Activities in 2009
Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious
Diseases in Veterinary Medicine
Prof. Sándor Belák & Dr. Karl Ståhl
Joint Research and Development Division of Departments of Virology of the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) and
of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)
Travvägen 22, 751 89 Uppsala, SWEDEN
Tel.: (0046-18) 674 000, Fax: (0046-18) 674 669
E-mail address: sandor.belak@sva.se; web page: www.sva.se/oie-cc
Summary of activities specifically related to the mandate of
the OIE Collaborating Centre
During 2008 the OIE Biological Standard Commission accepted a request to extend our mandate as an
OIE Collaborating Centre at the National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala to include the Swedish
University of Veterinary Science (SLU) as a partner, as indicated in the letter of the 3 October 2008,
signed by Dr Bernard Vallat, Director General of the OIE.
The activities of the Collaborating Centre are managed by the OIE CC Board, which includes scientists
from various departments of SVA and SLU. Board members 2009 are: Prof. Sándor Belák (chairman,
director of OIE CC, SVA and SLU), Prof. Anders Engvall (Director General, SVA), Dr. Anna Aspán
(bacteriology, SVA), Dr Mikael Berg (virology, SLU), Dr. Viveka Båverud (bacteriology, SVA), Dr. Jens
Mattsson (virology, bacteriology and immunobiology, SVA), Mr. Mats Isaksson (virology, SVA), and Dr.
Karl Ståhl (scientific secretary of OIE CC, virology and molecular epidemiology, SVA and SLU).
1.
Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques
within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE
Research in the frame of EU projects
The Collaborating Centre is currently conducting research and training in eight EU projects that include tasks on
the improvement of molecular and “on site” diagnostics, development of new methods for improved food safety,
as well as the international harmonisation and standardisation of the diagnostic procedures. The work is performed
at the Joint Research and Development Division of Departments of Virology of the National Veterinary Institute
(SVA, http://www.sva.se/) and of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU, http://www.slu.se/), in
close collaboration with the other departments at SVA. Further local collaborators are the Department of
Pathology, SVA, Svanova Biotech AB, Olink AB, the Section of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical
Sciences, as well as the Department of Genetics and Pathology/Molecular Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala,
Sweden. Internationally, the collaborators are the large consortia of the ongoing EU projects, representing a very
wide network of animal health issues over Europe and other continents (see below). The collaboration is active
also with our sister Collaborating Centre at IAEA in Vienna: the “OIE Collaborating Centre for ELISA and
Molecular Technologies in Animal Disease Diagnosis”.
Recently closed project, results are continuously obtained, dissemination is ongoing, website is regularly
updated:
QLK2-CT-2000-00486: Development, standardisation and harmonisation of novel multiplex nucleic acid tests for
the detection of economically important viruses of farm animals. Acronym: MULTIPLEX PCR (2000-2004).
Web address: http://www.multiplex-eu.org/
Role: Co-ordinator
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
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Collaborating Centre for Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine
SSP3-513 645: New and emerging technologies: improved laboratory and on-site detection of OIE List A viruses
in animals and animal products. Acronym: LAB-ON-SITE (2004-2008).
Web address: http://www.labonsite.com/
Role: Co-ordinator
SSP1- 501599: Epidemiology and control of classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar and potential use of a newly
developed live marker vaccine. Acronym: CSFVACCINE & WILDBOAR (2004-2007).
Web address: http://www.csfvaccine.org/
Role: Partner
Food-CT-2004-506122: Network for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses. Acronym: MED-VET-NET (20042009).
Web address: http://www.medvetnet.com/
Role: Partner
Ongoing projects:
Food-CT-2005-007081: Development of cost-effective control and prevention strategies for emerging and future
foodborne pathogenic microorganisms throughout the food chain. Acronym: PATHOGEN COMBAT (20052010).
Web address: http://www.pathogencombat.com:80/
Role: Partner (SLU)
FOOD-CT-2006-016236: Network of Excellence for Epizootic Disease Diagnosis and Control. Acronym:
EPIZONE (2006-2009).
Web address: http://www.epizone-eu.net/
Role: Partner
SSP5-044429: Improved Diagnosis and Early Warning Systems for Avian Influenza Outbreak Management.
Acronym: FLUTEST (2007-2010).
Web address: http://www.flu-test.eu
Role: Partner
SSPE-044212: International training course in molecular diagnostics of influenza virus directed towards INCO
countries. Acronym FLUTRAIN (2007-2011)
Web address: http://www.flutrain.eu
Role: Partner
SSP5-044266: The EU, China and South East Asia Dialog for the Development of Research Areas in Animal
Health of Mutual Interest. Acronym: ASEMDialog (2007-2009)
Role: Partner
SSP5-04462: Capacity building for the control of Avian influenza through technology transfer and training
directed towards INCO countries. Acronym: ConFluTech (2007-2010)
Web address:http://www.conflutech.net
Role: Partner
KBBE-2007-1-3-05: Evaluating and controlling the risk of African swine fever in the EU. Acronym: ASFRISK
(2008-2011)
Web address: http://www.asfrisk.eu/
Role: Partner
KBBE-2008-1-3-03: Improve tools and strategies for the prevention and control of classical swine fever.
Acronym: CSF_goDIVA (2009-2013)
Web address: http://www.csfvaccine.org/
Role: Partner
In these projects a high number of European partner laboratories, external partners and subcontractors work
together on various subjects, including the international standardisation and harmonisation of PCR-based
diagnostic assays.
The total number of partners participating in the listed projects:
2
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
Collaborating Centre for Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine
MULTIPLEX PCR:
LAB-ON-SITE:
CSFVACCINE & WILDBOAR:
MED-VET-NET:
PATHOGEN COMBAT:
EPIZONE
FLUTEST
FLUTRAIN
ConFluTech
AsemDialog
ASFRISK
CSFgoDIVA
6 partners
9 partners
9 partners
15 partners
42 partners
20 partners
17 partners
12 partners
15 partners
13 partners
17 partners
17 partners
Detailed information on international standardisation and validation is indicated on the web sites of the projects,
including material and SOP transfer.
2.
Proposal or development of any procedure that will facilitate harmonisation of international
regulations applicable to the surveillance and control of animal diseases, food safety or animal
welfare
The SOPs developed within LAB-ON-SITE project have been further disseminated internationally through the
EPIZONE consortium.
3.
Placement of expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE
 Consultant expertise was provided to OIE, IAEA and FAO by regular change of information and by
participation on meetings, see below.
 Chairmanship in the work of the OIE ad hoc Group on Biotechnology, Paris, France, regular meetings,
preparation of recommendations and reports in biotechnology issues.
 Participation in the work of the European Platform for Global Animal Health, Brussels, Belgium, regular
meetings, preparation of recommendations and reports in issues of Transboundary Animal Diseases.
 Participation in the work of the Animal Production and Health Section, FAO/IAEA Joint Division, IAEA,
Vienna (sister Collaborating Centre, see above). Development of novel diagnostic methods, international
standardisation and validation, providing SOPs to member countries, international training.
 Organizer of training mission to Freetown, Sierra Leone, April 19-29, 2009, as part of FAO project
TCP/SIL/3103 (E) and SFERA OSRO/GLO/601/SWE
 Main organizer of an international workshop focusing on Sequencing, Phylogeny and Bioinformatics, held
in Uppsala May 26th-29th 2009. The workshop was organized as part of the European ConFluTech and
FLUTRAIN projects.
 ‘Main organizer of a workshop focusing on African swine fever in Uganda. Workshop held in Entebbe,
Uganda, October 5-6, 2009.
 Participation at workshop on the Diagnosis of Avian influenza as part of the EC FP6 project FLUTRAIN,
and organized by the OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Avian influenza and Newcastle
disease, IZSVe, at the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. Now 2nd5th, 2009
Areas of expertise
 Research, novel biotechnology-based techniques (e.g., microarrays, isothermal amplification, rapid
sequencing) aimed for diagnostic use
 Diagnostic real-time PCR assays
 Novel tools of virus detection, e.g., proximity ligation techniques
 Molecular epidemiology
 Laboratory automation, molecular diagnostics
 Quality assurance and validation of molecular assays
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
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Collaborating Centre for Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine
Other activities related to the mandate
of OIE Collaborating Centres
4.
Provision of scientific and technical training, within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE, to
personnel from OIE Member Countries and Territories
The laboratory provided training for scientists visiting from various countries to Uppsala. In addition, the
laboratory housed prominent experts, in order to exchange ideas and improve the level of molecular diagnosis.
1) Prof. Wim H. M. Van der Poel, DVM, PhD, Department of Virology, CVI, Lelystad, Netherlands.
Coordinator of EPIZONE EU project. Visit: two days: Discussions on possible extended future
collaborations in the area of foodborne viruses.
2) Prof. Volker Moennig, Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hannover, Germany. Visit:
two days: Discussions on pestivirus research.
3) Dr. Sandra Cuevas Romero, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Microbiologia Animal
INIFAP. México D.F, Mexico. Visit: two months. Subject: -Production and testing recombinant proteins
of LPMV Rubulavirus.
4) Dr.Attila Farsang, Institute for Veterinary Medicinal Products, Budapest, Hungary Visit: One day. Subject:
To attend the “Aptamers for diagnostics and vaccine control” mini-symposium.
5) Ms. Aihong Liu, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou, China. Visit: 2 months. Subject: Training
in molecular methods for ASF diagnosis. Carried out within ASFRISK.
6) Dr Paulo Eduardo Brandão, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Visit: 3 weeks. Subject: University
professors exchange programme, Linnaeus Palme.
7) Dr Raul Rosadio, San Marcos University, Lima Peru. Visit: 3 weeks. Subject: University professors
exchange programme, Linnaeus Palme.
8) Prof. emer.Dr.DDr.h.c. Marian C. Horzinek, SPES NOSTRA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Visist: 3 days.
Subject: Work discussions, new strategies in virology, consultation, advisory support to the Collaborating
Centre. Individual discussions with senior researchers, followed by group discussion
9) Ms. Iolanda Anahory, Direcção de Ciências Animais (DCA), Maputo, Mozambique. Visit: 4 weeks. Subject.
Training in molecular methods for AI and ND diagnosis. Carried out within FLUTRAIN.
10) Ms. Deborah Kukielka Zunzunegui, PhD student. University Complutense of Madrid, Spain. Visit: 3 months
Subject: Post graduate training in molecular virology
11) Ms. Rosa-Stella Mbulu, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Windhoek, Namibia. Visit: 3 weeks. Subject.
Training in molecular methods for AI and ND diagnosis, sequencing and phylogeny. Carried out within
FLUTRAIN.
12) Dr. Paul Ko Ferrigno, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
Visit: one day. Subject: Discussions on the use of Aptamers for Diagnostics and Vaccine Control
13) Ms. Kelebogile Mokgele, Botswana National Veterinary Laboratory, Gaborone. Visit: 3 months. Subject:
Training in Molecular Methods for Diagnosis of Viral Diseases. The training is organized on the request
of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
14) Dr. Thierry van den Berg, VAR, Brussels, Belgium. Visit: two days. Subject: Avian Virology.
15) Dr. Zoltán Zádori, Veterinary Reserch Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Visit three months. Subject: Molecular Diagnostic Virology.
16) Dr. Belén Rodriguez, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain. Visit: two weeks Subject: Collaboration
and Training in Molecular Diagnostic Virology.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
Collaborating Centre for Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine
5.
Organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE
Organisation of the 8th International ESVV Congress of Veterinary Virology, Budapest, Hungary, 23-26 August
2009, supported by the OIE. See: http://www.vmri.hu/esvv2009.htm
6.
Coordination of scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories,
organisations or collaborating centres
The Collaborating Centre is co-ordinator or partner in eight ongoing EU projects (see above). In the frame of these
projects large international networks collaborate on development of new molecular diagnostic methods,
international standardisation and validation (see web sites of the projects for details).
As an example, the LAB-ON-SITE project (“New and Emerging Technologies: Improved Laboratory and OnSite Detection of OIE List A Viruses in Animals and Animal Products”; www.labonsite.com) brought together
nine laboratories, including one SME, from seven countries of the EU, in order to improve the diagnosis ten
infectious, transboundary animal diseases (TADs), listed as notifiable to the OIE, by using new and emerging
technologies. The targeted diseases were: foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), swine vesicular disease (SVD),
vesicular stomatitis (VS), classical swine fever (CSF), African swine fever (ASF), bluetongue (BT), African horse
sickness (AHS), Newcastle disease (ND), highly pathogenic avian iinfluenza (HPAI) and swine influenza (SI).
The applied diagnostic techniques were divided into two categories: (i) new ways of viral nucleic acid detection,
including padlock probes, real-time PCR with PriProET, TaqMan and Minor Groove Binding (MGB) probes,
isothermal amplification like the Cleavase/Invader assay or the loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology
and the development of rapid kits for ‘mobile’ PCR; (ii) novel antigen-antibody detection systems, like simplified
and more sensitive ELISA tests, Dip-stick Systems and Lateral Flow Devices for the on-site detection of the
viruses in the field during the outbreaks. The project included a large input of the nine laboratories in international
standardization and validation of the novel assays and providing recommendations to the OIE Reference
Laboratories and Collaborating Centers, to the national health authorities and stake-holders, as well as to
international bodies and organizations, such as the EC, IAEA and FAO. Dissemination of results was one of the
main activities of the project; 25 SOPs on the new diagnostic procedures were disseminated at a global scale to the
diagnostic laboratories in a high number of OIE member countries (on CDs, brochures and electronically). The EC
appreciated the outcome of this project by publishing the results as one of the Sixth Framework Programme
Success Stories: http://ec.europa.eu/research/agriculture/success_labonsite_en.htm
The Collaborating Centre is working in close collaboration with the OIE Collaborating Centre for ELISA and
Molecular Techniques in Animal Disease Diagnosis (FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratory,
International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria). The two sister OIE Collaborating Centers conduct
research and development in close collaboration and disseminate the results in SOPs and in joint scientific
publications, e.g., Belák S, Kiss I, Viljoen GJ. New developments in the diagnosis of avian influenza. Rev Sci
Tech. 2009 Apr 28(1): 233-43. Review. PubMed PMID: 19623743.
The Collaborating Centre has strong collaboration with the European Society for Veterinary Virology (ESVV;
http://esvv.eu/). Sándor Belák, as the president of the ESVV and the director of the OIE CC, has the task to further
strengthen with his colleagues the links between these two parties, with special regard to international training,
support of the development of young scientists, organising international workshops and symposia.
7.
Publication and dissemination of any information within the remit of the mandate given by the
OIE that may be useful to Member Countries and Territories of the OIE
1.
Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ,
Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Feline infectious
peritonitis. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul; 11(7): 594-604.
Review. PubMed PMID: 19481039.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
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Collaborating Centre for Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine
2.
Belák S, Thorén P, LeBlanc N, Viljoen G. Advances in viral disease diagnostic and molecular
epidemiological technologies. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2009 May;9(4):367-81. Review. PubMed PMID:
19435457.
3.
Belák S, Kiss I, Viljoen GJ. New developments in the diagnosis of avian influenza. Rev Sci Tech. 2009 Apr
28(1): 233-43. Review. PubMed PMID: 19623743.
6
4.
Belák, S. Thorén, P.: Validation and quality control of polymerase chain methods used for the diagnosis of
infectious diseases. Office International desEpizooties (OIE), Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for
Terrestrial Animals (mammals, birds and bees). Sixth Edition, 2008, Chapter I.1.5. 46-55.
http://www.oie.int/eng/normes/mmanual/2008/pdf/1.1.05._VALID_PCR.pdf
5.
Blomström AL, Belák S, Fossum C, McKillen J, Allan G, Wallgren P, Berg M. Detection of a novel porcine
boca-like virus in the background of porcinecircovirus type 2 induced postweaning multisystemic wasting
syndrome. Virus Res. 2009 Dec; 146(1-2): 125-9. Epub 2009 Sep 11. PubMed PMID: 19748534.
6.
Bröjer C, Agren EO, Uhlhorn H, Bernodt K, Mörner T, Jansson DS, Mattsson R, Zohari S, Thoren P, Berg
M, Gavier-Widen D. Pathology of natural highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 infection in wild tufted ducks
(Aythya fuligula). J Vet Diagn Invest. 2009 Sep; 21(5): 579-87. PubMed PMID: 19737752.
7.
Bálint A, Metreveli G, Widén F, Zohari S, Berg M, Isaksson M, Renström LH, Wallgren P, Belák S, Segall
T, Kiss I. The first Swedish H1N2 swine influenza virus isolate represents an uncommon reassortant. Virol J.
2009 Oct 28; 6:180. PubMed PMID: 19863790; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2774320.
8.
Bálint A, Tenk M, Deim Z, Rasmussen TB, Uttenthal A, Cságola A, Tuboly T, Farsang A, Fossum C,
Timmusk S, Berg M, Belák S. Development of Primer-Probe Energy Transfer real-time PCR for the detection
and quantification of porcine circovirus type 2. Acta Vet Hung. 2009 Sep; 57(3):441-52. PubMed PMID:
19635716.
9.
Egberink H, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ,
Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Bordetella
bronchiseptica infection in cats. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul;
11(7):610-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 19481041.
10.
Farkas T, Székely E, Belák S, Kiss I. Real-time PCR-based pathotyping of Newcastle disease virus by use of
TaqMan minor groove binder probes. J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Jul; 47(7): 2114-23. Epub 2009 May 13. PubMed
PMID: 19439542; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2708511.
11.
Frymus T, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ,
Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, ThiryE, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Feline rabies. ABCD
guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul; 11(7): 585-93. Review. PubMed PMID:
19481038.
12.
Gruffydd-Jones T, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Hartmann K, Hosie MJ,
Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Chlamydophila felis
infection. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul; 11(7): 605-9. Review.
PubMed PMID: 19481040.
13.
Gyarmati P, Metreveli G, Kecskeméti S, Rózsa M, BelákS, Kiss I. Molecularanalysis and characterization of
swine and human influenza viruses isolated in Hungary in 2006-2007. Virus Genes. 2009 Jul 17. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMedPMID: 19609664.
14.
Hosie MJ, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K,
Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Feline
immunodeficiency. ABCD guidelines onprevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul; 11(7): 57584. Review. PubMed PMID: 19481037.
15.
Leblanc N, Leijon M, Jobs M, Blomberg J, Belák S. A novel combination of TaqMan RT-PCR and a
suspension microarray assay for the detection and species identification of pestiviruses. Vet Microbiol. 2009 Sep
30. [Epub ahead of print]
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
Collaborating Centre for Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine
16.
Liu L, Xia H, Baule C, Belák S, Wahlberg N. Effects of methodology and analysis strategy on robustness of
pestivirus phylogeny. Virus Res. 2010 Jan; 147(1): 47-52. Epub 2009 Oct 20. PubMed PMID: 19850091.
17.
Liu L, Xia H, Belák S, Widén F. Development of a primer-probe energy transfer real-time PCR assay for
improved detection of classical swine fever virus. J Virol Methods. 2009 Sep; 160(1-2): 69-73. Epub 2009 May
3. PubMed PMID: 19406164.
18.
Liu L, Kampa J, Belák S, Baule C. Virus recovery and full-length sequence analysis of atypical bovine
pestivirus Th/04_KhonKaen. Vet Microbiol. 2009 Jul 2; 138(1-2): 62-8. Epub 2009 Mar 13. PubMed PMID:
19349128.
19.
Liu L, Hoffmann B, Baule C, Beer M, Belák S, Widén F. Two real-time RT-PCR assays of classical swine
fever virus, developed for the genetic differentiation of naturally infected from vaccinated wild boars. J Virol
Methods. 2009 Jul; 159(1): 131-3. Epub 2009 Mar 18. PubMed PMID: 19442858.
20.
Liu L, Xia H, Wahlberg N, Belák S, Baule C. Phylogeny, classification and evolutionary insights into
pestiviruses. Virology. 2009 Mar 15; 385(2): 351-7. Epub 2009 Jan 24. PubMed PMID: 19167739.
21.
Liu L, Xia H, Baule C, Belák S. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a combined nucleotide
sequence dataset for genetic characterization of a novel pestivirus, SVA/cont-08. Arch Virol. 2009; 154(7):
1111-6. Epub 2009 Jun 14. PubMedPMID: 19526350.
22.
Lutz H, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K,
Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford, AD, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Feline leukaemia.
ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul; 11(7): 565-74. Review. PubMed
PMID: 19481036.
23.
Muradrasoli S, Mohamed N, Belák S, Czifra G, Herrmann B, Berencsi G, Blomberg J. Broadly targeted
triplex real-time PCR detection of influenza A, B and Cviruses based on the nucleoprotein gene and a novel
"MegaBeacon" probe strategy. J Virol Methods. 2009 Oct 29. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 19879296.
24.
Muradrasoli S, Mohamed N, Hornyák A, Fohlman J, Olsen B, Belák S, Blomberg J. Broadly targeted
multiprobe QPCR for detection of coronaviruses: Coronavirus iscommon among mallard ducks (Anas
platyrhynchos). J Virol Methods. 2009Aug; 159(2): 277-87. Epub 2009 May 3. PubMed PMID: 19406168.
25.
Radford AD, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann
K, Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Thiry E, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Feline calicivirus
infection. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul; 11(7): 556-64.
PubMed PMID: 19481035.
26.
Schlingemann J, Leijon M, Yacoub A, Schlingemann H, Zohari S, Matyi-Toth A, Kiss I, Holmquist G,
Nordengrahn A, Landegren U, Ekström B, Belák S. Novel means of viral antigen identification: improved
detection of avian influenza viruses byproximity ligation. J Virol Methods. 2010 Jan; 163(1): 116-22. Epub 2009
Sep 12.PubMed PMID: 19751768.
27.
Ståhl K, Beer M, Schirrmeier H, Hoffmann B, Belák S, Alenius S. Atypical'HoBi'-like pestiviruses-Recent
findings and implications thereof. Vet Microbiol. 2009 Sep 30. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 19857934.
28.
Ståhl K, Felmer R, Benito A, Zuniga J, Reinhardt G, Rivera H, and Moreno-Lopéz J. (2009) Genetic
diversity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) from Peru and Chile. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 29(1): 41-44
29.
Szeleczky Z, Don A, Ursu K, Ivanics E, Kiss I, Erdélyi K, Belák S, Muller CP, Brown IH, Bálint A. Four
different sublineages of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 introduced in Hungary in 2006-2007. Vet
Microbiol. 2009 Oct 20; 139(1-2): 24-33. Epub 2009 Apr 19. PubMed PMID: 19520524.
30.
Thiry E, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K,
Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. H5N1 avian
influenza in cats. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul; 11(7): 615-8.
Review. PubMed PMID: 19481042.
31.
Thiry E, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K,
Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Truyen U, Horzinek MC. Feline herpesvirus
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009
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Collaborating Centre for Biotechnology-based Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases in Veterinary Medicine
infection. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul; 11(7): 547-55.
Review. PubMed PMID: 19481034.
32.
Timmusk S, Merlot E, Lövgren T, Jurvekolg L, Berg M, Fossum C. Regulator of G protein signalling 16 is a
target for a porcine circovirus type 2 protein. J Gen Virol. 2009 Oct; 90(Pt 10): 2425-36. Epub 2009 Jul 1.
PubMed PMID: 19570954.
33.
Truyen U, Addie D, Belák S, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Gruffydd-Jones T, Hartmann K,
Hosie MJ, Lloret A, Lutz H, Marsilio F, Pennisi MG, Radford AD, Thiry E, Horzinek MC. Feline
panleukopenia. ABCD guidelines on prevention and management. J Feline Med Surg. 2009 Jul; 11(7): 538-46.
Review. PubMed PMID: 19481033.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2009