METHODICAL INSTRUCTIONS
FOR INDIVIDUAL WORK OF THE STUDENTS
IN PREPARATION FOR PRACTICAL CLASSES
Subject
Topic
NEUROLOGY
Headache. Sleep and wakefulness damage.
Intracranial hypertension syndrome. Sleep upsets.
Year
Faculty
IV
Medical
Topicality: The headache is one of the most widely spread pathological statuses
among the population. Around 80% of the population faces this status in the
course of life. The prevalence of migraine with the society makes 10-18%; it also
makes a symptoms in approximately 50 diseases. Financial calculations showed
that the headache take the third place according to material wastes. The
knowledge of the intracranial hypertension is very important both in evaluating the
health status of a child (especially of an early age) and an adult (as one of the
volume processes of the brain, first of all a tumor).
The damage of the “sleep – wakefulness” cycle covers from 208% to 45% of
the population, for almost a half of which represents a serious problem that
necessitates solving.
All this witnesses to the importance of knowinh the clinics, basic diagnostic
principles and methods of treating headache and sleep abnormalities.
Specific purposes:
1.
To master the principles of classification of headache.
2.
To be able to diagnose main types of cephalgias and render ambulant help in
migraine attacks.
3.
To be able to diagnose intracranial hypertension syndrome and to know its
main reasons.
4.
To master the principles of classification of sleep upsets
5.
To be able to diagnose main types of sleep upsets.
3. Basic knowledge, skills, competences necessary for learning the topic:
№
Subject
Information to learn
1.
Anatomy
Cerebral anatomy
2
Physiology
Nociceptive and antinociceptive systems. Functions of
the pain. Sleep physiology. Sleep phases.
3.
Pathophysiology Pain influence on organism. Headache mechanisms.
4. Assignments for individual work during preparation for the classes:
The list of basic terms, characteristics, which students must learn during the
preparation for the classes:
-headache
-facial pain
-tension headache
Cluster headache
-migraine
-aura
- migrainous status
-disomnia
-parasomnia
-sleep phases
-intracranial hypertension
The list of theoretical questions:
1. Headache
etiology
and
mechanisms:
vascular,
liquor-dynamic,
neuralgic, muscular tension, psychalgic, mixed.
2. Classification. Nosological forms of headache: migraine, headache of
tension, fascicular pain. Differential diagnostics, principles of treatment.
3. Migraine – etiology, modern pathogenesis mechanisms. Clinical forms
(regular migraine, without aura, associated), diagnostics, differential
diagnosis, principles of treatment (during attacks and period between them).
4. Headache during intracranial hypotension syndrome. Itracranial hypertension
syndrome (etiopathogenetic factors, subjective data, clinical and instrumental
data).
5. Sleep and wakefulness statuses upsets: sleep stages, sleep upsets –
presomnia, sleep damage – insomnia, factors and treatment. Hypersomnia –
pathological sleepiness. Sleep apnea syndrome and its treatment.
The list of practical skills that are to be mastered at the classes:
1. Individual supervision of the patients with a headache.
2. Definition of the dominant neurological syndrome in the patient.
3. Verification of a topical diagnosis in the examined patient (if necessary).
4. Conducting differential diagnostics in order to define the headache character.
5. Verification of the stated clinical diagnosis..
6. Definition of a disease etiology, peculiarities of pathogenesis, its development
and complications in the examined patient..
7. Verification of the treatment administered to the patient
8. Definition of the prognosis of disease development in the given patient..
Students’ self-preparation curriculum:
1.To learn theoretical questions of the topic 19 (see the list of the
theoretical questions and information sources).
2.To know the methodic of examination of neurological status in patients
ill with headache and sleep abnormalities.
Materials for self-control
1. To classify headache according to pathogenesis and etiology.
2. To find correct answers to tests and situational tasks (the collection of tst
questions and tasks, the “Headache” chapter)
Information Sources
Lecture
1. Shcrobot S.I., Hara I.I. Neurology in lecture (Selected lectures) . Ternopil, TSMU,
«Ukrmedknyha», 2008. 319 p.
2. Reinhard Rohkamm. Color Atlas of Neurology © 2004 Thieme. 440 p.
3. Crash course Neurology by Anish Bahra and Katia Cikurel. Copyright 2006, Elsevier,
Inc. 244 p.
4. Adams and Victors. Principles of neurology. © 2005 McGraw-Hill . Medical Publishing
Division.
5. Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Review 2006-2007. Chapter 18. Editor-in-Chief Thomas
M. Habermann, MD