The site where the monasteries of Meteora were built, is said to serve perfectly their purpose. The
monasteries stand on some huge natural sandstone pillars that were mould into their bizarre shape
by the winds and the time. Up there, the monasteries seem to hover between earth and heaven, an
illusion that makes monks and visitors feel close to the celestial world.
These cone shaped pillars prove the artistic nature of Nature. According to the 19th century geologist
Alexander Philipson, they were created after huge amounts of material piled up in this area where a
huge prehistoric river was flowing towards a vast lake which covered today’s Thessaly. When the
waters drained into the Aegean Sea and the valley of Thessaly was revealed, these rocks emerged and
the millennia along with the extreme weather conditions formed them into their today’s shape.
The first evidence of ascetic life in Meteora dates back in the 10th century, when some hermit monks
chose the caves and the hollows in the pillars’ walls to lead an ascetic and reclusive lifestyle. In 1160
A.D. the “Scete of Stagoi Dhoupianis” was found, which is considered to be the first attempt of an
organized monastic community. However, it needed more than two centuries for the first monastery
to be built. In 1356, Athanasios Meteoritis, a monk from Aghion Oros, came to Meteora and built on
the top of the largest cliff the “Holy Monastery of the Transfiguration of Jesus” or “Great Meteoron”.
From then on, these huge rocks were named after this exact monastery and took the name
“Meteora”, which in Greek means: an object that levitates.
Through the centuries more than 24 monasteries were found in Meteora. Today, only six survive: the
Holy Monastery of Transfiguration of Jesus, the Holy Monastery of Varlaam, the Holy Monastery of
Rousanou, the Monastery of the Holy Trinity, the Holy Monastery of Saint Stephan and the Holy
Monastery of Saint Nicholas Anapafsa. The Holy Monastery of Varlaam was found in 1518 by the
brothers Nectarios and Theofanis Apsaras. It houses the two churches of the “Three Bishops” and
“All Saints”, that are famous for their exquisite murals, some of them painted by Frangos Katelanos, a
well-known 16th century greek painter. There, also, survives the monastery’s hospital, which remains
nearly intact from the 16th century.
The Holy Monastery of Rousanou leaps out because of its breathtaking surroundings. It is built on
the most steep of the Meteora pillars and looks like a natural projection of this perpendicular rock.
It was found in 1545 and its church, the Transfiguration of Jesus, preserves its original murals from
1561. The Monastery of the Holy Trinity was built in 1476 by the monk Dometios and its murals trace
back in 1741. On the other hand, the Holy Monastery of Saint Stephan was built earlier, in the middle
of the 14th century, shortly after the Holy Monastery of Transfiguration. Its murals are estimated to
be some of the oldest in Meteora and date from 1501, while the monastery’s church has an elegant
iconostasis, an excellent example of woodcarving of the late 18th century. Last but not least, the Holy
Monastery of Saint Nicholas Anapafsa was established in the 16th century by the Metropolitan
Bishop of Larissa, Dionysios. Its a three-story building, just like the monastery of Rousanou, and its
central church is decorated with murals painted by the famous greek painter of icons, Theofanis, in
1527.
The monasteries of Meteora host a large collection of rare manuscripts, books and precious saints’
remains. The most striking thing is that the monasteries’ cavities and hollows continue to reveal
hidden manuscripts, saints’ remains and byzantine icons that prove the fame of this impressive
orthodox complex, that competes the monasteries of Aghion Oros and the abbeys of Europe.