Grammar II Oral Exam Items
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Auxiliary verbs: primary vs. modal auxiliaries
Enumerate and give examples of non-finite verbal forms
The all-inclusive present vs. the real/actual and the general present
The Indefinite Present Tense used to indicate the all-inclusive present time
The Indefinite Present Tense used for the real present
The Indefinite Present Tense used for a past action
The Indefinite Present Tense used for a future action
The Progressive Present Tense used for the real/actual present
The Progressive Present Tense used for the general present
The Progressive Present Tense used for repeated activities
The Progressive Present Tense used with always and its synonyms
The Progressive Present Tense used for developing situations and for future actions
The difference between the indefinite and progressive form
Verbs not used in the progressive form: stative verbs
The Indefinite Past Tense
The Progressive Past Tense used a) for actions in progress at a given moment of past time, b) at the time when another
past action happened
The Progressive Past Tense used: a) for coextensive actions, b) with: between ... and ...; from ... to/till ..., etc. c) with:
last night, last year, etc.
The Progressive Past Tense used a) to indicate a more casual, less deliberate action, b) to make something seem less
important, c) to indicate the beginning of an activity.
The Progressive Past Tense used a) to indicate alternate activities, b) in polite enquiries, c) for repeated actions, d) explain
the difference between Did you hear about ...? – Yes, Jane was telling me/told me about it.
The Modal Past Tense: a) in conditional clause, b) after the verb wish and after if only.
The Modal Past Tense after: a) as if and as though, b) it is (high/about time).
The Modal Past Tense: a) after the phrase would/had rather/sooner, b) in main clauses, c) the modal past tense and the
sequence of tenses
The meaning of the subjunctive; the form of the present and the past subjunctive; the form of the negative subjunctive
The Present Subjunctive: a) the form, b) time reference, c) in poetry and in elevated prose
The Present Subjunctive in set/fixed phrases
The Present Subjunctive in that clauses
The Present Subjunctive in adverbial clauses
The Past Subjunctive
Other ways of expressing the subjunctive mood
The Imperative: the form
The Imperative: uses
Uses of the imperative with DO
The subject in imperative sentences
The imperative with question tags
The perfect tenses: form and time reference
The Indefinite Present Perfect
The Progressive Present Perfect
The Present Perfect vs. The Past Tense with regard to time expressions
The Indefinite Past Perfect
The Progressive Past Perfect
The Modal Past Perfect
The Indefinite Future Tense
The Progressive Future Tense
The BE + TO-INFINITIVE structure
The GOING TO + INFINITIVE structure
The Indefinite Future Perfect and The Progressive Future Perfect
The Passive Voice: form and the uses of the tenses in the passive voice
Verbs used in the passive voice
The passive for focus and the use of by + agent after a passive
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The Passive Voice with verbs denoting knowledge, judgement, belief ...
The Passive Voice with modal verbs, with the –ing form and the to-infinitive
The use of the passive voice
The use of abbreviated passive constructions: wishes, preferences, headlines, advertisemnets, notices; the use of the
passive in formal notices and announcements
The get-passive
The causative have/get
Question tags: form (basic information); negatives: full forms; meaning and intonation; requests
Question tags (advanced points): the question tag for I am; let’s; there; negative words; this and that
Question tags: nothing, nobody, somebody; non-auxiliary have; ellipsis
’Same-way’ question tags (see additional comments)