Early Christian, Byzantine, Islamic, Romanesque, and Gothic Review
(Whew!)
Byzantine Unit Concepts
1. In the 330s Constantine moved Roman headquarters to Constantinople and
made Christianity the official state religion.
2. He started a schism between art and religion of the Eastern Empire and
Western Empire.
3. Western art stayed more realistic, while Eastern art became less natural
and more conceptual.
Romanesque Unit Concepts
1. When the year 1000 A.D. came there was no Last Judgment destruction,
there was a renewed interest in architecture.
2. Mainly, monasteries and the arts associated with building and decorating
them began to flourish again.
3. Also assocated with the work of monasteries, illuminated manuscripts
became a major art form.
Gothic Unit Concepts:
1. Though the Gothic cathedral was a new structure, that newness was created
by combining existing Romanesque architectural features.
2. The structure reflected the faith of the new middle class people and
instructed them at the same time.
3. Most of the art was connected to cathedrals.
4. THE GOTHIC CATHEDRAL WAS THE SUMMARY OF MEDIEVAL THOUGHT, FAITH, AND
ENGINEERING.
Vocabulary:
1. “Denaturing-”
2.
Lunettes
3.
Dematerialized-
4.
Central Plan-
5.
“head cluster-”
6.
“pantomime gesture-”
7.
Didactic-
8.
Diptych-
9.
“Ribbed drapery-”
10.
Eucharist-
11. Pendentive-
12.
Squinches-
13.
Mosque-
14.
Minaret-
15. Icon-
50.
Rose Window-
16.
Nave-
51.
Lancets-
17.
Transept-
52.
Portal-
18.
Apse-
53.
Pilgrimage-
19.
Apsidals-
Works to Know
20.
Ambulatory-
Early Christian
21.
Aisles-
1.
St. Michael the Archangel
22.
Narthex-
23.
Atrium-
2.
Lot and Abraham Parting-
24.
Propylaea-
25.
Altar-
3.
Old St. Peter’s Basilica-
26.
Choir-
27.
Clerestory-
28.
Triforium-
29.
Arcade-
30.
Baptistry-
31.
Campanile-
32.
Tympanum-
33.
Archivolts-
34.
Jamb statues-
35.
Trumeau-
36.
Lintel-
37.
Façade-
38.
Chevet-
39.
Tower-
40.
Latin Cross-
41.
Greek Cross-
42.
Pier-
43.
Buttress-
44.
Flying Buttress-
45.
Ribbed Vault-
46.
Groin Vault-
47.
Barrel Vault-
48.
Illuminated Manuscript-
49.
Gospels-
Byzantine
1.
San Vitale-
2.
Justinian and Attendants-
3.
Theodora and Attendants-
4.
Galla Placidia-
5.
Christ as the Good Shepherd-
6.
Sant’ Apollinare Nuovo-
7.
Hagia Sophia-
8.
Christ as the Judge-
9.
St. Mark’s-
10.
St. Basil’s-
11.
St. Dimitri’s-
12.
1.
Why Dark Ages Dark?
2.
Goth Migrations:
Madonna and Child-
Islamic Art
1.
Cordoba, Spain-
3.
Rise of Catholocism:
2.
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem-
4.
Monasteries and Monastic Orders:
3.
Alhambra5.
Age of Crusades:
4.
Court of the Lions-
FirstSecond/Third-
5.
Mosque of Samarra-
6.
Blue Mosque-
6.
Bubonic Plague:
7.
Taj Mahal-
7.
Feudalism:
8.
Angles/Saxons/Goths:
9.
Clovis;
Romanesque
1.
2.
Children’s-
Pisa Cathedral (Leaning Tower)
Bayeux Tapestry10.
Merovingian:
Gothic
1.
St. Denis-
11.
Carolingian:
2.
Chartres, Cathedral-
12.
Charles Martel (711 A.D.)
3.
Chartres Tympanum-
13.
Pepin the Short:
4.
Notre Dame, Cathedral-
14.
Charlemagne:
5.
Sainte-Chapelle-
15.
Holy Roman Empire:
6.
Reims Cathedral-
16.
Charles, Lothar, and Louis;
7.
Salisbury Cathedral-
17.
Otto I:
8.
Milan Cathedral-
18.
William the Conqueror:
19.
Harold:
History:
20.
Battle of Hastings (1066):
Big Concepts to Know:
1. What was the major difference between Byzantine and Early Christian art
(east and west)?
2. What was some of the symbolism used in Byzantine mosaics?
style lend itself to the purpose?
3. What are some defining characteristics of Islamic art?
examples.
How did the
Give some
4. Describe the symbolism of a Christian cathedral (this is the big onelots of vocab., and lots of symbols)
5. What are the major differences between Romanesque and Gothic
architecture?
6.
How did Gothic architecture evolve?
7.
What were illuminated manuscripts?
8.
Bayeux Tapestry and the Battle of Hastings:
Romanesque vs. Gothic Architecture
Romanesque
Emphasis
Elevation
Layout
Main Trait
Support
System
Engineering
Ambience
Exterior
Gothic