Chabot College
November 1998
Replaced Fall 2010
Course Outline for Biology 2B
PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGY
Catalog Description
2B - Principles of Biology
5 units
Biological processes at the organismal level are studied with emphasis placed on the whole organism and
higher levels of organization. Topics include taxonomy; anatomy and physiology of selected invertebrates
and vertebrates; structure and function of representative protists, fungi, non-vascular and vascular plants,
with emphasis on green plants; development; ecological principles; contemporary environmental issues.
Prerequisite: Biology 2A or equivalent (with a grade of C or higher). Recommended: Eligibility for English
1A or 52A. 3 hours lecture, 6 hours laboratory.
[Typical contact hours: lecture 52.5, laboratory 105]
Prerequisite Skills:
Before entering the course the student should be able to:
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14.
know the fine structure on function of cell organelles;
describe the basic structure and utilization of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in cells;
explain movement of materials across cell membranes;
describe DNA replication and how proteins are made;
understand basic principles of cellular metabolism;
discuss the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis;
know the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis;
explain contemporary concepts of evolution;
apply principles of Mendelian genetics to solve problems;
conduct a Chi-square test;
use the Hardy-Weinberg Law;
describe speciation;
operate a microscope, spectrophotometer, scaler, and electrophoresis equipment;
use the metric system.
Expected Outcomes for Students
Upon completion of the course, the student should be able to:
1.
explain the binomial system of nomenclature;
2.
describe anatomical features and life cycles of representative forms of Protista;
3.
compare the organ systems and how they work of selected invertebrates;
4.
describe anatomical and physiological characteristics two vertebrates;
5.
recall the development of the frog from a zygote to an embryo;
6.
discuss role that slime molds play in nature and their structure;
7.
explain the role that fungi perform in nature;
8.
recall the characteristics of plants and explain Alternation of Generations in plants;
9.
describe the structure, life cycles, and evolutionary adaptations seen in the mosses, liverworts,
ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms;
10.
identify local species of flora and fauna;
11.
explain fundamental principles and concepts of ecology;
12.
discuss the impact that humans have placed on the biosphere;
13.
describe today's problems of air, water, and solid waste pollution;
Chabot College
Course Outline for Biology 2B, page 2
November 1998
14.
discuss possible solution of pollution and the pros and cons of alternative forms of energy.
Course Content:
Lecture:
1.
Describe the hierarchy of taxa i.e., kingdom, phylum (division), class, order, family, Genus, species
a.
Explain further divisions of taxa by using super and sub categories
b.
Rules for writing scientific names
2.
Protista
a.
Characteristics
b.
Describe, protozoa, slime molds, algae
c.
Structure and function of organelles in Amoeba and Paramecium
d.
Anatomy and life cycle of Spirogyra
e.
Colonial development and life cycle of Volvox
3.
Animals
a.
Asymmetry, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry
b.
Need for digestion, excretion, reproduction, circulation and nervous systems in animals
4.
Invertebrates
a.
Compare anatomy of the following: hydra, arrow worm, garden snail, earthworm,
grasshopper, starfish
b.
Discuss their natural history
5.
Vertebrates
a.
Compare anatomy and physiology of the frog and rat
b.
Discuss evolutionary advances over the invertebrates
6.
Embryonic Development of the Frog
a.
Describe stages: zygote, morula, blastula, gastrula
b.
Animal and vegetal pole
c.
Blastocoel, archenteron, blastopore
d.
Development of ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm and organ systems they form
e.
Significance of the coelom and notochord
f.
Formation of the CNS: neural plate, neural tube, ventricles of the brain, spinal cord, brain
g.
Structure and function of the yolk sac, amnion, chorion, allantois of the egg
7.
Slime molds
a.
Similarities to amoeba
b.
Role in nature
c.
Structure during non-reproductive and reproductive stages
8.
Structure and life cycle of the bread mold, Brewer's yeast, and mushroom
a.
Function of decay in nature
b.
Symbiotic relationships i.e., lichen, mycorrhizae
9.
Plants
a.
General characteristics
b.
Alternation of Generations
10.
Moss and Liverwort
a.
Anatomy i.e., sporophyte, gametophyte, archegonium, antheridium
b.
Life cycle
c.
Habitat
d.
Recognition of some local species
Chabot College
Course Outline for Biology 2B, page 3
November 1998
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Ferns
a.
Anatomy i.e., stem, rhizome, sporophylls
b.
Life cycle
c.
Habitat
d.
Recognition of some local species
Gymnosperms
a.
Anatomy of the conifer leaf, cone, seed
b.
Pine life cycle
c.
Significance of seed formation
d.
Recognition of some local species
Angiosperms
a.
Anatomy of the vascular system, leaf, flower, seed
b.
Buttercup life cycle
c.
Importance of the flower and fruit
d.
Recognition of some local species
Ecological Principles
a.
Food chains and webs
b.
Primary and secondary succession
c.
Trophic levels
d.
Ecological pyramids i.e., numbers, biomass, energy
e.
Energetics in ecosystems
f.
Nutrient cycling i.e, phosphorous, carbon, nitrogen
g.
Eutrophication i.e., human impact
Contemporary Issues in Ecology
a.
Population growth patterns i.e, J-shape, S-shape curves
b.
Carrying capacity i.e., biotic potential, environmental resistance
c.
Density and independent density controls
d.
air pollution
e.
solid waste
f.
water pollution
g.
alternative sources of energy
Laboratory Exercises: One or more laboratory exercises will include the following areas of study:
a.
Protista
b.
Dissection of Representative Invertebrates
c.
Dissection of Representative Vertebrates
d.
Development of the frog
e.
Study of mosses, ferns, fungi
f.
Study of gymnosperms, angiosperms
g.
Ecology principles
h.
Environmental pollution
Methods of Presentation:
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Lecture and discussion
Observation, collection and analysis of data
Laboratory studies
Charts, models, slides, transparencies
Films
Field trips
Chabot College
Course Outline for Biology 2B, page 4
November 1998
Methods of Evaluating Student Progress:
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Minimum of two midterms in lecture
Undetermined number of quizzes
Minimum of two laboratory practicals
Student projects and laboratory reports
Textbook (Typical)
Biology 3rd Edition, 1993 by Cambell
Special Student Materials:
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Coloring pencils
Lab coat or apron
Marking pen
BC:al 11/98