check to see if there is any damage to furnace, internal structure and other p arts of
the boiler.
Check the tripping of fuel supply valve as it should cut the supply of fuel oil when
water level reaches low low level
After the problem is fixed, boiler could be put back to service.
7. How to prevent the thermal stress
When heating up the boiler, open the air vent and adjust the burner into low fire
position in order to heat it up very gradually.
8. What are boiler trips & alarms?
Boiler trips are actions that will occur under undesired situation of boiler. Boiler
alarms are audible and visual signal about a problem or a condition.
For example, when the boiler is in the low water level condition, alarm will occur.
When the boiler is in the low low water level condition, trip and alarm will occur
together
9. What is boiler blow down & why is it needed
Blow down of the boiler is done to remove scum and bottom deposits. This means
that blow down is done either for scum or for bottom blow down.
The reasons for boiler blow down are:
1. To remove the precipitates formed as a result of chemical addition to the boiler
water.
2. In case of pollution from sea water, regular blow down is necessary to low the
chloride level.
3. To remove solid particles, dirt, foam or oil molecules from the boiler water. This is
mainly done by scum valve and the procedure is known as “scumming.”
4. To remove excess water in case of emergency.
10. What is boiler water treatment & why is it needed
Refer to hand written notes
11. How to blow water gauge
Check for the leak of the cocks. First close steam and water cocks, open the drain,
nothing should blow out if steam and water cocks are not leaking.
In order to check the water cock connection to the boiler is clear, open and close the
water cock to see if water blow out.
In order to check the steam cock connection to the boiler is clear, open and close the
steam cock to see if steam blow out.
Close the drain.
Open the water cock. Water should then gradually rise up to the top of the gauge
glass. Then open the steam cock and the water in the glass should fall to the level of
the water in the boiler.
12. What are the reasons caused low low water level
Low low water level may be caused by many reasons:
1. Blow down valve is accidentally opened
2. Feed water system- feed tank is empty, feed pump failure, automation control
failure or other isolation from the feed system
3. Serious leakage on the water contacting area
13. What is boiler carry over
It is a harmful condition in which water is carried over from the boiler to the steam
space.
Cause of it may be contamination of boiler water by excess of salts or oil. Foaming
occur because of them. Also, too high of the water level, excessive boiler loads, and
sudden load changes could also lead to this problem.
If it really happens, perform the water test and check the result, check to see any
contamination for the water treatment equipment, chemical and the procedure.
Check the steam loading, check the operator to see if he have made any sudden load
changes before, etc..
14. Procedure of check for emergencies
15. Procedure of manually cut off a boiler
16. What is the hard scale and soft scale formed in boiler? Name the chemicals
Non-alkaline hardness scale is called hard scale which cannot be decomposed by
heating, and alkaline hardness scale is called soft scale which can be decomposed by
heating.
hard scale: calcium chlorides, calciumsulphates, calcium nitrates, magnesium
chlorides, magnesium sulphates, magnesium nitrates
soft scale : calcium bicarbonates, magnesium bicarbonates
17. What is chemical used to prevent scale forming
Phosphate (in MULTIPLUS) react with calcium and magnesium to form precipitates,
and organic polymer (in MULTIPLUS) is to condition precipitates, rendering them into
non adherent sludge, which can be easily blown out of boiler.
18. What are the sources of oil contamination of boiler water
Steam pipe damages in fuel oil tank, damage inside preheaters, contamination from
feed tank or hotwell, over lubrication of machineries, etc.
19. What will be the consequence if oil gets into boiler water
Oils (animal or vegetable oil) can decompose into boiler liberating (解放) fatty acids,
which cause corrosion.
Adhere to heating surfaces causing overheating.
It could also cause priming.
Firefighting
20. What should u do when the oil mist detector ring
We should slow the M/E immediately. Ask for the permission of stopping M/E to
prevent hot spot forming inside the M/E. Do not open the crankcase door until the
M/E is cooled down. Personnel should avoid the vicinity (附近) of crankcase relief
valves. During cooling, it is suggested to operate the turning gear to prevent the
seizure of overheat parts. Check the crankcase after the M/E is cooled.
ALL FIRE QUESTION SHOULD BE FIRST ANSWER WITH:
1. CLOSE THE COMPARTMENT DOOR
2. ACTIVATE SOUND ALARM
3. FALL IN IN MUSTER STATAION
FOR FURTHER QUESTION RELATED, REFER TO THE FOLLOWINGS
21. What will u do when the generator fire
Break the alarm. Stop the generator, cut off fuel supply.If it is suitable, portable fire
extinguisher can be used. If fire cannot be put off, turn on the local protection system
(water mist). If fire is out of control, tell C/E, and start the procedure of emitting CO2.
22. Separator room fire
Break the alarm. Stop the machine inside the separator room, cut off fuel supply. If it
is suitable, portable fire extinguisher can be used. If fire cannot be put off, turn on
the local protection system (water mist). If fire is out of control, tell C/E, and start the
procedure of emitting CO2.
23. Scavenge fire
Slow down the M/E. Cut off fuel from the affected units. Increase the amount of
cylinder oil. Close the drain of scavenge trunk. A minor fire may shortly burn out and
condition will gradually return to normal. If fire persist, ask for permission for
stopping M/E. Turn on the turning gear to prevent seizure. Scavenge extinguishing
system can be used. Do not open the door until the scavenge trunk is cooled down.
After cooling, inspection and cleaning should be done.
24. Crankcase explosive
Stop the M/E immediately. Turn on the turning gear. Do not open the door to prevent
major explosion. Wait until M/E is cooled down.
25. What should you do if there is boiler room fire
Break the alarm. Stop the machine inside the boiler room, cut off fuel supply. If it is
suitable, portable fire extinguisher can be used. If fire cannot be put off, turn on the
local protection system (water mist). If fire is out of control, tell C/E, and start the
procedure of emitting CO2.
26. What is the cause of hot spot in crankcase
Hotspot may caused by overheating of bearings, piston rod gland, turning chain, hot
combustion gas or sparks from piston blowpast in engine where no diaphragm is
fitted, or from fires in space adjacent to crankcase, such as scavenge space.
27. What is the legal maximum(min?) flash point of oil carried onboard ship
SOLAS:
Not less than 45 degrees(E. generator) ?? 43 degree (TBC)
Not less than 60 degrees (SOLAS)
28. What is the firefighting equipment on the ship
Carbon dioxide emitting system, local fire extinguishing system, water pump, hose
and hydrants, nozzle, fire alarm, portable extinguisher, smoke detector, heat detector,
flame detector.
29. Fireman outfit
Helmet, glove, jacket, trousers, boots, axe, torch, compress air cylinder, mask (BA)
30. Lifesaving equipment
Life boat, life raft, life buoy, rescue boat, EEBD, life jacket and immersion suit.
31. What is L.E.T (low explosion limit)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): The lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in
air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat)
LIMITS
NO
PROPERTIES
TEST METHODS
UNIT
MIN
MAX
ASTM
-
0.990
D-1298
Secs
400
1250
D-445 *)
°F
-
80
D-97
BTU/lb
18.000
-
D-240
5 Sulphur Content
% wt
-
3.5
D-1551/1552
6 Water Content
% vol
-
0.75
D-95
7 Sediment
% wt
-
0.15
D-473
-
Nil
1 Specific Gravity 60 /
60 °F
2 Viscosity Redwood
1/100 °F
3 Pour Point
4 Calorific Value Gross
8 Netralization Value :
- Strong Acid Number mgKOH/gr
9 Flast Point P.M.c.c
°F
150
-
D-93
10 Conradson Carbon
Residu
% wt
-
14
D-189
IP
IP 70
32. Carbon dioxide emitting procedure
Evacuate and start the alarm. Ensure no one is trapped in the engine room. Stop the
fuel unit and all equipment in the engine room in fire station. All ventilations are
closed and all opening and door are closed. After accounting personnel, inform to
master. Then the CO2 can be starting to emitted.
Open the control box door and pull the CO2 direction valve handle to acticate the gas
release.
M/E
33. Difference between 4 stroke and 2 stroke engine
The 4 strokes are known as suction, compression, power and exhaust. For the suction
stroke, piston is moving down, the exhaust valve closed and fresh air is flowed into
the cylinder. In compression stoke, both valves closed, piston up, air is then
compressed and fuel injected at the position of TDC. In the power stroke, both valves
closed, combustion takes place and force the piston down. Lastly, in the exhaust
stoke, piston up and exhaust valve open so that burnt gases could be release.
For the 2 strokes, a downward stoke is power from the internal combustion followed
by scavenging to release exhaust gases and recharge the forced fresh air into cylinder
from ports. Compression started after the piston skirt covered those ports and at the
TDC, injection takes place for the combustion.
34. What are the adv. and disadv. between 4 stroke and 2 stroke engine
The advantages of 2-stroke engine includes higher power to weight ratio and less
moving parts such as exhaust valve, however, there may be problem of fuel-air
mixture escaped with exhaust gas as there is relatively shorter time for scavenging to
take place.
The advantage of 4-stroke engine includes less chance for the fuel-air mixture
escaped, but there is a problem of low power to weight ratio.
35. If M/E operates, the relief valve of cylinder is opened, what are the reasons
Cylinder relief valve is used to release excess gas pressure from cylinder. Valve is set
to lift at normally 120 bar.
The valve will be opened when the starting air be used as brake when stopping
engine for reversal or during a crash stop. Also overloading, wrong fuel injected
timing and fuel injector leak are the reasons.
36. What will occur if cylinder liner wear out
If the cylinder liner worn out, there may be a space occur between the piston ring
and the liner, thus, blow-by of combustion gas may occur. Also, lube oil from the
crankcase may be passed into the combustion chamber.
water
The wear may increase the friction on itself with the rings. The friction increase the
temperature at that point and may cause hot spot.
37. Function of oil scraper ring
Oil scraper ring is on the piston that scrapes the excess oil off the liner wall on the
down stroke of the piston. This is done to remove excess oil from combustion
chamber to enhance a uniform oil layer formation.
38. Cause of air starting valve explosion
Continuous leaking of start valve followed by it sticking open on start. An oil film may
build up on the start air pipe due to oil dscharge from the compressor. This oil may
come from general lubrication or sticky scraper ring or from the engine room air,
With a continuous leaking valve hot gasses with unburnt fuel will enter the pipe and
turn the oil film into a hot incandescent carbon. When high pressure air is put on the
pipe line an explosion can occur with resultant high speed high pressure shock wave.
Alternately, air discharged into cylinder during starting may have an oil mist which
can ignite in a hot cylinder.
For prevention of starting air line explosion following measures to be performed:
Ensure that all safety devices fitted are working correctly
Draining of the air bottle is carried out every watch
Auto drain to be checked for proper functioning
Air compressor is well maintained to avoid oil carry over
The oil separator at discharge of the compressor is working efficiently
The starting air manifold pipe to be cleaned and check for paint deformation which
will indicate overheating of the pipe
Starting air valve to be overhauled regularly to avoid leakage
Starting air valve seat to be inspected and lapped
39. Tappet clearance adjustment
Tappet clearances are necessary to allow for thermal expansion of the valve spindle
length at working temperature, and to ensure that positive closing of the valve
continues as it wears during use.
Excessive tappet clearance will cause valve to open late and close early. This causes
noise and may eventually break the impacting surface.
Insufficient clearance will cause the valve to open early and close late. In extreme
case, it may prevent the valve from closing completely as it expands or beds.
40. What is the critical speed
When the M/E is running, torsional virbration due to varying cyclic torques built up.
There will be a natural frequency for the whole system and if the frequency of the
vibration is equal to multiple of the natural frequency, a condition of resonance is set
up. Resonance will cause unacceptable torsional vibration and stresses to be induced.
Engine speeds at which this can occur is termed critical speeds.
41. Why exhaust temperature is higher than others
1. Injection nozzle not injecting in the correct manner
2. Scavenging valves dirty or defect
3. Exhaust and/or scavenging ports dirty
4. Fire in area in front of scavenging ports or on the lower side of the piston
42. What is the different between lube oil and cylinder oil
Lube oil is used to lubricate parts in crankcase, turbocharger, exhaust valve. It forms a
film of oil between the moving parts, which reduces friction and wear. Sometimes, it
act as hydraulic oil for controlling. After lubrication, it will be collected in the sump of
engine and recycle after purifying.
Cylinder oil is only used in cylinder. It is supplied by the lubricator. As well as
lubricating, it assists in forming a gas seal and contains additives which clean the
cylinder liner. Cylinder oil will have to neutralize the acidic products of combustion.
43. What is function of lube oil in diesel engine,
It is used to lubricate the parts. It will form a oil layer to reduce the contact of air to
prevent the corrosion. It will clean the surface of the parts. It will be cooling agent of
the engine. For cylinder oil, oil will be alkaline to prevent corrosion of cylinder and
assist in forming gas seal.
44. How to main engine change heavy oil from diesel oil
1 From DO->HFO
Before changing over from DO->HFO, heat the DO in the fuel supply system to about
85 degree by manually controlling the fuel heater. The system has to be heated
slowly as rapid change in temperature could cause failure of the fuel systems such as
fuel pump plungers to stick.
Make sure the power is not to exceed 75% of the nominal power before the required
temperature of the heavy fuel oil is reached.
Then operate the fuel oil change over valve to change over to fuel supply.
Keep monitoring the temperature during heating up of the HFO.
2 From HFO->DO
Before changing over from HFO->DO, the DO in the service tank have to be heated to
about 50 degree if possible.
Make sure the power is not to exceed 75% of the nominal power.
Slowly close the steam valve of the fuel heater, which is now heating the HFO.
Change over to DO when the temperature of the HFO has dropped to 25 degree
above the temperature of the DO in service tank.
45. What is surging of turbocharger
The blower rotates and releases air at a certain angle to the diffuser vane. The angle
of the diffuser vanes are set to receive at that angle. If there is change of angle of the
air due to drop in speed, a turbulence created and pressure is exerted which causes
surging to take place.
Causes of this phenomenon could be excess dirt clog onto the air filter, air cooler,
turbine, compressor, or in the economizer. Therefore, careful cleaning of these parts
in the system could prevent the turbocharger from surging.
Also, bad weather could cause the turbocharger to surge. In bad weather, if the ship
is pitching, the load of main engine load and velocity may vary and cause the exhaust
gas vary. When the engine rpm is reduced suddenly, less amount of exhaust gas will
be produced, which means less energy is supplied to the turbine, so the rpm of it will
drop. However, due to inertia, the rpm would take some time to slow down and
during this period, the compressor continues to deliver air the build up the pressure
in the scavenge space. When the turbocharger slowed down, the air delivery
pressure in the compressor is reduced and it is lower than the pressure in the
scavenge space, so the air flow back, and the turbocharger again surge.
46. What is the function of piston ring
Piston rings are metallic seals and have the function of sealing the combustion
chamber from the crankcase and assuring the flow of heat from the piston to the
cylinder. Other functions are to prevent the oil not needed for lubrication from
passing from the crankcase to the combustion chamber and to provide a uniform oil
film on the cylinder bore surface.
47. M/E trip
Over speed trip, LO low pressure trip, jacket cooling water low pressure trip, piston
cooling ware low pressure trip, main bearing oil low pressure trip, emergency manual
trip
Pump
48. Centrifugal pump cannot discharge, what will you do
Check the discharge valve is closed or not. Check there is blockage in the discharge
side or not. Check the motor is running normally? Check the primer is in good
condition? Check the suction side is leakage? Check the impeller of the pump.
49. Cavitations of pump
In pump carrying liquids a phenomenon known as cavitation occurs. Low pressure
regions occur in the flow at points where high local velocities exists. If vaporization
occurs due to these low pressure areas then bubbles occur, these expand as they
move with the flow and collapse when they reach a high pressure region. Such
formation and collapse of bubbles is very rapid and collapse near a surface can
generate very high pressure hammer blows which result in pitting, noise, vibration,
and fall off in the pump efficiency.
50. What are the possible reasons of pump vibration and noise
Mislining of the pump and the motor, wear out of mechanical parts, chocked or
damaged impeller, viscosity of the liquid
51. What are the causes of running centrifugal bilge pump cannot lower the bilge
level
Normal running of the pump, config of the pipeline
52. How will be the current of motor if discharge of centrifugal pump shut
As centrifugal pump is not positive displacement pump, there is no work done when
the discharge side is closed. That’s why the current will be very low or tend to zero if
discharge side is closed.
A/E
53. How to parallel
First inform bridge and then check all the system in the engine side of the generator
are normal. Then start the engine and check again the parameters and running
situation immediately.
Bring the generator to be synchronized to the desired parameters, then observe the
synchroscope. The needle is moving clockwise, which means the frequency of the
incoming machine is running faster than the bus bar. When the needle point at 11
oclock position, which means the machine is nearly in phase with the bus, at this
moment, we could close the breaker.
1)
Select the incoming generator.
2)
Raise the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR*) in “manual” until the
voltage out matches the main console voltage, and then set the AVR to
automatic.
3)
Adjust the governor* to change the frequency, and make this equivalent
to the main console frequency (60 Hz).
Once this is done, the “Power
Available” light will illuminate.
4)
Check to see if the phase angle* matches the main console phase angle.
5)
Turn on the synchroscope*.
6)
Watching the synchroscope, adjust the governor until the indicator
on the synchroscope is moving at a moderate rate in the “fast” direction,
this is usually clockwise.
7)
When the synchroscope indicator is at the ten o’clock position, close
the air circuit breaker (ACB*.)

Ten o’clock is a general rule.
The goal is to have the breaker close
just as the indicator light hits twelve o’clock; if this does not
happen, the generator may run out of phase with the bus or even become
“motorized” (run backwards while trying to run normally.)
burning
out the motor.
10) Balance the true load (kilowatts) by adjusting the governors of both
generators, in order to maintain the frequency at 60 Hertz.

The electrical load will never balance perfectly; the goal is to
have the generators split the load as evenly as possible.
11) Balance the reactive load (volt-amperes) by adjusting the excitor*
voltage of both generators, in order to maintain the console voltage.
12)
The generators are now paralleled.
54. How to start diesel engine locally? What is the procedure and what should you
check
Check:
C1 LO level is correct
C2 fuel system is in running order (correct preheating, pressure, sufficient
precirculation to heat the fuel injection pumps)
C3 LT and HT cooling water systems are in running order (correct pressures,
circulating water preheated and pre-circulated sufficiently to heat the engine)
C4 starting air pressure exceeds 15 bar
C5 starting air system is drained of condensate
C6 All covers and protecting shields are to be mounted.
C7 Prelubricating oil pump is running, pressure about 0.5bar
C8 the turning hear is disengage from the flywheel
Procedure:
P1 Open indicators cocks, keep the stop lever in stop position, run engine on starting
air to eliminate risks of waterlocks
P2 Close indicator cocks, put stop lever in work position
P3 Push the start button for 2-3 seconds until engine starts firing
P4 Check immediately the pressure and temperature values are normal
55. What is protective device for main switchboard
Circuit breaker is an auto shut down device which activates during abnormal
situation such as overloading and short circuit. It opens the supply circuit from main
switchboard to isolate the consumer in question.
Over current protection, which in case of overloading of the distribution system,
removal of power supplies to non essential services on a preferential basis is done
together with the preferential trips.
The under voltage protection, (which prevent closure of the breaker by mistake or
prevent the generator that is coming on load during parallel operation) and reverse
power protection (which will release the breaker and prevent motring of alternator if
a reversal of power occurs)
Fuses are used for short circuit protection. If the current passing the fuse exceed the
safe value, the fuse material melts and isolate the system from the main
switchboard.
A/C
56. How to start air compressor
Before starting, visual check the compressor whether it is ready to work. Check the
oil level in the compressor. Check the air filter. Check whether the ambient
temperature is suitable for compressor or not.
Start the cooling system of the compressor. Open drain valve and start the
compressor. It is start to allow the machine to purge itself any accumulated moisture.
After 20s, close the drain valve. The machine is in operation.
57. What is air compressor safety device
Safety v/v at each stage, pressure gauge, thermometer, lube oil pressure trip (low
and high) , final compressed air temperature trip, motor overheat trip, oil filter.
58. If the inlet filter is choked, what will be the consequences
If the air inlet filter is choked, the air inlet pressure will be dropped. Then the
compressor needs to do more work to provide same compressed air. This will be
lower the eff. of the compressor, and may overload compressor.
59. What should you do before opening up the compressor
Visual check the compressor and pipe, any damage or broken. Check the air filter,
replace it if necessary. Check the oil level.
60. When you are watch keeping, the compressor of is long run, what are the
possible reasons
Check the pressure of the air receiver, if it is normal, that may be the problem of
automation.Stop it manually and check it. If the pressure is below the normal, check
whether the drain valve of air compressor is closed or not. Compressor will run in
unloading condition if drain is opened, this will not provide any compressed air.There
may be leakage or blockage in the compressed air pipe system. Check the pipe,
linkage, valve, air receiver. Clean or replace the air filter.
61. If the lubrication oil level is too high inside crankcase of air compressor, what will
be the consequences
If the lube oil level is too high, oil mist may be carried by the compressed air. If there
is no oil separator behind the air compressor, the oil mist will go into the compressed
air system. It will form oil layer in the pipe. It will be dangerous to have starting air
explosion. If oil mist go into the control air system, it will be dangerous to have
control crises.
Others
62. Engine log book
Engine log book is for daily record of parameter of machinery in engine room. It
includes data for ME, AE, TC, FWG, Tks and all water coolers.
Engine log book is an important document in case of accident and this gives clear
picture of the engine room working condition.
There is also remarks for the daily work in engine room and record of consumption of
fuel oil.
Main Engine
Timing of Watch (1200-1600; 1600-2000; 2000-0000)
Fuel lever settings (notches)
Speed setting of air
Engine load
Engine Revolution counter
Average rpm
Flow meter reading
Main Engine fuel consumption for 4 hours
Main Engine all units Exhaust temperature
Main Engine all units pcw & jcw temperature
Main Engine fuel oil inlet temperature
All coolers sea water inlet/outlet of air, lube oil, piston and jacket cooler temperature
Pressures
Sea water pressure
Jacket cooling water pressure
Piston cooling water pressure
Lube oil pressure (bearing, crosshead, cam shaft)
Fuel oil pressure
Air bottle pressure (1 & 2)
Turbochargers
Turbo charger rpm
Cooling water in & out temperature
Air cooler in & out temperature
Pressure drop across turbocharger air cooler filter to judge the blockage
Air temperature in and out of the turbocharger
Exhaust gas temperature in & out
Other Temperatures/Levels
Heavy oil service and settling tank temperature
Thrust bearing temperature and pressure
Stern tube temperature and pressure
Sea water temperature
Engine room temperature
Main engine sump level
RAC Units
Suction pressure and discharge pressure of refrigerent
Lube oil pressure
Lube oil suction and discharge pressure
Air inlet and outlet temperature
Compartment Temperatures
Meat room
Fish room
Vegetable room
Dairy room
Handling room
Fresh Water Generator
Jacket cooling water in & out temperature
Condensor sea water in & out temperature
Shell temperature
Vaccum pressure
Ejector pump pressure
Distillate pump pressure
Feed line pressure
Flow meter reading for fresh water
Auxilliary Machinery
Exhaust temperatures of all units
JCW temperatures of all units
Alternator forward and aft bearing temperatures
Scavenge air pressure and temperature
Air cooler in & out temperatures
Lube oil in & out temperatures
Sea water in & out temperatures
Turbo charger of auxiliary engine exhaust temperature
Tank Levels
Heavy oil service & settling tank readings
Diesel oil service & settling tank readings
Cylinder lube oil storage and Daily tank reading
Main engine crank case lube oil storage tank reading
Auxiliary engine crank case lube oil storage tank reading
Stern tube Gravity tank (high/low) tank readings
Stern tube aft & fwd seal tank level
63. Oil log book
ORB-oil record book:
Oil record book is a requirement of MARPOL Annex I and it is used to record oil
related activities to prevent and provide record for the oil related accident.
The content include ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks, discharge from fuel tanks,
collection and disposal of oil residues, disposal of bilge, condition of filtering
equipment, accidental ot other exceptional discharges of oil, bunkering and remarks.
LO record book
There is a LO record book. Operation for AE and ME, related to topping up sump oil,
onboard LO test, other LO test, change over of purifier for a particular AE is recorded.
64. Bilge discharge book
There is a folder keeping of Bilge overboard checklists, which record start and stop
time and location of OWS and other relevant information entries.
65. What should you do when you need to go into enclose place(device, procedure)
First inform seniors and captain the necessarity of the entry, after getting their
approve, I would start preparing by following the permit.
First, if necessary, isolate any related pumps and valves, then make sufficient
ventilation to the space. Then calibrate the gas testing device and test the gas to see
if it is ok for supporting human live.
Place the resuscitation and rescue equipment such as rescue lines, BA set and EEBD,
outside the entrance. Arrange a qualified person to stand by at the entrance at all
times with radio keeping contact with the man inside.
Then use the gas testing device to test the for combustible gas, oxygen (21%) level
and toxicity (H2S…?) and record data onto the checklist.
Then, after getting the signature of Responsible Officers, CO and CE, the copy of
permit have to be placed to Ships Office, Bridge, Engine control room and to the
Enclosed Space Entrance.
Then enclosed space entry could be started.
66. Steering gear departure
Before starting steering gear, visual check any damage on the pump unit, pipe system,
rotary actuator and the linkage. Check the oil level of hydraulic oil tank and refill it if
necessary.
Starting the steering gear unit, check whether the electric motor is rotating normally
or not. Run the rudder hard over to both sides to check the performance of steering
gear. The rudder should move smoothly and the max. rudder angle is obtain. Adjust
the electric end stoppers, if necessary. The rudder angle indicator reading with
respect to actual rudder angle should be checked. Check the steering time (35-0-35)
should be less than 28s. check the normal and working pressure of pump unit.
Repeat the procedure with the secondary pump.
Check the alarm on the control panel.
67. Bunkering safety
First Chief Engineer planned the target tanks and level to be bunkered, the works
allocation and time for bunkering. After the plan is signed and approved, the valves in
the fuel oil system have to be close and open according to the targeted tanks. Also,
the quick closing valves and the remote control valves should be check to ensure
proper function.
Sounding of all tanks should be performed for reference information before bunker
and before leaving the sounding tubes, make sure it is secured to prevent any
emergency leaks.
The deck scuppers should be plugged to prevent any consequences of oil spill. All the
oil spill equipment includes absorbent, pneumatic pump with air hose, big drums,
sweepers, etc. for avoiding oil spilling to sea. Also, preparation of an amplifier for
signalling the barge, radios for communication, fitting nuts and tools for fixing the
piping from the barge, as well as the fire fighting equipment for putting out fire.
After the barge is safely moored alongside, the hoses and the flange to the
connection should be bolted tightly. Double check the bunkering system valves are in
correct position and take the sampling equipment in position.
68. What will you do when you see oil on the ground
When oil is on the ground, we should clean it first to prevent danger. After that, we
should find out where oil comes from and solve the problem.
69. What is purge (boiler)
It means running the root draft blower to prevent any explosive gas accumulation in
the combustion area.
70. What is SOLAR
It is the international convention for the safety of life at sea. It is an international
marine safety treaty.
71. What is MARPOL
It means marine pollution. It consists of 6 annexes. The annex 1 is the prevention of
pollution of oil. The annex 2 is the prevention of pollution by noxious liquid
substances. The annex 3 is the prevention of pollution by harmful substance in
packaged form. The annex 4 is the prevention of pollution by sewage from ship. The
annex 5 is the prevention of pollution by garbage from ship. The annex 6 is the
prevention of air pollution from ship.
72. How to test earth
We can test earth by using voltmeter or ammeter. Put one of probes to the metal
enclosure and put other probes to the ground. If there is no voltage or current occur,
that mean the machine is earthed.
73. What is earth fault
The majority of earth faults occur within electrical equipment due to an insulation
failure or loose wire, which allows a live conductor to come into contact with its
earthed metal enclosure.
To protect against the dangers of electric shock and fire that may result from earth
faults, the metal enclosures and the other non-current carrying metal parts of
electrical equipment must be earthed.
74. How to start the oily water separator
The OWS is used for discharge bilges with oil content lower than 15ppm.
First we have to flush the OWS with sea water. Then we circulate the bilges tank to
avoid heavy dirt from blocking the operation. Then we clean the 15ppm monitor with
distilled water and the filters in the inlet part of the suction.
Then stop the pump. Following the consultation with Chief Engineer and the bridge
for permission, time and location, we started opening the overboard valve and inlet
valve following with starting of the pump.
Between, the intermediate filters located after the first stage was replaced by the
new one following by sea water flushing.
After the operation end, all valves have to be closed and the time and location have
to be recorded. Then the Oil Record Book (ORB) was completed by Second Engineer
and the checklist is to be signed by Chief Engineer.
75. What is 15 ppm
PPM is part per million, which means 1kg material contains 1mg other material.
15ppm is the max legal discharged value from the oily water separator.
76. What is bilge keel
Bilge keel is a passive stability system, it reduce the rolling of the ship by increase
hydrodynamic resistance to rolling. Bilge keel is employed in pairs, one for each side
of the ship.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilge_keel
77. What is the function of the weak link of life raft
The weak link of the life raft is to make sure the life raft deploy properly in the
emergency situation. As the ship sinks, the water pressure will activate
the hydrostatic release unit, cut the rope which secured the life raft to the deck, so
the liferaft will float free. As the ship sinks, the liferaft painter line will be stretched
and the liferaft starts to inflate. The weak link will then breaks under strong stretch
and survivors can board the floating liferaft.
78. What is ISM code and its function
ISM (International Safety Management) Code means the International Management
Code for the Safe operation of ships and for Pollution Prevention. ISM Code aims to
ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of
damage to the environment, particularly the marine environment, and to the
property. ISM emphasises on the essential ingredient of Shipping Management that,
every company should develop, implement and maintain a Safety Management
System (SMS) to the Code. But this does not mean that the code is trying to tell the
company how to go about running their business. It is up to the company how to go
about implementing the codes
79. What is the ship structure designed for reducing rolling
To reduce rolling of the ship, fin and bilge keel can be used. Fin is an activity stability
system, which can be adjust by the control system, inducing force from the water
steam to counterbalance the rolling of the ship, and it is usually equipped on a fast
moving ship.Bilge keel is a passive stability system, it reduce the rolling of the ship by
increase hydrodynamic resistance to rolling.
80. What is free surface effect & how to prevent free surface effect at ship
It is an effect occurs when the liquid moves across the tank in the direction of heel,
making the centre of gravity moves away from the centerline, reducing the righting
lever and increasing the angle of heel.
The movement of the centre of gravity has been caused by the transfer of a wedge of
liquid across the tank, so the righting lever was reduced. While the righting lever is
reduced, it is useful to assume the effect of free surface is to raise the centre of
gravity, so reducing the metacentric height of gravity.
In a design point of view, the tanks with a longitudinal centerline division can reduce
the free surface effect. Also, in practical view, pressing up tight tanks can prevent the
liquid from moving across inside tanks.
81. What is water hammer
Water hammer is a pressure surge or wave resulting when a fluid or gas in motion is
forced to stop or change direction suddenly. Water hammers commonly occur when
a valve is closed suddenly at an end of pipeline system, and a pressure wave
propagates in the pipe. Also, quick opening of the steam valve may cause water
hammer.