RUNNING HEAD: A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One Karen C. Gulliford Virginia Commonwealth University ADLT 623 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One Introduction Capital One has emerged as a leader in the financial services industry in the past two decades. A Virginia-based corporation, Capital One has a significance presence geographically in McLean, corporate headquarters, and Richmond areas. Capital One is now a recognized bank with 1,000 locations all over the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom. A continually growing company, Capital One has 30,000 employees, and currently has over 3,000 position openings worldwide. The organization is currently in the process of acquiring two additional banks, ING and HSBC. I am attempting to outline the culture of Capital One as observed in the Richmond locations. My fascination with this company resides in feedback I have received from colleagues, neighbors and relatives who have worked there and my personal experience currently in the company as a contract employee. As a current contractor within the company, I have witnessed the operation from the perspective as a contract employee. I work in three locations - the corporate office in Goochland County (called West Creek), the call center location in Chester, called the James River Center (JRC) and a location in Glen Allen (Knolls) which is also a call center environment and traditional office space. My experience directly with the company is that of an outside contract employee, only having about three months of inside contact with Capital One. I work as a career coach within the Capital One University’s (COU) Career Development Center (CDC). I meet five to seven clients a day who come by appointment for individual career coaching services on a volunteer basis. My role is to provide career assessments, have dialogue, and assist each associate reach his career goals. I desire to give my viewpoint from an outside examiner. I am using my data and notes from coaching the organization’s associates, individual interviews from human resources associates, and information from my participation in the new hire on-boarding exercise. 2 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One Several cultural artifacts exist in the environment; however each location is distinctly unique. The West Creek location is a campus tucked in a beautiful wooden landscape with eight large, multi-level buildings. The buildings are designed with a very open floor plan, bright colors, lounge and coffee bar areas, learning centers, and conference rooms with high-tech audio-visual systems. The associates are culturally diverse, including White, Indian, and African American, but visibly mostly White associates. The associates are dressed professionally – men uniformed in khaki pants and button-down or oxford shirts, and women in tailored slacks and blouses. These professional-level associates may work flexibly in any building, at flexible times and with an option to work from home. In contrast, the Chester call center (JRC) is a one level non-descript building with performance dashboards, recognition posters and over 1,000 cubicles strewn throughout the sectioned areas in rows. The associates must come into the office for the assigned shift. Through observation, I would suppose more than half of the associates here are African American. The clothing consists of jeans, t-shirts, sweat pants, designer-style boots and jackets. Many hair styles consist of braids, dreadlocks, and afros. I immediately found this location to be a sub-culture of Capital One. This visual contrast is noted throughout this analysis, in addition to differences in literacy, internal adaptation and assumptions. This paper is organized by three areas of analysis. The first area of discussion is how Capital One adapts to its external environment. The banking and financial industry has endured much change and scrutiny in the past decade. In addition to competition, Capital One has adjusted to economic downturn and legislation changes in just the past five years. The second area to observe is the topic of the management of internal integration. To understand its culture, one must recognize the power and influence dynamic, rewards and benefits allocation, performance management, and relationship formation. The third area of consideration in looking at the culture is the underlying assumptions that are present. I will try to unravel some of the unspoken patterns of behavior and actions 3 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One such as how the company determines truth, the value of time and space, and leadership assumptions about human nature of the Capital One culture. The Process of External Adaptation Mission and Strategy The early years of the company began in 1988 as a credit card provider offering innovative credit approaches. At that time, most card companies were big banks, all offering the same 19.8% annual percentage rates. Owners Rich Fairbank and Nigel Morris decided to use databases to develop an Information-Based Strategy (IBS) to dissect how the customer uses credit and consequently offer the customer a unique product with infinite possibilities. The two men offered the idea to 23 banks, but only one bought the idea – Signet Bank in Richmond, Va. The beginnings of Capital One started on the premise of innovation and perseverance. In addition to creating a new era in credit cards, they were the first to offer the concept of balance transfer, where customers could transfer the balance on one credit card to another. Schein (2010) asserts that companies need a goal definition so that it can survive economically and grow, while providing good relationships with investor, stakeholders, suppliers, managers and employees, and finally the customer. The shared assumptions around mission, goals and strategy are evident in Capital One’s innovation and determination right from the beginning. The espoused mission at this time was to get credit cards in customer’s hands. This was done though the IBS platform. This process allowed the company to discover many product options, offering different products to every single customer based on individual data such as age, credit rating, debt, income, etc. and offering credit to customers who had been turned down by other big banks. Capital One has an espoused strategy of “unassailability and conservative lending”. They claim that this strategy has held them though the challenging economic downturn. Later, in 2002, Capital One added a new goal, to become a bank. Knowing nothing about banks, it took a risk in order to fulfill the business need for more reliable funding sources. They aggressively pursued this goal and purchased three 4 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One banks within a four year period. It was very clear early in the company’s history that the establishment of goals and strategy were important to survival. This strategy proved to help the company in tougher times. Means and Measurements to Survive in Competition By 1997, Capital One was a publicly traded company, was in growth mode, and hiring. Another strategy they employed was that of “test and learn”. The company believed that it should take risks based on IBS results. They soon developed markets in Canada and the U.K. They continued to take more risks and expanded into the medical business, 1-800-Flower, cell phones and other ventures. Many of them did not work. Around this growth time, the company had to deal with its market share reality. Their new logo “What’s in your wallet?” proved that people did not know what was in their wallet, so they dumped the extensive direct mail campaign. At one time, Capital One was the largest user of the U.S. Postal Service. The company admits these mistakes, but that the mistakes helped them learn. The means and measurements that Schein (2010) outlines as adaptations for survival include Capital One’s IBS, taking risks, employing a “test and learn” philosophy, and correcting or stopping strategies as mistakes are made. The original plan by the founders to use data, technology and innovation (usually involving risk) has followed the company’s operating principle to make decisions. The data collection, controls, analysis and aggressive actions are evident in how employees are hired, trained, monitored, rewarded and organized as well. The ongoing assumption is that data is favorable and always needed to determine the next business action. Values are Established By 2002, to further distinguish its strategy and mission, the company espoused its Values and Attributes. The new values were: “Excellence” and “Do the Right Thing”. These Values were played out in much of its internal and external operations, such as recruiting, performance management along with the pursuance of its business and community goals. 5 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One The hiring process includes evidence of the pursuit of excellence. Job candidates are rigorously screened with several layers of interviews, case studies and online “assessments” and tests, to determine suitability for the demanding performance expectations. The new values were asserted down to the individual associate level and the expectations of excellence. The COU and the CDC are also examples of excellence, where the tools are available so each associate can do ones best. The company also embodies “Do the Right Thing” through its availability of career coaching for all associates at no cost, and extensive community outreach projects in the area public schools and other pro bono work by associates. Each value is defined by several accompanying written attributes. The attributes of excellence are: Best People, Strategically Bold, Intellectually Rigorous, Well-Managed, and Ownership. Artifacts respond directly to many of these attributes. For example, a definition of being well managed is “obsess for great execution” and “communicate too much” and “anticipate and drive change”. These words speak to hard work, long hours, continuous process improvement projects, and constant meetings to complete tasks and collaborate. Under the value of Do the Right Thing, the company states the attributes as: Open, Teamwork, Respect for Each Other, Respect for the Customer, Integrity. Some definitions of being open are: “be direct”, “be authentic”, “value diversity of ideas” and “seek and give feedback”. Some of the artifacts evident in response to these words are the very open process of ongoing feedback in what they call the 10-10 conversation between a manager and a subordinate. I asked some associates if they feel they are living the values overall, as well as listening in to many associates in my coaching conversations. Most values and attributes are manifest, and associates acknowledge the culture of rigorousness, constant feedback, change, restructuring, and challenging high standards. Correction and Repair In addition to learning from business mistakes, such as buying cell phone and flower companies, Capital One’s aggressive fast-moving and aggressive growth came to an abrupt halt in 2001 with the 6 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One September 11 attacks, and in 2002, when the company received a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) from the government. The stock fell 40% in one day from the announcement of the MOU. There was little risk management process in place and they had to correct this immediately. The company made tough but firm decisions including layoffs, constant restructuring and while maintaining to be an aggressive leader with managing its problems. The company had to formalize its corporate governance structure and they admittedly called this the “wake up call” and emergence into maturity. There was also a change in atmosphere after the MOU. One of my sources I spoke with thought that the company limited its risk-taking and entrepreneurial spirit after the MOU. She noticed a marked limitation in new technology since that time. Many longer term employees remember that period in time as being a quiet, uncertain time. The reprimand obviously changed the company forever, as they regressed to a more conservative approach. Becoming a bank thwarted the era of fast innovation and big sweeping changes. Risk management became the new order of the day. The company is proud of its quick rebound to this external reprimand. The rebound was so profound, that legislators asked the company for input on the 2009 Credit Card Accountability, Responsibility, and Disclosure Act (CARD). The Process of Internal Integration The corporate culture within the organization has many facets, reflected by the different locations, employee populations and job tasks. The common language, for example, can vary depending on the location. Also, items such as norms of trust, intimacy, love and friendship are very different based on the West Creek location or a call center, such as the JRC location. Some areas where I learned how individuals integrate are mostly seen in the treatment of new hire associates, the prevalence of local language, intimacy and distribution of rewards. Being New 7 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One New associates are treated differently based on job type and location. As I have stated earlier, there are visible differences based on location within Capital One. New associates in the West Creek location are given a formal tour, and visit the Town Center building to attend orientation sessions in this state-of-the-art conference center. The location includes an amphitheatre-like training room, an executive dining room and food stations with free pastries, coffee, and snacks during breaks. After orientation, the new associate in this environment is assimilated in their department. The process of learning on-the-job varies at this point based on the manager and type of work. I have been told by coaching clients and my contacts that being new can be a trial-by-fire experience. The assumption is that if you were smart enough to get hired, you are smart enough to know what to do. Some new associates are disoriented with the lack of clear direction, set tasks or job knowledge. I have talked to newer associates after only three months of employment who are not feeling productive and they fear reprimand or termination because the are floundering in ambiguity. The associates are not hand held. They must figure out how to make it in their new dynamic, diverse surrounding. At the JRC, new associates go to training classes in their call center location. The learning is very organized and planned. The new associates are taught the computer system, the call center process and procedures. They do side-by-side job shadowing and learn the specific production metrics to which they will be held. The team leader is responsible for answering questions, on the floor training, and monitoring the calls for quality control. Managers are more stationary and reliable in the call center. The controls are very strict in the JRC, and the outline of expectations is very clear. The associates know their role and the consequences of not meeting the goals. The company is currently revamping aspects of the on-boarding process and the use of buddies have been employed to assist employees assimilate as soon as possible. Common Language 8 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One The use of language used in the different locations is also interesting and fascinating. The proliferation of literacy used especially in the professional ranks has a distinct tone and definition. I identify the language used specifically as a literacy, which carry meaning, a social practice or a representation of a corporate value or attribute (Belfiore, Defoe, Folinsbee, Hunter & Jackson, 2004). Some examples of words used and collected meanings are: “Deck” – a presentation of ideas, given in a PowerPoint™ presentation “Pull-up” – to have an informal brief meeting on a specific topic “10-10” – a feedback meeting; 10 minutes for manager, 10 minutes for subordinate (theoretically) “Space” – department; line of business or area of general responsibility “Own” – responsible for a body of work These terms all represent the corporate culture in some form. For example the term “deck” indicates that presentation skills and clarity are important. The term “10-10” indicates a need for succinctness. The term “own” translates to taking responsibility for work. This literacy is individual to Capital One, and must be learned through listening, becoming oriented or asking someone what is being said. I found the corporate literacy used widespread in the West Creek location. The body language and preparedness to speak with confidence was also evident. Upon asking a human resources associate I had just met about herself, she stood straight up, poised herself and said in a very stately manner that she worked in a certain” space”, and “owned” a certain type of reporting function. Another example occurred when a friend of mine, who was working as a contractor in human resources, told me that she was having trouble understanding the direction of a Sr. Director. Upon asking him for clarification his response was not only full of the corporate jargon, but posturing and vagueness. This pattern proved to be very frustrating, as an outsider cannot decode some of the meanings. It appears that words can be used to promote or to deter as needed in the organization. Schein (2010) explains that language is often 9 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One overlooked and taken for granted that all language is understood. He writes “But as we know all too well from our own cross-cultural travel experiences, language is embedded in a wider context in which nonverbal cues, tone of voice, body language, and other signals determine the true meaning of what is said” (p. 120). I find very different literacies in the JRC. The corporate literacy here is not as evident, but rather I experience a localized slang, informal joking and teasing, along with laid-back body posture, sighing, gum-chewing and lack of the professional stance that I witness in West Creek. The differences are perhaps expected since the job qualifications and expectations are very different in this location; however I found it fascinating that in the same company there are very different assumptions about the acceptance of body language and communication. The Knolls location seems to exhibit a combination of both. One associate described Knolls as the “in-between” culture. Intimacy Another great distinction between locations is the phenomenon of closeness, trust and intimacy among peers. I witness a certain distance, or a barrier, between peers in the West Creek location. Due to the high expectations of excellence and hard work, associates are very busy, hurried and preoccupied with work. Overall, there is a low degree of emotionality, as associates generally communicate for business only, and for specific purposes, such as to complete a task, make a decision or gain information. As I enter an elevator or visit the café for lunch, I am not addressed, or given eye contact. No one will speak to me, smile or ask my name or role. Perhaps the assumption is that if you are competent, you will not have time for small talk. The Teamwork attribute includes one definition to “have fun”. I do not see evidence of people having fun at work, although a departmental holiday party seems an acceptable time to lighten up and have some cheer. I attempted and experiment by giving a slight hug to a female professional associate at the COU holiday party, and it was extremely awkward for her – she gently patted me on the back quickly to end the embrace. However, I will note that during a couple of my coaching 10 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One conversations with professional women, they chose to give me a hug, and thanked me for the conversation or said “have a nice holiday”. I suppose that after knowing someone more intimately, it is acceptable for women to show closeness. The fact that employees in West Creek do not have an assigned schedule, seat, or hours also may interfere with bonding, collaboration, and dialogue. An associate told me that her team is so spread out throughout the country that it did not matter where she worked. She actually preferred to work in a remote area, so she could get her work done. The interruption of chatter would set her behind with all she had to do. At JRC, there is a lot of eye contact, talking, self-expression, laughter, and casual walks to the cafeteria or to another associate’s cubicle. The associates are not walking so swiftly or in much of a hurry. Associates in the call center are often congregating in the halls, and they will have small talk between taking customer calls. I have also observed that my coaching clients in JRC and sometimes Knolls locations have very different conversations with me. For example, associates in the call center location are very open with me about aspects of their personal lives including parenting, issues with parents or other elderly family members, financial troubles, problems with attaining an education, and a variety or other socio-cultural issues. They are very open and relaxed with me. We often engage in conversation about the reality of roadblocks to success such as feelings of low self-esteem, suppression, family pressure, and lack of support. Rewards and Performance Management Associates are subject to performance ranking – called cross-calibration. It is well known among associates that they are rated amongst their peers. Associates are given ratings based on performance compared to peers in the same position. There is a compulsory bell curve rating system with few on the top, most in the acceptable range (65%), and few on the bottom. According to my contact I interviewed, this open system of evaluation causes competition between some associates. This competition may 11 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One contribute to the loss of intimacy in the atmosphere, where associates are primarily concerned with strong individual performance. This reaction to the cross-calibration seemingly imposes on the attribute of Teamwork and Respect for Each Other. Rewards are available to those who work very hard, have the best and brightest ideas, and have strong project and communication skills. For West Creek associates, hard work has been defined by associates as long hours, including working all hours of the day or from home on the company-issued laptop. Praise can be given publicly in front of peers and includes promotions, more income, status and titles. The assumption is that to receive these rewards, you must put in the hours, communicate ones needs and wants, have new ideas, and have exposure to projects and higher level management. In the JRC, employees are rewarded for meeting sales and collection metrics. There are tensions that exist between the different cultures. Call center associates have expressed feelings to me of being on the bottom, suppressed, overlooked, and unintelligent or robots. If a call center associate can articulate career aspirations, one can become promoted to supervisor, data analyst, trainer, or higher level nonexempt position. I wonder if the management in the call center environment assumes these associates need high levels of regulation, and will not perform or learn unless “trained”, motivated with cash incentives, and subjected to constant phone monitoring and feedback. Schein (2010) states that employees are acquiescent and respond and adapt to the assumptions held about them. Many associates that I talk to in the call center are very aware of the close supervision, monitored calls and production goals. Some associates have named the JRC the “dungeon” that is hard to ever “make it out of here”. Feeling oftentimes removed from the view of other offices, they are fully aware that gaining exposure and recognition outside of their team are rare, thus leading to ongoing frustrations. All associates must constantly perform and show value or they are ranked low in cross-calibration and put on a performance action plan. Exempt associates are expected to change roles, projects, or responsibilities frequently. Employees openly admit they are offered excellent pay with benefits, bonuses, 12 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One flexibility and time off – even in the call center. The tension exists between having an ostensibly “good job” in challenging current economic times and feeling the pressure to perform at the highest level at all times. Many have searched for positions outside of the company and reported that the salary was lower and the hours less flexible. Underlying Assumptions Identifying the hidden assumptions in the social context can be difficult to decipher. For example, when I try to determine Capital One’s high or low context, I find a mixture of evidence. At times, statements and events are clear across the board, but in other situations, associates have to be careful about what the say or do around certain managers. Reality and Truth Capital One expects that truth finding is a process of utilizing data (as in the use of IBS) to make determinations and decisions. Facts are brought to the group to weigh, and a scientific method is used to test reality (test and learn philosophy). Problems are discussed as a team, yet the next level(s) of management must have the final say in the next action step. Associates are glad to have input, yet they must present all the facts to upper management and wait for the verdict. Once data and evidence are presented, the leader must take into consideration all aspects and make a choice. Schein (2010 describes this process as a revealed dogma, where the leader is the wisest and knows the way. He describes this method of reality-seeking as an external physical reality. The company’s original goals, values and mission filter down to the department level – data is supreme and required for the real answers. Data must be tested and then the correct information is revealed. Decisions are to be made quickly and acted upon immediately. Testing and trying is another corporate strategy that permeates down into the department level. As Schein (2010) outlines, truth can be defined by what works - the pragmatic trying out of ideas, is a technique used by organizations to determine truth (pg. 94). 13 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One Human Behavior As mentioned in the new hire discussion, West Creek associates are expected to be smart and top notch (attribute: Best People). Associates are expected to deal with changes, difficult situations, challenges and hard work. Communication skills, poise and tact are traits that dominate the competitive environment. If you are shy, timid, work slowly, or lack assertion skills, one will lose the fight to stay in the culture – one will be “out” quickly. Associates without a project to work on will likely be a target to lay-off or get moved to another area. Some associates in JRC tell me that they do not feel the company employs the attribute of hiring the best in the call center. It has been acknowledged that the criteria have been downgraded in recent years to attract more people to work in Chester. In this case, pragmatism wins out over espoused attributes. Since data is supreme and it is the true answer to the company’s direction and strategy, associates learn to expect rapid changes and to not expect current operations to stay the same very long. One Knolls associate I talked to recently told me she was struggling with this ever-changing environment. She had been with the company two years. She has had four managers in these two years and each manager has brought new goals and processes. She said her department was a “test area” where new processes and procedures are tested and tried out in her area, and if the new ideas work, the managers take the new idea to more areas and a new manager emerges. Project management and process improvement is part of life, as the “test and try” strategy is core to the business strategy. Over time associates must become accustomed to this phenomenon and adjust. Associates and management assume they have control of the environment, so they seek and track more data to act on. The environment encourages innovation, testing, evaluation and quick action. Schein (2010) makes a distinction between a “doing” environment and a “being” environment. It is apparent that Capital One’s assumption is that individuals can seek perfection, and should try to seek perfection (Value: Excellence). Failures are considered natural, but only after data are analyzed, and actions are approved to test and try. The company does show some signs of a “being-in-becoming” 14 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One orientation, in that associates are offered career coaching as a means to improve, explore possibilities, and reframe ones condition. Potentially, one may discover through this self-exploration that they are better off leaving the company. It is also a widely held assumption that contractors are needed, yet they are not the same status and level as an associate. Contractors should not be viewed as having spare time, or be seen in the gym or lounge areas. One source told me the standards are lower for contractors. They are there to do a specific job, so they do not have to be as competent. As a contractor, I am becoming aware that I should not waste time, so I pack my schedule tightly, and follow the rules. When asked for my opinion, it is best to give it, yet I have heard I should be careful not to be too open and honest. The attributes of Open and Integrity may not be completely true for “outsiders” such as contractors. Time and Space The idea of time and space at Capital One assumes that everyone is so busy, so there is little time to relax and socialize or waste another’s valuable time. Associates are expected to be on time, because schedules (managed by Outlook™ calendars) are tightly scheduled and monitored by administrative assistants. If your time is not booked, along with a room to meet, the meeting is non-existent. I found resistance within my work group when I inquired about possible interviewees in preparation for this analysis. Everyone I asked had to check with someone else to see if it could be done. I later learned that stopping one’s work to assist someone on a school project is meaningless and an unwelcome distraction. I described earlier the landscape of the diverse locations. West Creek’s open architecture conveys importance and professionalism, and exposure to the outside world. Associates in these areas are assumed to work independently without close manager supervision. They all have use of a laptop, including contractors. There are no phones ringing or paper and few file cabinets, as the environment encourages working remotely, working “on the run” and occasionally from home. I once witnessed a female associate one morning at 8:30 working in the Town Center building at West Creek. She stood with 15 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One her coat and purse still on, and had perched her laptop over a trash can as she worked feverishly. As I excused myself when I attempted to throw my trash away, I joked with her about her work arrangement, and she said “I know, I know, this is bad!” The scheduling component is also just as demanding. Many people will set an appointment, cancel it and reschedule. There is a constant juggle of time and fitting people in based on priorities, changing demands, and meetings. It has become an assumption that everything must be scheduled and the calendar will tell you what you can handle and when. I personally put time on my calendar to eat, visit the ladies room, and pack up so I can leave on time to get to my class after work. I assume that dropping in on someone for a quick five minute chat is an imposition. The JRC location represents a lower expectation, as a production center with and less exposure to the public. Associates sit near a supervisor in a cubicle. The display of posters and performance and recognition boards are what my colleague calls “like an elementary school”. Personal artifacts such as pictures and gadgets are completely acceptable to display in personal work areas. This environment permits a better possibility of intimacy at work. The time and space assumptions in each location are very distinct yet similar in some ways. The facilities are very clean and well maintained. For example, the bathrooms are continually cleaned and refreshed several times a day. I notice that each location has conference rooms or work areas named after a Richmond landmark or major street, like “Shockoe Bottom”. This artifact ensures constant contact with the community at large. These traits all signify the company’s stated values and attributes. Conclusion I have challenged myself to analyze this large corporation. My goal was to provide a background of the history, means, measures and behaviors that make Capital One the entity that it has become. A very successful company, it thrives on an unwavering business strategy, with the use of data, technology and innovation. Rich Fairbanks is still at the helm, and has embedded his original methods, beliefs and 16 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One values upon the organization. I do not have knowledge of his executive leadership staff, yet I presume that his head chiefs are like-minded in philosophy. The apparent solutions and concepts Fairbanks has entrenched over 20 years ago still exist today. This culture he created can only be continued through the modeling, teaching and supporting of similar behaviors and actions throughout the management team. I hope that this analysis also brings about the very positive characteristics of the company as well. Associates acknowledge the flexible schedules, training and development, great benefits and pay. The company is also very involved in the community and supports several charities, especially working with local public school children. 17 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One References Belfiore, M. E., Defoe, T. A., Folinsbee, S., Hunter, J & Jackson, N. S. (2004). Reading work: Literacies in the new workplace. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Schein, E. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons. 18 A Look into the Corporate Culture of Capital One IBS Information Based Strategy Internal Adaptation: Fast pace High Performance Adapt quickly Assumptions: Leader Knows Best Up or out Work hard and change often Speak up or lose out Internal Adaptation: Low Emotion Good Opportunity Good Pay External Adaptation: Data Rules Innovation Test and Try Strategy and Mission: Right Product to the Right Customer at the Right Time Unassailability Values and Attributes: Excellence Do the Right Thing Be Open Best People Teamwork Intellectually Rigorous… 19