Richtsmeier, Anth 497D
Spring 2002
Page 1
SYLLABUS
Morphometrics
Spring 2002: Anth 497D
Time: MW 2:15-3:30
Place: Room 219 Carpenter Bldg.
Instructor: Dr. Joan Richtsmeier Phone: 863-0562
Office hours: by appointment
Email: jta10@psu.edu
Course objectives: The major objective of this course is to provide students with an
introduction to morphometric methods; the purposes and the limitations involved in studying
biological shape and shape change. Lectures and readings will be oriented at introducing the
students to the available methods. The students will learn to critically discuss, defend, and
write about ideas presented in class.
Course description: A relatively new set of methods designed to analyze biological forms in
two- and three-dimensions were developed during the 1980s and 1990s. These methods
comprise the field of geometric morphometrics. This course will provide instruction in
methods of collection and analysis of 2D and 3D data. While instruction will be given in a
lecture format, small group discussion will be encouraged, especially on topics covered in
assigned readings. Students will have the opportunity to use equipment designed for the
collection of landmark data and present their experiences to the class. A survey of
morphometric methods will be presented in lecture format and will be accompanied by
information in assigned readings. Students will use the information presented in class to
conduct two projects. The first project (see page 6) is a critical review of a paper of the
student’s choice. This review will be presented during class time and be followed by a
discussion. A written summary is not required. Finally, students will be required to analyze a
set of data using morphometric software available on the Internet, from the Richtsmeier lab or
some other source and report the results of their analyses of data to the class (see page 6). The
written component of this project is due the last day of class. There will be no final exam.
Evaluation, grading and exams: Grading is based primarily on two presentations and a data
analysis paper of moderate length (10-20 pages including references cited section. ***N.B.
longer papers do NOT necessarily receive higher grades). The paper topics are fairly broad,
and will be further discussed in class. Each presentation is worth 25% of the final grade. The
written paper is worth 25% and the remaining 25% will be calculated from class participation.
Realize that you must be present to participate. Realise also that you will have to complete all
readings to be a contributing discussant in class. I reserve the right to change and/or add
readings to the weekly assignments.
Attendance: Class attendance is mandatory. This means that absences will be taken into
account when grades are given. If you must miss a class for a University-approved curricular
or extracurricular activity, discuss this with me BEFORE you miss the class, not after. If you
are ill, you (or a less-ill roommate) should either call or email me.
Academic integrity: It pains me that I even have to include the following in my syllabus.
Richtsmeier, Anth 497D
Spring 2002
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Penn State defines academic integrity as the pursuit of scholarly activity in an open, honest and
responsible manner. All students should act with personal integrity, respect other students’
dignity, rights and property, and help create and maintain an environment in which all can
succeed by their own efforts. In this class especially, respect for each other’s ideas, history and
dignity is expected and required. My hope would be that this behavior might spill over into
your everyday (out-of-the-classroom) life. Dishonesty of any kind will not be tolerated in this
course. Dishonesty includes but is not limited to cheating, plagiarizing, fabricating information
or citations, facilitating acts of academic dishonesty by others, submitting work of another
person or work previously used without informing the instructor, or tampering with the
academic work of other students. Students who are found to be dishonest will receive
academic sanctions and will be reported to the University’s Judicial Affairs office for possible
further disciplinary sanction.
Disability Access Statement: Penn State encourages qualified people with disabilities to
participate in its programs and activities and is committed to the policy that all people shall
have equal access to programs, facilities, and admissions without regard to personal
characteristics not related to ability, performance, or qualifications as determined by University
policy or by state or federal authorities. If you anticipate needing any type of accommodation
in this course or have questions about physical access, please tell Dr. Richtsmeier as soon as
possible (i.e., TODAY).
Course Materials: Xeroxed copies or pdf versions of articles will be made available to you.
Richtsmeier, Anth 497D
Spring 2002
COURSE SCHEDULE
Class date
Reading assignment
DUE
January 8
Page 3
Class activity
Introduction; course syllabus,
decide on meeting time; A
definition of form and what we
measure, why we measure,
limitations of our analyses
Discussion of traditional
morphometrics; Lecture on data
types and data collection
Traditional morphometrics
Reading Assignment
Marcus, 1990; Olson and Miller,
chapter 1
January 10
Olson and Miller,
chapters 1; Marcus, 1990
January 14
Kowalski, 1972;
Oxnard, 1978
January 16
Thompson, D.A.
Chapter XVII. On the
theory of
Transformations, or the
comparison of related
forms
Cheverud et al., 1983
Cheverud et al., 1991
Deformation techniques: what
was Thompson trying to do?
Yarroch, 1996
Singh et al., 1999
Ponce de Leon &
Zollickofer, 2001
O’Higgins and Dryden,
1992
Merow and Broadbent in
Enlow, 1990
Moyers and Bookstein,
1979
Thin plate splines
Summary of Deformation
methods
Introduction to superimposition
methods
Boas, 1905
Cole, 1996
Chapman, 1990a
Chapman, 1990b
Boas, 1905
Cole, 1996
Chapman, 1990a
Chapman, 1990b
Rohlf and Slice, 1990
Siegel and Benson, 1982
Richtsmeier et al., 1998
Procrustes analysis
Rohlf and Slice, 1990
Siegel and Benson, 1982
Procrustes analysis (some more)
Richtsmeier et al., 1998
Linear distance based methods
Zumpano, 1999
Read and Lestrel, 1986
Zumpano, 1999
Read and Lestrel, 1986
More on EDMA
Limitations of landmark data
Introduction to outline methods
January 21
January 23
January 28
January 30
February 4
February 6
February 11
Finite element scaling analysis
Kowalski, 1972
Oxnard, 1978
Thompson, D.A. Chapter XVII.
On the theory of Transformations,
or the comparison of related forms
Cheverud et al., 1983
Cheverud et al., 1991
Yarroch, 1996
Singh et al., 1999
Ponce de Leon & Zollickofer, 2001
O’Higgins and Dryden, 1992
Merow and Broadbent in Enlow, 1990
Moyers and Bookstein, 1979
Ferrario et al, 1995
Ferrario et al., 1999
Richtsmeier, Anth 497D
Spring 2002
Page 4
February 13
Ferrario et al, 1995
Fourier analysis
MacLeod, 2002
February 18
MacLeod and Rose, 1993
Eigenshape analysis
February 20
Jungers et al, 1995
Oxnard, 1978
Mosimann and James,
1979
Words we abuse: size and shape
Jungers et al, 1995
Oxnard, 1978
Mosimann and James, 1979
Assignment will be given by student(s)
presenting February 25
February 25
February 27
March 4- 8
March 13
March 20
Kohn and Cheverud,
1992;
Richtsmeier et al., 1995
Valeri et al., 1998
NO CLASS
March 25
Wagner, 1989
March 27
Reread: Moyers and
Bookstein
April 1
Reread: Moyers and
Bookstein
Lele, 1999
Cohen in Harlow et al
1997
Abelson in Harlow et al
1997
April 3
April 8
Assignment will be given by student(s)
presenting February 27
The real reason why we use
quantitative methods: to
understand function, growth,
phylogeny or other biological
processes
The real reason why we use
quantitative methods: to
understand function, growth,
phylogeny or other biological
processes
Measurement error
Precision, accuracy, validity,
repeatability
Assignment will be given by student(s)
presenting March 13
NO CLASS
NO CLASS (yippie!)
What are we comparing anyway?
Homology in morphometrics
Invariance; Nuisance parameters;
Minimization criteria
Reread: Moyers and Bookstein
Invariance and models in
morphometrics
Cohen in Harlow et al 1997
Abelson in Harlow et al 1997
Assignment will be given by student
presenting March 11
SPRING BREAK
March 11
March 18
The real reason why we use
quantitative methods: to
understand function, growth,
phylogeny or other biological
processes
The real reason why we use
quantitative methods: to
understand function, growth,
phylogeny or other biological
processes
Kohn and Cheverud, 1992
Richtsmeier et al., 1995
Valeri et al., 1998
Wagner, 1989
Lele, 1999
More on statistical
models;Testing a null hypothesis
Special topics: asymmetry,
growth
To be assigned Possible assignment
from presenter for April 16
Richtsmeier, Anth 497D
Spring 2002
April 10
April 15
April 17
April 22
April 24
NO CLASS
Page 5
NO CLASS
NO CLASS (yippie!)
Student presentation (presenter’s
written paper is due April 25)
Student presentation (presenter’s
written paper is due April 25)
Student presentation (presenter’s
written paper is due April 25)
Student presentation (presenter’s
written paper is due April 25)
Possible assignment from presenter for
April 18
Possible assignment from presenter for
April 23
Possible assignment from presenter for
April 25
Richtsmeier, Anth 497D
Spring 2002
Page 6
Oral assignments:
#1 To be delivered during class on February 25,27, March 11, 13. The student will pick and article
from the bibliography or from other sources and will provide a journal club-like presentation of that
article. I must approve the article. The student should use knowledge gained from class and other
outside reading to provide an insightful, critical appraisal of the chosen article. The presenter can give
a reading assignment to the class for that day if he/she chooses. The deadline for choosing your article
is January 30.
#2 To be delivered during class on April 15, 17, 22 or 24. This presentation will consist of the research
project that the student has conducted during the semester (see description under Writing assignment
below). The presenter can give a reading assignment to the class for that day if he/she chooses. The
deadline for deciding on your project is February 20.
Writing assignment/ class project:
This project is due on the day after the last day of class, that is on April 25. During the first part of the
course you will introduced to several methods currently used and to the type of data used by these
methods. Your class project requires that you collect 2D or 3D data from a sample of objects (if you do
not have access to anything interesting, I have specimens in my lab) and conduct a morphometric study;
usually consisting of a comparison between known groups but the topic is fairly open. I will discuss
this in detail during the first class period but you will probably need to see me individually in order to
design and decide on a project.
Richtsmeier, Anth 497D
Spring 2002
Page 7
Bibliography (limited and biased) of methods and applications
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in the developmental choreographies of the mouse mandible to selection for body
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change, and genetic correlation structure in the rodent mandible. Syst. Biol, 41(2):196221, 1992.
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Spring 2002
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Bailey, D. Genes that affect the shape of the murine mandible: congenic strain analysis. J.
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Spring 2002
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Casella, G., and Berger, R.L. Statistical inference. Belmont, CA: Duxury Press, 1990.
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Cheverud, J.; Hartman, S.; Richtsmeier, J.; and Atchley, W. A quantitative genetic analysis of
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