Online supporting information to accompany Lengyel et al. “Ants sow the seeds of global diversification in flowering plants” Table 1. Myrmecochorous plant lineages, their sister groups and data on seed dispersal mode in the sister-group, biogeographic distribution of lineages (M + N-M) and species number used in the analyses presented in the paper. No. Family Myrmecochorous lineage (M) Gunniopsis Sesuvium, Trianthema Leucojum, Galanthus, Narcissus, Sternbergia, Vagaria, Lapiedra, Hannonia, Pancratium Platysace, Xanthosia, Actinotus 1 2 3 Aizoaceae Aizoaceae Amaryllidaceae 4 Apiaceae 5 6 Aristolochiaceae Asteraceae 7 8 9 Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Asarum, Saruma Amberboa, Volutaria, Mantisalca, Cyanopsis, Goniocaulon, Plagiobasis, Karvandarina, Russowia, Tricholepis Centaurea Chrysogonum Cullumia 10 Asteraceae Dymondia 11 Asteraceae Euryops 12 Asteraceae Galactites Sister group (N-M) N-M dispersal mode Wind Water Wind Biogeogr. distr. a HT WW HA Centella, Micropleura, Mackinlaya, Apiopetalum Aristolochia, Lactoris Klasea, Serratula, Acroptilon, Oligochaeta, Leuzea Water Zoegea, Stizolophus Berlandiera Berkheya, Cuspidia, Heterorachis, Didelta Arctotis, Arctotheca, Haplocarpha, Cymbonotus Cineraria, Dendrosenecio Ptilostemon Tetragonia Tribulocarpus Lycoris, Ungernia No. species M N-M 15 57 29 1 289 26 Myrmecochory reference [1] [1] [3-5] Phylogeny reference [2] [2] [6] PnT 68 58 [3,7] [8] Wind Wind WW PA 86 107 406 99 [3,9-11] [14] [12,13] [15-17] Wind Wind Exozoochory PA NA PT 383 18 26 17 11 99 [4,14,18-20] [14] [22] [15] [21] [23] Wind PT 1 78 [22] [24] Wind PT 100 62 [22] [25] Wind PA 12 23 [14] [26] No. Family Myrmecochorous lineage (M) Osmitopsis Osteospermum Wedelia Epimedium, Vancouveria, Bongardia 13 14 15 16 Asteraceae Asteraceae Asteraceae Berberidaceae 17 18 19 20 Berberidaceae Boraginaceae Bruniaceae Bruniaceae Gymnospermium Nemophila Audouinia capitata Lonchostoma 21 Buxaceae Buxus, Notobuxus 22 Cactaceae Aztekium 23 Cactaceae Gymnocalycium 24 25 Caricaceae Caryophyllaceae Carica Moehringia Sister group (N-M) Athanasia Calendula Elaphandra Podophyllum, Sinopodophyllum, Diphylleia, Dysosma, Achlys Leontice Pholistoma Tittmannia Mniothamnea, Raspalia Sarcococca, Pachysandra, Styloceras Echinocactus, Astrophytum Browningia, Cereus, Coleocephalocereus, Micranthocereus, Samaipaticereus, Echinopsis, Harrisia, Haageocereus, Matucana, Oreocereus, Rauhocereus Moringa Arenaria subg. Arenaria, subg. Leiosperma, ‘Pseudomoehringia’ group N-M dispersal mode Wind Wind Passive Endozoochory Biogeogr. distr. a PT OW NW HA No. species M N-M 11 54 153 20 100 16 67 21 Myrmecochory reference [22] [22] [22,28] [14,30-32] Phylogeny reference [27] [27] [29] [33-35] Endozoochory Water Passive Passive HA NA PT PT 12 11 1 10 28 3 25 4 [14] [4,14,30,36] [22] [22] [33-35] [37] [38] [38] Endozoochory WW 90 20 [14,39] [40] Exozoochory NW 2 10 [41] [42] Exozoochory NW 70 1100 [41] [42] Wind Wind PnT HA 23 31 12 172 [43] [45] [14] [4,14,44] No. Family 26 Colchicaceae 27 28 Dasypogonaceae Dilleniaceae 29 30 31 32 Dipsacaceae Dipsacaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiaceae 33 Euphorbiaceae 34 35 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Myrmecochorous lineage (M) Colchicum, Androcymbium, Hexacyrtis, Ornithoglossum, Sandersonia, Gloriosa, Baeometra, Wurmbea, Camptorrhiza, Iphigenia, Schelhammera, Tripladenia, Disporum, Uvularia, Kuntheria, Dasypogon Hibbertia, Adrastaea, Pachynema Knautia Scabiosa Tetratheca Astraea Bertya, Beyeria, Ricinocarpos Claoxylon Conceveiba Sister group (N-M) Burchardia N-M dispersal mode Passive Biogeogr. distr. a WW No. species Myrmecochory M N-M reference 245 5 [3,7,10,46-48] Phylogeny reference [49] Calectasia Dillenia Passive Endozoochory AU PnT 4 124 11 60 [47] [3,7] [50] [51] Pterocephalidium Sixalix Platytheca Ophellantha, Acidocroton Baloghia, Fontainea Wind Wind Water Endozoochory PA PA AU NT 60 80 39 10 1 10 2 12 [10,32,52] [14] [3,7,54,55] [57] [53] [53] [54,56] [57] Endozoochory AU 45 29 [3,7,14] [58] Erythrococca Endozoochory Gavarretia, Polyandra Passive OW NT 75 18 50 2 [7] [60] [58,59] [58] No. Family Myrmecochorous lineage (M) Euphorbia, Chamaesyce, Synadenium, Monadenium, Pedilanthus, Neoguillauminia, Calycopeplus, Anthosterna, Dichostemma 36 Euphorbiaceae 37 Euphorbiaceae Monotaxis, Adriana, Amperea 38 Euphorbiaceae 39 40 Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae Pera, Clutia, Chaetocarpus Seidelia Cytisus Sister group (N-M) Spirostachys, Excoecaria, Sebastiana, Colliguaja, Sapium, Stillingia, Adenopeltis, Grimmeodendron, Bonania, Hippomane, Ophthalmoblapton, Tetraplandra, Pachystroma, Hura, Gymnanthes, Mabea, Microstachys, Homalanthus, Neoshirakia, Dalembertia, Triadica, Actinostemon, Pseudosenefeldera, Senefelderopsis, Maprounea Cephalomappa, Koilodepas, Cephalocroton, Sumbaviopsis, Melanolepis, Chrozophora, Discocleidion, Ricinus, Speranskia Pogonophora Leidesia Cytisophyllum, Laburnum N-M dispersal mode Endozoochory Biogeogr. distr. a WW No. species Myrmecochory M N-M reference 1846 407 [3,4,61,62] Phylogeny reference [58] Passive OW 31 37 [3,60] [58] Wind PnT 108 6 [22,58,60] [58] Passive Wind PT PA 4 60 1 3 [60] [63,64] [58] [65,66] No. Family 41 Fabaceae 42 Fabaceae 43 Fabaceae 44 Fabaceae 45 Fabaceae 46 47 48 49 Gesneriaceae Gesneriaceae Goodeniaceae Goodeniaceae 50 Gyrostemonaceae 51 Hemerocallidaceae 52 53 54 Hyacinthaceae Hyacinthaceae Iridaceae Myrmecochorous lineage (M) Daviesia, Viminaria, Erichsenia, Goodia, Bossiaea, Platylobium, Muelleranthus, Ptychosema, Aenictophyton Hardenbergia, Kennedia Sister group (N-M) Gompholobium, Sphaerolobium Mucuna, Desmodium, Lespedeza, Kummerowia, Campylotropis Hovea, Templetonia, Brongniartia, Lamprolobium Plagiocarpus Pultenaea (= Mirbelia s. Isotropis l.) Ulex, Stauracanthus Genista sect. Cephalospartum Chrysothemis Nautilocalyx Codonanthe Nematanthus Dampiera Anthotium Goodenia, Scaevola, Brunonia Verreauxia, Velleia, Coopernookia Gyrostemon, Tovaria Codonocarpus, Walteranthus, Tersonia, Reseda Caesia, Hensmania, Tricoryne Johnsonia, Arnocrinum Lachenalia Polyxena, Periboea Scilla, Chionodoxa Bellevalia Witsenia, Klattia Nivenia N-M dispersal mode Passive Biogeogr. distr. a AU No. species Myrmecochory M N-M reference 287 43 [3,7,67] Phylogeny reference [68] Water PnT 59 500 [3,69,70] [71] Wind HT 52 57 [3,7] [72] Passive AU 470 16 [3,7,70,73] [68,74] Passive HA 21 5 [4,18,52] [66] Endozoochory Endozoochory Wind Passive NT NT AU AU 12 34 66 350 55 48 5 3 [32,75] [14] [3,7] [3,7,69] [76] [76] [77] [77] Passive AU 18 2 [3] [43,78] Exozoochory AU 58 12 [3,5,7] [50] Passive Wind Passive PT PA PT 110 40 4 23 50 10 [14] [4] [81] [79] [80] [82,83] No. Family 55 Juncaceae 56 Lamiaceae 57 58 59 Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae 60 Liliaceae 61 62 63 64 Liliaceae Liliaceae Limeaceae Malvaceae 65 Malvaceae 66 Melanthiaceae 67 Papaveraceae Myrmecochorous lineage (M) Luzula Sister group (N-M) Juncus, Distichia, Marsippospermum, Rostkovia Ajuga Caryopteris, Trichostema Lamium Marrubium Rosmarinus Perovskia Teucrium Teucridium, Oncinocalyx Erythronium spp. Erythronium spp. Eurasian + Eastern Western North North American lineage American lineage Gagea Lloydia Scoliopus Streptopus Macarthuria Limeum Gossypium sect. Gossypium sect. Grandicalyx ('genome Sturtia ('genom C'), K' lineage) sect. Hibiscoidea ('genome G') Lasiopetalum, Hermannia, Hannafordia, Waltheria, Melochia Maxwellia, Thomasia, Guichenotia, Commersonia, Rulingia, Keraudrenia, Seringia Trillium Paris, Daiswa, Kinugasa, Trillidium Corydalis, Dicentra, Hypecoum Adlumia, Dactylocapnos, Rupicapnos, Pseudofumaria, Cysticapnos N-M dispersal mode Water Biogeogr. distr. a WW No. species Myrmecochory M N-M reference 115 249 [3,9,20] Phylogeny reference [84] Passive WW 50 37 [3,85] [86] Exozoochory Wind Exozoochory HA PA WW 190 22 250 139 10 2 [4,14] [14,85] [14] [86] [87] [86] Passive HA 8 17 [5,88,89] [90] Passive Endozoochory Endozoochory Water HA HA OW AU 91 5 12 12 12 30 21 5 [5,88] [14,88,92] [3,73] [3,7] [50,88,91] [88] [93] [94,95] Endozoochory WW 167 205 [3,7,70] [96] Endozoochory HA 38 27 [5,9,14] [97] Exozoochory HA 384 18 [9,22] [98] No. Family 68 Papaveraceae 69 Penaeaceae 70 71 Phyllanthaceae Picrodendraceae 72 73 74 Poaceae Poaceae Polygalaceae 75 76 77 Portulacaceae Primulaceae Proteaceae Myrmecochorous lineage (M) Sanguinaria, Chelidonium, Eomecon, Macleaya, Bocconia, Hylomecon, Stylophorum Penaea, Brachysiphon, Endonema, Saltera, Stylapterus, Sonderothamnus Breynia Picrodendron, Micrantheum, Oldfieldia, Stachystemon, Aristogeitonia, Scagea, Tetracoccus Chionachne Melica Polygala, Bredemeyera, Muraltia, Nylandtia, Heterosamara, Salomonia, Comesperma, Monnina, Securidaca Claytonia, Montia Cyclamen Grevillea Sister group (N-M) Dicranostigma N-M dispersal mode Passive Biogeogr. distr. a HA No. species Myrmecochory M N-M reference 99 8 [4,9,10,14] Phylogeny reference [99] Olinia Endozoochory PT 23 8 [22] [100-102] Passive Passive IM WW 35 82 40 3 [3,7] [3,7,58,62,104] [103] [105], Wurdack unpubl. from [58] Phacelurus Glyceria Carpolobia, Atroxima Wind Water Endozoochory IM HA WW 9 80 910 10 35 6 [32] [4,14,30] [3,7,14,108] [106] [107] [108] Lewisia Coris Buckinghamia, Opisthiolepis Wind Exozoochory Wind NW PA AU 41 20 260 16 3 3 [9,14,32] [14,32] [3,7,112] [109,110] [111] [113,114] Sauropus Podocalyx, Paradrypetes No. Family 78 Proteaceae 79 80 81 82 Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae Ranunculaceae 83 84 Ranunculaceae Restionaceae 85 86 Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae 87 Rubiaceae 88 Rutaceae 89 Rutaceae 90 91 Santalaceae Sapindaceae Myrmecochorous lineage (M) Mimetes, Orothamnus, Leucospermum, Diastella, Sorocephalus, Spatalla, Paranomus, Vexatorella, Serruria, Leucadendron, Adenanthos Anemone Delphinium Ficaria Helleborus Sister group (N-M) Isopogon N-M dispersal mode Wind Pulsatilla, Knowltonia Wind Consolida Wind Coptidium Passive Myosurus, Nigella, Passive Actaea, Cimicifuga Trollius, Adonis Caltha Water Restio Elegia, Wind Chondropetalum, Dovea Phylica, Trichocephalus Nesiota, Noltea Endozoochory Pomaderris, Spyridium, Colletia, Discaria, Passive Trymalium, Siegfriedia, Alphitonia, Granitites Cryptandra, Stenanthemum Opercularia, Pomax Leptostigma, Endozoochory Durlingtonia, Nertera, Normandia, Coprosma Asterolasia Drummondita, Endozoochory Muiriantha Phebalium, Microcybe Nematolepis, Passive Rhadinothamnus, Chorilaena Thesium, Osyridicarpos Buckleya Endozoochory Cardiospermum Paullinia Endozoochory Biogeogr. distr. a HT No. species Myrmecochory M N-M reference 308 65 [3,115] Phylogeny reference [113,114,116] HA HA PA HA 120 250 5 20 48 40 2 54 [4,9,14] [14] [118] [4,14,32,120] [117] [117] [119] [117] HA PT 55 88 10 73 [14] [3,7] [117] [84,121] PT HT 151 172 2 50 [22] [3,7,54,69] [122] [122] HT 19 112 [7] [123,124] AU 21 9 [125] [126] AU 31 11 [3,7,125] [126] WW PnT 177 61 7 195 [52,127] [129] [128] [130] No. Family 92 93 Sapindaceae Scrophulariaceae Myrmecochorous lineage (M) Dodonaea Melampyrum 94 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 Solanaceae Tecophilaeaceae Turneraceae Urticaceae Valerianaceae Violaceae Zygophyllaceae Datura Cyanastrum Turnera Parietaria Fedia Viola Zygophyllum, Augea, Fagonia a Sister group (N-M) Distichostemon Bartsia, Lathraea, Rhinanthus, Rhynchocorys, Parentucellia, Odontites, Euphrasia, Tozzia Agalinis, Esterhazya, Aureolaria, Seymeria, Lamourouxia, Castilleja, Orthocarpus, Cordylanthus, Triphysaria Brugmansia Walleria Piriqueta Boehmeria Valerianella Noisettia Larrea, Pintoa, Bulnesia, Porlieria, Guaiacum N-M dispersal mode Passive Wind Biogeogr. distr. a HT HA No. species M N-M 70 8 35 310 Myrmecochory reference [3,131,132] [4,14,30,118,133] Phylogeny reference [130] [134,135] Wind HA 350 341 [4,14,30,133] [134,135] Passive Passive Passive Exozoochory Wind Passive Wind NW PT NT WW PA WW WW 11 7 100 10 3 400 120 5 3 44 80 50 8 31 [14] [14] [137,138] [10,32] [14] [3,4,7,9,10,20] [22] [136] [82] [139] [140] [141] [142] [143,144] Biogeographic distribution types for lineages comprising both M and N-M lineages: AU – Australian, IM – Indo-Malayan, NA – Nearctic, NT – Neotropical, PA – Palearctic, PT – Paleotropical (mostly Cape Floristic Region); complex distribution types: HA – Holarctic (NA + PA), NW – New World (NA + NT), OW – Old World (AU + IM + PA + PT), PnT – Pantropical (AU + IM + NT + PT), HT – Holotropical (AU + NT + PT), WW – Worldwide. 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