Decentralization of Education Management
General Education Law (GEL) / Organic Law for Regional Governments (OLRG) /
Organic Law for Municipalities (OLM)
Educational Institution
LOCAL LEVEL
REGIONAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Regional Education Office
Local Education Management Unit
Art. 66 GEL
Art. 74 GEL
Art. 47 OLRG
“... The purpose of the Educational “(a) Contribute to the formulation of “(a) Formulate, approve, implement,
Institution is to ensure that students regional and national education policy“
evaluate and administer regional policies
learn and receive holistic education.
related to education, culture, science
The Institutional Educational Plan Art. 82 OLM
and technology, sports and recreation in
guides its management....”
“(1)
Promote
sustainable
human the region.”
development at the local level, fostering
the development of educating com- Art. 47 OLRG
“(e) Promote, regulate, motivate and
munities.”
supervise services related to initial,
primary, secondary and non-university
higher education, in coordination with
the local government and in harmony
with the policies and norms of the
corresponding
sector,
and
the
requirements
of
coverage
and
educational levels of the population.”
Art. 68 GEL
"(a) Develop, approve, implement
and evaluate the Institution’s overall
education plan, as well as its annual
plan, in accordance with its
axiological principles and relevant
education policy guidelines.”
Art. 74 GEL
“(b) Design, implement and evaluate the
Education Plan in its jurisdiction in
accordance with the Regional and
National Education Plans and with the
contribution of Local Governments, as
appropriate.”
Art. 47 OLRG
“(b) Design, implement and evaluate the
regional education plan; programs for
development of culture, science and
technology; and the program for the
development of sports and recreation in
the region, in accordance with national
education policy.”
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art 79 GEL
“Definition and purpose
The Ministry of Education is the
National Government body whose
purpose is to define, direct and serve
as a nexus for policy related to
education, culture, recreation and
sports, in harmony with the overall
government policy”.
Art. 80 GEL
“(a) Define, direct, regulate and
evaluate, in coordination with the
regions, the national policy for
education and pedagogy and to
establish specific policies for equity.”
Art. 80 GEL
"(b) Formulate, approve, implement
and evaluate, in consensus, the
National Education Plan and guide
the education planning process.”
Art. 82 OLM
“(2) Design, implement and evaluate the
education plan for its jurisdiction, in
coordination
with
the
Regional
Education Office and the Education
Management Units, when appropriate,
contributing to regional and national
education policy with an inter-sectoral
approach and action.”
Laws referenced: General Education Law N° 28044 – Signed into law on July 28, 2003
Organic Law for Regional Governments N° 27867 – Signed into law on November 8, 2002
Organic Law for Municipal Governments N° 27972 – Signed into law on May 26, 2003
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Educational Institution
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Unit
Art. 68 GEL
Art. 74 GEL
“(b) Organize, conduct and evaluate “(d) Provide guidance for the
institutional management, pedago- pedagogical and administrative mangical and administrative processes.” agement of the educational institutions under its jurisdiction, respecting their institutional autonomy.”
Art. 68 GEL
“(e) Foster an institutional environ- Art. 74 GEL
ment conducive to the students’ “(c) Regulate and supervise the
activities and services provided by
development.”
the educational institutions, ensuring
their institutional autonomy.”
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art. 47 (OLRG)
"(t) Serve as a nexus, provide guidance
and monitor the local management units in
the areas of pedagogy and administration.”
Art. 47 (OLRG)
“(e) Stimulate the creation of Educational
and Technological Resource Centers that
contribute to improving learning processes
in schools and educational programs.”
Art. 74 GEL
“(d) Provide guidance for the
pedagogical and administrative
management of the educational
institutions under its jurisdiction,
respecting their institutional autonomy.”
Art. 74 GEL
“Provide administrative and logistical
support to the public educational
institutions in its jurisdiction”.
Art. 33 GEL
Art. 33 GEL
“...each
educational
institution “... diversification occurs at the
develops its curriculum proposal, regional and local levels, responding
which is officially recognized… “
to the characteristics of the students
and the environment…”
Art. 68 GEL
“© Diversify and complement the Art. 74 GEL
basic curriculum, implement tutoring “(n) Promote and support curriculum
and select textbooks and educational diversification in the educational
materials.”
institutions under its jurisdiction.”
Art. 82 OLM
“(3) Promote curriculum diversification,
incorporating contents relevant to the
socio-cultural, economic, productive and
ecological situation.”
Art. 33 GEL
Art. 33 GEL
“... diversification occurs at the regional “... The Ministry of Education is
and local levels, responding to the responsible
for
designing
the
characteristics of the students and the national basic curriculum ...”
environment....”
Art. 47 OLRG
“© Diversify the national curriculum,
incorporating contents relevant to the
socio-cultural, economic, productive and
ecological situation and responding to the
needs and interests of those who are
being educated.”
Art. 80 GEL
“© Draw up basic curriculum designs
for the different levels and programs
of the educational system, and
establish technical guidelines for
their diversification.”
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Educational Institution
Art. 68 GEL
“(f) Facilitate support programs for
educational services in accordance
with the students’ needs, under
physical and environmental conditions conducive to learning.”
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Unit
Art. 74 GEL
“(i) Support the development and
adaptation of new communications and
information technologies to improve the
educational system, taking an intersectoral approach.”
Art 82 OLM
“(8) Support the incorporation and
development of new technologies for
improving the educational system. The
purpose of this process is to optimize
relations with other sectors.”
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
Art. 47 OLRG
"(h) Integrate the different regional
education programs into an integral
policy aimed, in the economic area, at
improving the region’s productivity and
ability to compete; in the social area, at
fostering equal opportunities, integration
and inclusion at the regional level; in the
political area, at the consolidation of
mechanisms for citizen participation and
accountability at different levels of
government; and in the cultural area, at
developing a culture of peace and
recognition of and respect for diversity.”
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art. 80 GEL
“(e) Organize special support
programs for educational services to
compensate for inequalities and
achieve equity in access to
education
and
in
educational
processes and results. These are
based on specific dynamics and
social needs.”
Art. 80 GEL
"(d) Design national programs to take
advantage of new communications
and
information
technologies,
Art. 74 GEL
coordinating their implementation
“(j) Promote and implement effective Art. 47 OLRG
mid-level
educational
literacy strategies, in accordance with the "(n) Identify, implement and promote the with
socio-cultural and linguistic characteristics use of new, effective and efficient structures.”
of each local area.”
technologies to improve the quality of
education at all levels.”
Art 82 OLM
“(9) Promote, coordinate, implement and Art. 47 OLRG
evaluate literacy programs, in conjunction "(g) Implement and evaluate literacy
with regional governments, within the programs in conjunction with local
framework of national policies and governments and within the framework
programs, in accordance with the socio- of national policies and programs.”
cultural and linguistic characteristics of
each local area.”
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Educational Institution
Art. 68 GEL
“(h) Design, implement and
evaluate projects for pedagogical
and management innovation,
experimentation and educational
research.”
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Unit
Art. 74 GEL
“Formulate projects for local educational
development and present them to
national and international cooperation
agencies for funding”.
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art. 47 OLRG
"(q) Foster and participate in the design,
implementation and evaluation of projects
for educational research, experimentation
and innovation that contribute to regional
development and the improvement of the
quality of educational services.”
Art. 80 GEL
“(g) Guide the National Program for
Educational Research in conjunction
with institutions that have expertise
in this area and the Regional
Education Offices.”
Art. 47 OLRG
"(j) Promote and implement effective
literacy strategies and programs in
accordance with the socio-cultural and
linguistic characteristics of each local
area.”
Art. 68
“(k) Participate, along with the
Institutional Education Council, in
evaluations for the hiring, promotion and renewal of contracts of
teaching and administrative personnel. These actions are carried
out in agreement with mid-level
management offices, in accordance with specific regulations.”
Art. 74 GEL
“(g) Provide guidance for the evaluation
and hiring of teaching and administrative
personnel and implement personnel
actions to meet the needs of the
educational institutions, in coordination
with the Regional Education Office.”
Art. 80 GEL
"(h) Define sector policies related to
personnel and improvement programs for management, teaching
and administrative personnel, and
implement the civil service career for
teachers.”
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Educational Institution
Art. 68 GEL
"(l) Implement
activities.”
ongoing
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Office
Art. 74 GEL
training “(g) Conduct the process for evaluation
and hiring of teaching and administrative
personnel and implement personnelrelated actions, meeting the needs of
educational institutions in coordination
with the Regional Education Office. “
Art. 68
“(f) Facilitate support programs for
educational services in accordance
with the students’ needs, under
physical and environmental conditions that are conducive to learning.”
Art 82 OLM
“(5) Construct, equip and maintain school
infrastructure in its jurisdiction in
accordance with the jointly designed
Regional Development Plan and the
allocated budget.”
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art.47 OLRG
"®
Implement
processes
for
professional development, training
and updating of teaching and
administrative personnel in the
region, in accordance with the
national in-service training plan.”
Art. 80 GEL
"(f) Guide the System for Continuing
Education and Training of teachers
in coordination with local and
regional offices.”
Art.47 OLRG
“(m) Design and implement infrastructure and equipment policies, in
coordination with local governments.”
Art.80 GEL
“(i) Lead efforts to increase
investment in education and consolidate the national education budget,
as well as plans for educational
investment and infrastructure.”
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Educational Institution
Art. 66 GEL
“... The Educational Institution, as a
physical and social environment,
establishes relationships with the
various entities in its area of
influence and makes its facilities
available for extracurricular and
community activities, preserving its
educational purpose and objectives
as well as the specific functions of
the institution’s facilities.
Educational programs are governed by the relevant provisions
established in this chapter…”
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Unit
Art. 73 GEL
“(b) Stimulate social cohesion, work in
conjunction with public and private
institutions on the Local Education Plan,
contribute to the creation of an environment conducive to holistic education and
local capacity building, and foster the
organization of educating communities.”
Art. 74 GEL Functions
“(h) Foster the formation of educational
networks as a means of cooperation
among schools and educational programs in its jurisdiction, establishing
strategic partnerships with community
institutions that have particular expertise.”
Art.68 GEL
“(j) Cooperate in the various educaArt. 82 GEL Coordination with and
tional activities of the community.”
support from municipalities.
“In the area of education, the Ministry of
Education, the Regional Education
Office and the Local Educational
Management Units coordinate their
actions with municipalities in accordance
with the provisions of their Organic Law
and this law. Within this framework,
municipalities support the provision of
educational services and contribute to
educational
development
in
their
jurisdictions.”
Art 82 OLM
“(6) Support the creation of educational
networks as an expression of participation and cooperation among schools
and educational programs in its
jurisdiction. To accomplish this, strategic
partnerships will be established with
community institutions that have particular expertise.”
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art. 77 GEL
“© Sign agreements and contracts with
national and international cooperation
agencies to improve the quality of
education in the region, in accordance
with established norms.”
Art.80 GEL
"(n) Ensure, from an inter-sectoral
standpoint and in conjunction with
other sectors of the national government, holistic attention to students,
ensuring efficiency and balanced
development.”
Art. 47 OLRG
“(h) Integrate the different regional
educational programs into an overall
policy aimed, in the economic sphere, at
improving the region’s productivity and
ability to compete; in the social sphere,
at
fostering
equal
opportunity,
integration and inclusion at the regional
level; in the political sphere, at defining
mechanisms for citizen participation and
accountability
at
all
levels
of
government; and in the cultural sphere,
at developing a culture of peace and of
recognition and respect for diversity.”
Art 47 OLRG
“(s) Strengthen educational institutions,
in conjunction with local governments,
promoting their autonomy, capacity for
innovation and democratic operation, as
well as inter-sectoral linkages and
networking, with the participation of
society.”
Art 47 OLRG
“Foster and serve as a nexus for the
participation of universities, businesses
and civil society institutions in the
implementation of regional development
plans.”
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Educational Institution
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Unit
Art.68 GEL
Art.74 GEL
“(g) Formulate, implement and “(f) Provide guidance in the formulation,
evaluate the institution’s annual implementation and evaluation of the
budget.”
educational institutions’ annual budget.”
Art. 86.- Self-generated income for
educational institutions.
“In using income generated by state
educational institutions, preference
will be given to funding specific
investment projects or educational
development projects considered in
the Institutional Education Plan.
These resources are independent of
the budget amount allocated by the
Public
Treasury
for
operating
expenses, and regular reports on
their use will be submitted, according
to the corresponding regulations.”
Art.74 GEL
“(l) Formulate, implement and evaluate
the budget, based on the needs of
schools and education programs, and
make arrangements for local, regional
and national funding.”
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art.77 GEL
“(b) Formulate, implement and
evaluate the region’s education
budget in coordination with the Local
Education Management Units.”
Art.80. GEL
“(i) Lead efforts to increase investment in education and consolidate the
national education budget, as well as
plans for educational investment and
infrastructure”.
Art.77 GEL
“© Sign agreements and contracts with
the
national
and
international
community
for
support
and
cooperation, in accordance with
established norms.”
Art.80. GEL
"(q) Reach agreements for and
promote national and international
technical and financial cooperation for
improving education.”
Art.77 GEL
“(d) Identify investment priorities that
result in the harmonious and equitable
development of educational infrastructure in its area of jurisdiction and make
arrangements for funding.”
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Educational Institution
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Unit
Art.74 GEL
“© Regulate and supervise the activities
and services provided by educational
institutions, preserving their institutional
autonomy.”
Art.68 GEL
“(K) Participate with the Institutional
Education Council in evaluations for
the hiring, promotion and renewal of
contracts of teaching and administrative personnel. This is done in
agreement with mid-level manage- Art.74 GEL
ment entities in accordance with “(k) Encourage the activity of the Local
specific regulations.”
Participatory Council on Education to
reach agreements and foster community
oversight.”
Art.68 GEL
“(m) Provide an annual account of
pedagogical,
administrative
and Art.82 OLM
financial
management
to
the “(7) Encourage and organize the Local
educational community.”
Participatory Council on Education to
develop consensus-based agreements
and promote community oversight and
monitoring.”
Art.74 GEL
“(s) Inform the relevant official entities
and the general public of the results of
its administration.”
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art. 76 GEL
“... The purpose of the Regional
Education Office is to promote
education, culture, sports, recreation,
science and technology, and ensure
that educational services and holistic
programs in its jurisdiction are characterized by quality and equity. To
accomplish this, it coordinates with the
Local Educational Management Units
and calls for the participation of
various community stakeholders”.
Art. 80 GEL
“(j) Establish a national plan for
transparency in management that
consolidates ethical standards in
public service.”
Art. 80 GEL
“(p) Establish basic guidelines to
ensure civil society participation in
the orientation and improvement of
education.”
Art. 47 OLRG
“(h) Integrate the various regional
education programs into an overall
policy aimed, in the economic sphere,
at improving the region’s productivity
and ability to compete; in the social
sphere, at fostering equal opportunity,
integration and inclusion at the
regional level; in the political sphere, at
defining mechanisms for citizen
participation and accountability at all
levels of government; and in the
cultural sphere, at developing a culture
of peace and of recognition and
respect for diversity.”
Art. 47 OLRG
Art. 80 GEL
“(o) Develop and implement infor- "(j) Implement an information sysmation systems and make them tem for making strategic decisions.”
available to the population.”
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Educational Institution
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Unit
Art.74 GEL
“(o) Promote cultural centers, libraries,
theaters and art workshops, as well as
sports and recreation, providing support
in this area to local governments when
necessary. This is done in coordination
with decentralized public agencies in the
zone.”
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art.47 OLRG
Art. 80 GEL
“(i) Constantly promote intercultural "(o) Strengthen the operations of
education and the use of the region’s Decentralized Public Agencies and
original languages.”
regulate their relationship with the
Ministry of Education.”
Art.47 OLRG
“(k) Foster and disseminate cultural
expressions and reinforce the region’s
artistic and cultural institutions, in
coordination with local governments.”
Art.82 OLM
“(11) Organize and maintain cultural
centers, libraries, theaters and art Art.47 OLRG
workshops in provinces, districts and “(l) Declare, protect, conserve and
communities.”
promote regional and local cultural
heritage in coordination with local
Art.82 OLM
governments and corresponding agen“(12) Promote the protection and cies.”
dissemination of the nation’s cultural
heritage within its jurisdiction, and the
defense and conservation of archeological, historical and artistic monuments, collaborating with the appropriate
regional and national entities for their
identification, registry, monitoring, conservation and restoration.”
Art.82 OLM
“(13) Foster a culture of prevention
through education for environmental
preservation.”
Art.82 OLM
“(14) Promote and manage zoological
parks, botanical gardens and natural
forests directly or through contracts or
concessions,
in
accordance
with
regulations in this area.”
Art.82 OLM
“(15) Foster sustainable tourism and
regulate services in this area, in
cooperation
with
the
appropriate
entities.”
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Educational Institution
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Unit
Art.82 OLM
“(17)
Promote
opportunities
for
participation, education and recreation
for senior citizens in the community.”
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art.82 OLM
“(18) Regulate, coordinate and promote
sports and recreation for children and
the general community through the
construction of sports fields and
recreational areas or the temporary use
of appropriate urban areas for the
purposes indicated above.”
Art.82 OLM
“(19) Promote various cultural activities.”
Art.82 OLM
“(16) Stimulate a civic culture of respect
for communal goods and maintenance,
public hygiene, conservation and
community embellishment. ”
Art.82 OLM
“(17)
Promote
opportunities
for
participation, education and recreation
for senior citizens in the community.”
Art.82 OLM
“(18) Regulate, coordinate and promote
sports and recreation for children and
the general community through the
construction of sports fields and
recreational areas or the temporary use
of appropriate urban areas for the
purposes indicated above.”
Art.82 OLM
“(19) Promote various cultural activities.”
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Educational Institution
LOCAL LEVEL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT
Local Education Management Unit
REGIONAL LEVEL
Regional Education Office
NATIONAL LEVEL
Ministry of Education
Art.47 OLRG
“(p) Periodically and systematically
evaluate the region’s progress in the
area of education and support
evaluation and measurement actions
implemented by the Ministry of
Education, and contribute to the
development of policy for the accreditation and certification of educational
quality in its area of competence.”
“(m) Promote an educational
evaluation that stimulates the
student’s integral development, in
accordance with the principles and
purposes of education as established by this law.”
"(k) Coordinate, with the entities
responsible for operating the
National System for Evaluation,
Accreditation and Certification of
Educational Quality, processes for
the measurement and evaluation of
progress in learning, according to
the terms established by law, as
well as their dissemination.”
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