PETROLEUM GEOLOGICAL SUMMARY
RELEASE AREAS W11-2 AND W11-3,
SCOTT PLATEAU, BROWSE BASIN,
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Bids Close – 12 April 2012

Under-explored, offshore frontier adjacent to a major gas fields
undergoing commercialisation.

The Torosa, Brecknock and Caliance fields (Browse LNG
Development) contain a combined contingent resource of 13.3 Tcf of
dry gas and 360 MMbbls of condensate.

Potential plays include Triassic–Jurassic fault blocks, inversion
anticlines and Cretaceous submarine fans.

Evidence of an active petroleum system from seepage surveys and
from regional subsidence and thermal history modelling.

Release Areas covered by extensive open file and non-exclusive 2D
seismic datasets.
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
Page 1 of 13
LOCATION
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3 are located approximately 380 km northnorthwest of Broome, Western Australia and lie mainly on the under-explored
Scott Plateau in water depths ranging from 1000 to 3500 m (Figure 1). The
plateau covers an area in excess of 63,000 km2 and contains up to 4 km of
Carboniferous to Cenozoic rocks overlying ?Paleozoic and older basement
(Stagg and Exon, 1981; Hoffman and Hill, 2004).
Release Area W11-2 comprises 125 full graticular blocks with a total area of
approximately 10,370 km2 (Figure 2).
Release Area W11-3 comprises 90 full graticular blocks with a total area of
approximately 7,455 km2 (Figure 2).
The Torosa, Brecknock and Calliance gas fields on the western edge of the
Caswell Sub-basin lie less than 20 km east of Release Area W11-2. The only
well drilled in the Release Areas is Warrabkook 1, drilled by BHP Billiton
Petroleum Pty. Ltd in W11-3 during 2008 (Figure 1).
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
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RELEASE AREA GEOLOGY
Local Tectonic Setting
The Scott Plateau is a northeasterly trending, subsided marginal plateau lying
along the western edge of the Browse Basin. The plateau is underlain by the
Scott and Seringapatam sub-basins, the boundaries of which are poorly
defined. The Scott Plateau is bounded to the east by a major north to northnortheast-trending structural zone, the Buffon–Scott Reef–Brecknock
Anticlinal Trend which separates the plateau from the Caswell Sub-basin. The
Barcoo Sub-basin lies to the south east, the Roebuck Basin to the south, the
Argo Abyssal Plain to the northwest and the Ashmore Platform lies to the
northeast (Figure 3) (Hocking et al, 1994, figure 14).
Structural Evolution and Depositional History of the Scott Plateau
Published work on the stratigraphy, structural evolution and depositional
history of the Scott Plateau is limited and the stratigraphy presented here is
inferred from the more highly explored areas to the east (Figure 4).
Reference material specific to the Scott Plateau includes that by Stagg (1978)
and Stagg and Exon (1981), who present a general geological overview of the
region, while a detailed interpretation of the post-Callovian structural and
stratigraphic evolution is provided by Hoffman and Hill (2004).
Struckmeyer et al (1998) identifies six major tectonic phases in the Browse
Basin:
1.
Mississippian to Cisuralian (late Carboniferous – early Permian)
extension (Extension 1)
2.
Cisuralian to Late Triassic thermal subsidence (Thermal Subsidence 1)
3.
Late Triassic to Early Jurassic inversion (Inversion 1)
4.
Early to Middle Jurassic extension (Extension 2)
5.
Late Jurassic to Cenozoic thermal subsidence (Thermal Subsidence 2)
6.
Middle Miocene to Holocene inversion (Inversion 2)
The half-graben configuration of the Browse Basin during Mississippian to
Cisuralian extension resulted in the compartmentalisation of the basin into the
distinct sub-basins (Symonds et al, 1994; Blevin et al, 1998; Struckmeyer et
al, 1998). Structures resulting from this extensional event controlled the
location of subsequent reactivation events and the distribution and nature of
the sedimentary fill (Struckmeyer et al, 1998). The Permo-Triassic thermal
subsidence (sag) phase was terminated by compressional reactivation in the
Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, resulting in partial inversion of Paleozoic halfgraben and the formation of large scale anticlinal and synclinal features within
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
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their hanging walls, for example the Buffon–Scott Reef–Brecknock Anticlinal
Trend. The Carboniferous section in the Browse Basin is dominated by fluviodeltaic sediments, while the Cisuralian sediments (mainly limestones and
shales) were deposited in a marine environment. The remaining Permian
section consists of sandstones grading into shales and limestones. Overlying
Triassic rocks include fluvial and marginal to shallow-marine sandstones,
limestones and shales (Kennard et al, 2004).
Early to Middle Jurassic extension resulted in widespread small-scale faulting
and the collapse of the Triassic anticlines throughout the Browse Basin. On
the Scott Plateau, initial deposition in the Seringapatam Sub-basin failed to
keep pace with subsidence, resulting in a local tectonic deep with rapid
sediment influx and ponding. This sediment trap isolated the Scott Sub-basin
from sediment sources to the east (Hoffman and Hill, 2004).
The present day geometry of the Scott Plateau had been established by the
end of the Jurassic (Hoffman and Hill, 2004). Significant down faulting
continued in the Seringapatam Sub-basin, trapping a thick accumulation of
deep-water sediments, including clastic submarine fans (Hoffman and Hill,
2004). Low sedimentation rates continued on the deepwater platform (Scott
Sub-basin) where a thin Lower Jurassic sequence is interpreted.
Post-Jurassic deposition was in a deepwater setting. Initial sedimentation was
confined to the Seringapatam Sub-basin, extending across the entire
deepwater basin during the Cretaceous. Sedimentation was slow, failing to
keep pace with steady regional thermal subsidence until the late Miocene,
when an increase in subsidence was matched by increased sediment supply
from the adjacent shelf margin (Hoffman and Hill, 2004), resulting in the
deposition of a 1 km thick wedge of sediment which thins toward the west
(Figure 5).
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
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EXPLORATION HISTORY
The Caswell Sub-basin and Leveque and Yampi shelves lie east of the
Release Areas in shallow to intermediate water depths. These areas are well
explored and host significant discoveries of gas, condensate and to a lesser
extent, oil. While exploration permits have been held over parts of the Scott
Plateau in the past (Willis, 1988, figure 4) little exploration had been carried
out until 2000 when BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty. Ltd. (BHPB) was award five
permits (WA-301-P, WA-302-P, WA-303-P, WA-304-P and WA-305-P) over
the Scott Plateau.
Well Control
A single well, Warrabkook 1 has been drilled in Release Area W11-3 and
while Release Area W11-2 is untested it lies adjacent to the Torosa,
Brecknock and Calliance gas fields (Figure 2).
Warrabkook 1 (2008)
Warrabkook 1 was drilled in approximately 1515 m of water by BHP Billiton
Petroleum Pty. Ltd. (2008). This well was the first test of the Scott Plateau and
underlying Scott Sub-basin. The primary exploration objective was to evaluate
hydrocarbon prospectivity of the Cretaceous intra-Jamieson Formation
sandstones within a four-way closure. The secondary objective was to
determine the presence of Plover Formation beneath Callovian volcanics
within a large Jurassic fault block. The well intersected shales and limestones
of Barremian–Hauterivian age above about 430 m of volcanoclastics before
terminating at a total depth of 3492 mMDRT. The well was plugged and
abandoned as a dry hole. Interpretative data for this well is currently
confidential.
Scott Reef 1 (1971)
Scott Reef 1 was drilled by Burmah Oil Co of Aust Ltd. (1971) to test the
arcuate Triassic structural high associated with the Buffon–Scott Reef–
Brecknock Anticlinal Trend. The well was drilled in 50 m of water and reached
a total depth of 4740 mRT. It encountered a gas/condensate column within
fluvio-deltaic sands of the Lower–Middle Jurassic Plover Formation, and
sandy dolostones of the Upper Triassic Nome Formation. Gas flows of
278,000–515,000 m3/day were recorded from drill stem tests (DST), and were
accompanied by 49-54°API gravity condensate (Willis, 1988).
Brecknock 1 (1979)
Brecknock 1 was drilled by Woodside Petroleum Development Pty. Ltd.
(1979) to test a broad, elongate anticline formed by drape of Lower–Middle
Jurassic sediments over an eroded Triassic high (a continuation of the
Buffon–Scott Reef–Brecknock Anticlinal Trend). The well was drilled in 544 m
of water approximately 43 km south-southwest of Scott Reef 1 and reached a
total depth of 4,300 mRT. A 77 m gross gas/condensate column
(petrophysical interpretation indicated a net gas pay of 68 m; Willis, 1988) was
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
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encountered in fair quality (average porosity 15%) Lower–Middle Jurassic
sands of the Plover Formation. Gas and 45°API condensate were recovered
from Repeat Formation Test (RFT) samples. A DST tested the water zone
and flowed at 2,016 bwpd (320.5 m3/day).
North Scott Reef 1 (1982)
North Scott Reef 1 was drilled by Woodside Offshore Petroleum Pty. Ltd.
(1982) to test the northern extent of the gas/condensate field discovered in
Scott Reef 1. The well was drilled in 442 m of water and reached a total depth
of 4,771 mRT. It encountered a 250 m gross gas column with gas down to
(GDT) 4,291 mSS within Lower Jurassic sandstones. A DST recorded a
maximum gas flow rate of 1,275,000 m3/day (Willis, 1988).
Brecknock South 1 (2000)
Brecknock South 1 was drilled by Woodside Energy Ltd (2001), approximately
19 km south-southwest of Brecknock 1, to test Lower–Middle Jurassic Plover
Formation sandstones in a prospect with four-way dip closure below the
Callovian unconformity. The well was sited on the crest to ensure penetration
of the maximum gas column and intersection of the main reservoir interval
within structural closure in an area free of structural uncertainty and with a
good acoustic impedance response. Brecknock South 1 reached a total depth
of 4,008 mRT, and intersected a 134 m gross gas/condensate column in good
quality reservoir of the Plover Formation as predicted. The gas-water contact
(GWC) was encountered at 3,944.4 mRT. The well was plugged and
abandoned as a gas/condensate discovery.
Calliance/Brecknock/Torosa Field Development (Browse LNG Development)
Evaluation of the gas accumulations along the Buffon–Scott Reef–Brecknock
Anticlinal Trend continued through 2005–2009 with the drilling of the
extension/appraisal wells Torosa 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (discovery wells Scott
Reef 1 and North Scott Reef 1), Brecknock 2, 3 and 4, and Calliance 1, 2
and 3 (discovery well Brecknock South 1). The Torosa, Brecknock and
Calliance fields contain an estimated combined contingent resource of
13.3 Tcf of dry gas and 360 MMbbls of condensate (Woodside, 2010). The
Browse LNG Development, operated by Woodside Energy Ltd in joint venture
with BHP Billiton (North West Shelf) Pty Ltd, BP Developments Australia Pty
Ltd., Chevron Australia Pty Ltd and Shell Development Australia Pty Ltd.,
proposes to produce gas from the fields to supply an onshore LNG processing
facility to be located at James Price Point, 60 km north of Broome. The initial
development is based on the Brecknock and Calliance fields, followed by the
phased development of Torosa (Woodside, 2010).
For further details regarding wells and available data follow this link:
http://www.ret.gov.au/Documents/par/data/documents/Data%20list/data%20li
st_scottplateau_AR11.xls
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
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Data Coverage
The Release Areas are well covered by modern 2D seismic in addition to
gravity and magnetics and other exploration data. To view image of seismic
coverage follow this link: http://www.ga.gov.au/energy/projects/acreagerelease-and-promotion/2011.html#data-packages
After being awarded five permits over the Scott Plateau in July 2000, BHPB
embarked on a series of data acquisition programs. Initially, the study
involved the collection of 2D seismic data and the acquisition and
interpretation of 12 SAR scenes from RadarSat. The seismic survey
(HBR2000A) consisted of 18,134 km of data over 302 lines across all five
permits, line spacing was 1–15 km (line density is greatest to the NE) (BHP
Billiton Petroleum Pty. Ltd., 2003). Ten seconds of seismic reflection data was
acquired and data quality is excellent with good frequency content to the
target interval of 3–5 secondsTWT. In addition to the seismic data,
17,740 line km of gravity and 17,230 line km magnetic data were also
acquired.
Based on the initial survey results, the HBR2001B survey conducted by Ball
AIMS collected 25,000 line km of airborne hyperspectral (using the CASI
sensor) and aeromagnetic data (Ball AIMS, 2002 and BHP Billiton Minerals
Technology, 2004). Interpreted locations and areas of potential hydrocarbon
seepage were then selected for a multibeam bathymetric survey (HBR2001C)
covering an area of 9,500 km2 with a grid resolution of 35–60 m, depending on
water depth (BHP Billiton Petroleum Pty. Ltd., 2002a). The final part of the
program involved the collection of 400 sea bed piston cores for geochemical
analysis (head space gas and hydrocarbon biomarker analysis) and 33
temperature probes by TDI-Brooks (HBR2002A) (Logan et al, 2008). The
results of the study have not been published but all data and reports
generated as part of this program have been deposited at Geoscience
Australia under the Petroleum (Submerged Lands) Act 1967.
The Release Areas also fall within the boundaries of the PGS New Dawn
MultiClient 2D seismic, gravity and magnetic survey (PGS, 2010) and the
North West Shelf Digital Atlas (2010). The Release Areas are also covered by
lines from the Vampire 2D Non-exclusive seismic survey, scheduled to be
acquired in late 2010 by Searcher Seismic (2010).
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
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PETROLEUM SYSTEMS AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL
Table 1: Petroleum Systems Elements Summary
Aptian–Cenomanian Jamison Formation
Valanginian–Aptian Echuca Shoals Formation
Sources
Upper Jurassic Vulcan Formation
Lower–Middle Jurassic Plover Formation
Cretaceous – Echuca Shoals and Puffin formations
Reservoirs
Seals
Jurassic – Plover and Vulcan formations
The regional seal in the Browse Basin are provided by the
Lower Cretaceous Echuca Shoals Formation and by the Upper
Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Vulcan Formation.
Untested structural plays lie in ?Permian, Triassic and Jurassic
fault blocks and inversion structures
Play Types
Cretaceous submarine fans (Echuca Shoals and Puffin
formations) are potential stratigraphic plays
The Scott Plateau has been tested by a single well (Warrabkook 1) and
insufficient data exists to confirm the presence of active petroleum systems in
this part of the Browse Basin. However, regional studies by Geoscience
Australia and others, recent exploration activities and comparisons with the
petroleum systems in adjacent Caswell and Barcoo sub-basins indicate the
potential of this under-explored region (Figure 6).
High quality source rocks, developed in Jurassic rift settings are well known
on the North West Shelf. Several models presented by Hoffman and Hill
(2004) for the structural development of the Scott Plateau, infer shallow-water
source rocks (Plover Formation) may have developed during the pre- and
early-rift stages, while thick syn- to immediately post-rift sequences (Vulcan
Formation) may also have been deposited in the Late Jurassic restricted
marine depocentres. Regional subsidence and thermal history modelling by
Kennard et al (2004) suggests that if source rocks are present, oil and gas
was expelled from the Jurassic rift depocentres on the Scott Plateau during
the late Cenozoic and the results of BHP Billiton’s HBR 2002A Seabed Coring
Survey (BHP Billiton Petroleum, 2002b) imply Plover and Vulcan Formation
source rocks are mature in this region. Significantly, elevated Grains with Oil
Inclusions (GOI) results from North Scott Reef 1, Scott Reef 2A and
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
Page 8 of 13
Brecknock 1 may also be evidence of an early oil charge from the adjacent
Seringapatam Sub-basin (Kennard et al, 2004).
The dramatic increase in subsidence and sediment loading in the Miocene
buried the Jurassic sequences on the Scott Plateau to depths of about 3 km,
which should have been sufficient to mature any source rocks. The Cenozoic
overburden thins to the west which may increase the chance of porosity
preservation in Jurassic and Cretaceous reservoirs.
Hoffman and Hill (2004) identified a range of possible plays on the Scott
Plateau, including Triassic–Jurassic fault blocks and inversion anticlines. In
addition, submarine fans in the Echuca Shoals and Puffin formations may be
potential stratigraphic plays.
Critical Risks
The location of the Release Areas in deep water on the outer margin of the
Browse Basin, coupled with the lack of stratigraphic control and published
science, clearly mark this region as an exploration frontier and subject to the
suite of risks associated with exploring in such areas. No sand was recorded
in Warrabkook 1, this lack of an obvious reservoir poses a significant risk for
the Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous plays in the region. Also, Warrabkook 1
recorded Lower Cretaceous limestones and shales above volcanoclastics in
its basal section, which may indicate Upper Jurassic source rocks are not
developed in the area. However, the well did not test Lower Jurassic Plover
Formation, the major petroleum system in the Browse Basin and host of the
significant gas discoveries on the adjacent Buffon–Scott Reef–Brecknock
Anticlinal Trend.
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
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FIGURES
Figure 1:
Location map of Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3 on the Scott
Plateau, Browse Basin.
Figure 2:
Graticular block map and graticular block listings for Release
Areas W11-2 and W11-3, in the Scott Plateau, Browse Basin.
Figure 3:
Structural Elements of the Scott Plateau with location of
seismic cross-section shown in Figure 5.
Figure 4:
Tectonostratigraphic summary and hydrocarbon discoveries for
the western Browse Basin, based on the Browse Basin
Biozonation and Stratigraphy Chart (Nicoll et al, 2009) and tied
to the Geologic Time Scale 2004 (Gradstein et al, 2004).
Formation boundaries and unconformity bounded sequences
defined by Blevin et al (1997).
Figure 5:
Composite seismic section of AGSO lines 119/06 and 128/01
through Brecknock 1. Location of the section is shown in
Figure 3. Regional seismic horizons are shown in Figure 4.
Figure 6:
Conceptual petroleum systems and plays of the Browse Basin
(after Keall and Smith, 2004).
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
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REFERENCES
BALL AIMS, 2002—Final Report, Outer Browse Hyperspectral Survey
(HBR2001B), Unpublished.
BHP BILLITON MINERALS TECHNOLOGY, 2004—Aeromagnetic survey
HBR2001B, Interpretation Report, Outer Browse Basin Permits WA301P, WA302P, WA-303P, WA-304P and WA-305P, Offshore NW Western Australia,
Unpublished.
BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM PTY LTD., 2002a—Outer Browse Remote
Sensing and Seabed Coring, Overview of Surveys and Results, Unpublished.
BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM PTY LTD., 2002b—HBR2002A, Seabed Coring
Survey, Interpretation Report, Outer Browse Basin, Unpublished.
BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM PTY LTD., 2003—HBR2000A, 2D Seismic
Survey, Interpretation Report, Unpublished.
BHP BILLITON PETROLEUM PTY LTD., 2008—Warrabkook-1, WA-303-P,
Well Completion Report, Basic Data Volume, Unpublished.
BLEVIN, J.E., BOREHAM, C.J., SUMMONS, R.E., STRUCKMEYER, H.I.M.
AND LOUTIT, T.S., 1998—An effective Lower Cretaceous petroleum system
on the North West Shelf: evidence from the Browse Basin. In: Purcell, P.G.
and Purcell, R.R. (eds), The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 2:
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Perth, 1998, 397–420.
BLEVIN, J.E., STRUCKMEYER, H.I.M., CATHRO, D.L., TOTTERDELL, J.M.,
BOREHAM, C.J., ROMINE, K.K., LOUTIT, T.S. AND SAYERS, J., 1997—
Browse Basin high resolution study, interpretation report, North West Shelf,
Australia. AGSO Record 1997/38.
BURMAH OIL CO OF AUSTRALIA LTD, 1971—Scott Reef No. 1, Well
Completion Report, Unpublished.
GRADSTEIN, F.M., OGG, J.G., SMITH, A.G., AGTERBERG, F.P., BLEEKER,
W., COOPER, R.A., DAVYDOV, V., GIBBARD, P., HINNOV, L., HOUSE,
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AND WILSON, D., 2004—A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge University
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HOCKING, R.M., MORY, A.J. AND WILLIAMS, I.R., 1994—An atlas of
Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic basins of Western Australia. In: Purcell, P.G.
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Release Area Geology
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and Purcell, R.R. (eds), The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia:
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HOFFMAN, N., AND HILL, K.C., 2004—Structural-stratigraphic evolution and
hydrocarbon prospectivity of the deep-water Browse Basin, North West Shelf,
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Petroleum Geoscience. Proceedings of the Timor Sea Symposium, Darwin,
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KEALL, J.M. AND SMITH, P.J., 2004—The Argus-1 gas discovery, northern
Browse Basin, Australia. In: Ellis, G.K., Baillie, P.W. and Munson, T.J. (eds),
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KENNARD, J.M., DEIGHTON, I., RYAN, D., EDWARDS, D.S. AND
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LOGAN, G. A., JONES, A. T., RYAN, G. J. WETTLE, M., THANKAPPAN, M.,
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2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
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Release Area Geology
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South-1, Interpretive Data, WA-33-P, Browse Basin, Unpublished.
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No. 1, Well Completion Report, WA-33-P, Volume 2, Interpretation and
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Front page image courtesy of Petroleum Geo-Services.
2011 Release of Australian Offshore Petroleum Exploration Areas
Release Areas W11-2 and W11-3, Scott Plateau, Browse Basin, Western
Australia
Release Area Geology
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