Guided Lecture Notes
Chapter 14: Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Fever
Learning Objective 1. State the purpose of inflammation (refer to PowerPoint Slides
2–4).

Describe how inflammatory conditions are named.

Using examples, explain the general difference between acute and chronic
inflammation (refer to PowerPoint Slides 5 and 26).
Learning Objective 2. State the five cardinal signs of acute inflammation, and describe
the physiologic mechanisms involved in the production of these signs.

Describe when acute inflammation occurs, in relation to the immune response.

Define rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, and functio laesa.

List other systemic manifestations that may occur during the acute-phase response
(refer to PowerPoint Slide 5).
Learning Objective 3. Compare the vascular and cellular phases of the inflammatory
response.

Identify when vascular changes occur during the inflammatory process.

Describe the three vascular patterns of response (refer to PowerPoint Slide 6).

Identify the types of leukocytes involved in the cellular stage of the inflammatory
response, and explain their role (refer to PowerPoint Slides 11–13 and Fig. 141).
Learning Objective 4. Contrast acute and chronic inflammation.

Using examples, explain the differences between acute and chronic inflammation
with regard to causes and characteristics.
Learning Objective 5. List four types of inflammatory mediators and state their
functions.

Identify inflammatory mediators released by leukocytes, and explain their
function (refer to PowerPoint Slide 14).

Identify inflammatory mediators released by plasma cells, and explain their
function (refer to PowerPoint Slide 17).
Learning Objective 6. Name and describe the five types of inflammatory exudates.

Describe types of inflammatory exudates, and explain under what circumstances
each would occur (refer to PowerPoint Slide 9 and Fig. 14-4).

Define ulceration, and describe under what circumstances it might occur.
Learning Objective 7. Define the characteristics of an acute-phase response (refer to
PowerPoint Slide 19).

Describe the systemic inflammatory response.

Identify the usual onset of the acute-phase response.

Describe changes that occur during the acute-phase response.

Explain the functions of C-reactive protein and ESR.
Learning Objective 8. Compare labile, stable, and permanent cell types in terms of their
capacity for regeneration.

Using examples, describe labile, stable, and permanent/fixed cells, and describe
their ability to undergo mitosis (refer to PowerPoint Slide 28).
Learning Objective 9. Describe healing by primary and secondary intention.

Using examples, differentiate between wound closure and healing that occurs by
primary and secondary intention (refer to Fig. 14-6).
Learning Objective 10. Trace the wound-healing process through the inflammatory,
proliferative, and remodeling phases.

Describe the three phases of wound healing, and explain how the healing process
differs between primary and secondary intention (refer to PowerPoint Slide 31
and the Understanding Wound Healing display).
Learning Objective 11. Explain the effect of malnutrition; ischemia, and oxygen
deprivation; impaired immune and inflammatory responses; and infection, wound
separation, and foreign bodies on wound healing.

Using examples, list the factors that affect wound healing.
Learning Objective 12. Define core temperature.

Define thermostatic set point, and explain how it is regulated (refer to Fig. 14-8).

Explain how the thermoregulatory center responds to increases and decreases in
temperature (refer to Fig. 14-9 and Table 14-1).
Learning Objective 13. Describe the mechanisms of heat production.

Identify neurotransmitters that shift metabolism toward heat production.

Describe involuntary bodily actions that produce heat.

Explain how physical exertion impacts body temperature.
Learning Objective 14. Define the terms conduction, radiation, convection, and
evaporation, and relate them to the mechanisms for heat loss from the body.

Using examples, explain how radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation
cause heat loss.
Learning Objective 15. Characterize the physiology of fever.

Define fever/pyrexia, and list its causes.

Explain how the thermoregulatory center responds to fever (refer to PowerPoint
Slides 20–21 and Fig. 14-10).
Learning Objective 16. Define neurogenic fever.

Define neurogenic fever, and list its possible causes.
Learning Objective 17. Describe the four stages of fever.

Describe the signs and symptoms associated with the four stages of fever.

Identify other symptoms that often accompany fever.

Discuss treatments for fever.
Learning Objective 18. Explain what is meant by intermittent, remittent, sustained, and
relapsing fevers.

Using examples, describe the four patterns of fever (refer to Fig. 14-11).
Learning Objective 19. State the relationship between body temperature and heart rate.

Explain the relationship of HR to the level of temperature increase.
Learning Objective 20. Discuss the clinical guidelines specific to children 0 to 36
months of age in regard to the treatment of fever.

Identify common causes of fever in the infant-to-3-year age group.

State the AHCPR Expert Panel’s guidelines for the treatment of fever without a
source in this age group.

Describe the factors that determine whether fever in infants and children is
categorized as high or low risk, and discuss treatment options for each.
Learning Objective 21. State the definition of fever in elderly persons and cite possible
mechanisms for altered febrile response in elderly persons.

Compare the basal temperatures of the elderly to those of younger people.

Identify the guidelines for diagnosing a fever in the elderly population.

Discuss factors that explain the blunted febrile response in the elderly.