Epistemology and Cognition
Preface
Introduction
Epistemology as a Multidisciplinary Affair
Objects of Evaluation
Continuities and Discontinuities with Historical Epistemology
vii
1
1
3
6
Part 1: Theoretical Foundations
1. The Elements of Epistemology
Beliefs, Assertions, and Propositions
Truth-Values and Knowledge
Epistemic Evaluation
Reliability, Power, and Speed
13
13
17
20
26
2. Skepticism
Varieties and Grounds of Skepticism
Responses to Skepticism: Metaphysics, Analysis, and Psychology
How Important is Skepticism?
28
28
33
39
3. Knowledge
Knowledge and Causal Processes
Alternative Reliable-Process Theories
Second-Order Processes
Knowledge and Justification
Knowledge and Skepticism
42
42
44
51
53
55
4. Justification: A Rule Framework
Justification and Rules
Rightness Criteria for J-Rules
Objectivism, Relativism, and Related Issues
J-Rules as Cognitive-State Transition Rules
58
58
63
69
74
5. Justification and Reliability
Logic, Psychology, and J-Rules
Evidence Proportionalism: Confirmation Theory and Statistics
Processes, Methods, and Levels of Justifiedness
Consequentialism
Reliabilism
Counterexamples and Replies
Calibration and Second-Order Processes
Truth-Linkedness
81
81
89
93
95
103
109
113
116
6. Problem Solving, Power, and Speed
Intelligence and Goal-Directedness
Problem Solving and Truth
Cognitive Components of Problem Solving
Social Problem Solving and Product Epistemology
Multiple Values: Adjunct and Specialized
122
122
125
131
136
138
7. Truth and Realism
Varieties of Realism
Truth as Nonepistemic
Truth and Correspondence
Scientific Realism
142
142
144
151
156
8. The Problem of Content
Epistemology and Content
Challenges to Content
162
162
164
Can Psychology Address Content?
Content, Rationality, and Reliability
171
173
Part 2: Assessing Our Cognitive Resources
9. Perception
An Agenda for Primary Epistemics
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing
Reliability, Speed, and Power in Perception
Foundationalism and Coherentism
181
181
184
188
194
10. Memory
Two Kinds of Belief
Memory, Inductive Inference, and Rationality
Elaboration and Reconstruction
Belief Perseverance
Retaining, Forgetting, and Revising
199
199
204
208
214
221
11. Constraints on Representation
o Epistemology and Representation Formation
Partitions and Hierarchies
Operations and Analogies
Epistemic Assets and Liabilities
227
227
228
238
243
[32 missing pages (247-278); through 2nd page of 13.1]
12. Internal Codes
?
?
?
?
?
252
13. Deductive Reasoning
?
Basic Reasoning Abilities
o Mental Logic versus Mental Models
Justification and Natural Logic
o The Dichotomy in Epistemology versus the Unity of Cognition
278
278
284
286
293
299
14. Probability Judgments
What Can Psychologists Tell Us?
Empirical Findings
Probability and Rationality
o Probability and Justifiedness
305
305
307
311
318
15. Acceptance and Uncertainty
Acceptance and Subjective Probabilities
o Winner-Take-All Networks
Epistemic Evaluations of WTA Networks
324
324
328
338
16. Belief Updating
Psychological Realism
o The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Model
Justification and Calibrational Convergence
344
344
345
353
17. Production Systems and Second-Order Processes
o Anderson's Production System Theory
Production Architecture: Reliability, Speed, and Power
Procedural Learning
Epistemic Assessment of Second-Order Processes
359
359
366
369
373
Conclusion: Primary Epistemics and Cognitive Science
378
Notes
Illustration Credits
Author Index
Subject Index
Formatting and table of contents extraction by http://www.egodeath.com
The Cybernetic Theory of Ego Transcendence
383
421
423
429