Practice.Version B, Exam2.Chpt3
Name: ____________________ Score: ____/_____ = _____
Help to Save the World
Do you know what an "ecological footprint" is? An ecological footprint is the amount of land and water area a group of
human beings would need to provide the resources required for life and to process the waste of everyday life. Do you
know the size of your "ecological footprint"? Everyday resources such as food, water, land, transportation, cleaning
products, and office products all affect the health of the earth. The size of each person's ecological footprint varies
greatly, depending on how they use all of the resources available to them. There are many actions people can take to
minimize, or lessen, their ecological footprint, and therefore help our planet sustain or support itself.
At Home
In our quotidian (daily) routines, we can walk, bike, carpool, and car-share. Cars represent one of the largest sources
of climate threatening greenhouse gas emissions. It also has other serious environmental impacts, such as
deforestation due to building roads, air and water pollution, the accidental killing of at-risk species, etc. Walking,
biking, and using public transportation reduces greenhouse gas emissions. If a car is a necessity, there are different
models of hybrid, gas-electric ones now available. These types of cars have half the emissions of regular cars. Carpooling and car-sharing (renting a car only when you absolutely need to use one) is another way to reduce
emissions. In Europe, car-sharing is being done by more than 150,000 people in 450 cities. One car-share vehicle is
the equivalent to four to eight privately owned vehicles, which makes more and bigger roads and parking lots less
necessary.
Our diets also play a role in reducing our impact on the environment. People can eat more grains and vegetables
and less meat. A meat-based diet requires about 10 times the land area to feed one person than a plant-based diet.
This is because cattle must graze, and an enormous amount of land is used to grow their feed. Diverting water from
rivers in order to create fields for farming and livestock changes the landscape of millions of hectares of land. This
destroys native water species and reduces the amount of green plants and trees (the "lungs" of the Earth). If each
person eliminates one beef meal a week, it will save 40,000 gallons of water, 70 tons of grain, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 300 pounds each year.
Most importantly, since we cannot completely stop creating waste, people can recycle and reuse. Instead of tossing
out containers and packaging such as cardboard boxes, plastic clamshells, plastic bags and paper wrappings, we
can recycle them to save energy, reduce air emissions, and reduce the need for additional mining, logging, and
manufacturing. Reusing plastic grocery bags or recycling them at the local supermarket also provides all the above
benefits.
At Work
Just as we can do so at home, workers can reduce energy consumption by turning off the lights whenever they are
not in use. Artificial lights use about 40 percent of electricity in the average office building. By turning off the lights
and using natural light whenever possible, we go through energy more slowly from hydro-electric and coal plants.
This helps decrease air and water pollution. Recycling waste paper or reusing the reverse sides of documents for
scrap paper can help to keep us from using up the limited number of trees available. Today, more than half of all
paper in the United States is not recycled, which equals about 35 million tons per year. Although soiled paper such
as napkins and used food boxes must be dumped, all kinds of clean paper -- computer, copier, printer, colored, fax,
etc. can and should be recycled. Manufacturing new paper from recycled paper has several advantages. It creates
74% less air pollution and 35% less water pollution, and 58% less water and 68% less energy is required. Furthermore, we can use eco-textiles such as bamboo, cotton, and rayon that are more sustainable or easily produced
instead of trees to make fabric.
It is not necessary for every human being on the earth to follow these guidelines one hundred percent of the time, but
if every person made more of a conscious effort to incorporate some of them into their daily life, the ecological
footprint of the human race would be much smaller and the earth would be a healthier place.
I.Multiple Choice: Based on the reading, select the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
____
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
a.
how to buy a hybrid car
b.
how to recycle
c.
water and air pollution
d.
how to affect your ecological footprint
____
2. What is one way to reduce greenhouse emissions?
a.
eat more meat
c.
b.
walk to work
d.
drink less water
use plastic grocery bags
____
3. How much water can making new paper with recycled paper save?
a.
35 percent
c.
68 percent
b.
58 percent
d.
74 percent
____
4. What are the "lungs" of the earth?
a.
green trees and plants
b.
areas with water
c.
d.
human organs
greenhouse gases
5. One car-share vehicle is equal to ____.
a.
four to eight parking lots
b.
car-pooling
c.
d.
four or more cars
150,000 people
6. What is the best meaning for the word graze?
a.
see
b.
hear
c.
d.
use
eat
____
____
____
____
7. Which of the following decreases water pollution?
a.
eating less beef
c.
b.
using natural light
d.
recycling plastic bags
car-sharing
8. What kind of paper cannot be recycled?
a.
fax
b.
colored
soiled
clean
c.
d.
____
9. Which of the following is an ecological problem with eating meat?
a.
bad for people’s hearts
c.
uses 10 times more
resources
b.
kills land species
d.
reduces emissions by 300
pounds
____
10. What is the best meaning of the word race?
a.
competition
b.
country
c.
d.
person
group
True or False (5): Based on the reading, write “T” for “True” and “F” for “False”
____
11. It is possible to make your ecological footprint smaller.
____
12. Most of the paper in the US is recycled.
____
13. Eating less beef is a way to conserve water.
____
14. Using artificial lights consumes the most electricity in offices.
____
15. Cattle don't need a lot of land.
III. Vocabulary Strategies, Using Examples (4): List the examples for each of the bolded phrases below. Then,
use examples from the text to help you create a definition for the following phrases in bold below. Do NOT use the
words in the bolded phrases in your definitions.
1.
(P2) environmental impacts:
Examples: ______________________________________________
Meaning: ______________________________________________
IV. Vocabulary Strategies, All (4): Use your vocabulary strategies to find the meanings in the reading passage for
the words and phrases below. Write the definition that you find for each one in the reading.
1. (P1) ecological footprint: __________________________________
2.
(P2) car-sharing: _________________________________________
3.
(P3) divert: __________________________________________
4.
(P5) consumption: _________________________________________
5.
(P5) eco-textiles: _____________________________________________
V. Pronouns (8): For each item below, write the pronoun and the word it replaces.
1. Manufacturing new paper from recycled paper has several advantages. It creates 74% less air pollution,
35% less water pollution, and 58% less water and 68% less energy is required.
Pronoun: ______________________ Word it replaced: __________________________
2. Ecological footprints vary greatly, depending on how people use all the resources available to them.
Pronoun: ______________________ Word it replaced: __________________________
3. Cars represent one of the largest sources of greenhouse emissions. It’s important to know it also has other
serious environmental impacts.
Pronoun: ______________________ Word it replaced: __________________________
4. People shouldn’t dump containers such as cardboard boxes, plastic clamshells, and plastic bags. We can
recycle them to save energy.
Pronoun: ______________________ Word it replaced: __________________________
VI. Understanding the Main Idea: Re-read the paragraph listed in parentheses. Then, write MI for Main idea, G
for too general, and S for Too Specific for each item. (9)
1. (P2)
______ Different types of transportation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
______ One car-share vehicle is the equivalent to four to eight privately owned vehicles.
______ Cars have many different problems throughout the world.
2. (P3)
______ A meat-based diet reduces the amount of green plants and trees.
______ A meat-based diet has many different advantages.
______ A meat-based diet is advantageous for the environment.
3. (P5)
______ There are many uses of different kinds of paper.
______ Recycling paper has many advantages.
______ Over half of the paper in the US is not recycled.
VII. Using Vocabulary (10): Based on the exam reading and the vocabulary in WR3, choose the word that best
completes each sentence. Do not change the forms of the words. Do not use the same word more than one time.
toss out
pollution
withstand
ponder
waste
resources
Advantages
toss in
reuse
recycling
16. Our company has an office paper ____________________ program.
17. Please ______________________ some unwrapped toys. We will give them to needy children next week.
18.
The city has so many cars that _________________ is an enormous problem. The sky
looks gray even when it’s sunny.
19. The earth's ____________________ need to be conserved.
20. The environment cannot _____________________damage forever. We need to start protecting it before it
is too late.
22. If we don’t ____________________ various ways we can conserve energy on a daily basis, there won’t
be enough resources for our children in the future.
23. We always ____________________ the plastic bags from the supermarket. Some stores will give us a
discount if we bring our own instead of taking new ones.
24. The coal plant produces a lot of ____________________.
25. There are many healthy ____________________ to a vegetarian diet
26.
being wasted.
People often ____________________ paper that can and should be used again instead of