Review sheet – Chapters 1 and 2














Understand that oceanography is a multi-interdisciplinary science
Know that the ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface and accounts for ~97% of the water
found on Earth (only 3% of water on Earth is freshwater)
Know that the average depth of the ocean is ~3,800 meters (12,500 feet)
Know that the average temperature of the water is 3.9 ̊C (39 ̊F)
Know that the deepest part of the ocean is greater in ‘distance’ than the tallest mountain on
land
Know that there is really only one world ocean, but that it is classified into 5 named oceans
Know the 5 named oceans: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Southern and be able to locate them
on a map if given one
Understand that the Earth’s core is made of heavy iron and nickel, and its crust is made up of
lighter aluminum and silicon
Know that the thick portions of the crust make up land, while the thin portions of the crust
constitute the oceans
Know that Long Island is an ISLAND!
Know that explorers and scientists have been exploring the oceans for hundreds and thousands
of years
Know that lines of latitude runs parallel to the equator (‘left to right’), while lines of longitude
run from pole to pole (‘up and down’). Be able to label latitude and/or longitude lines if given an
image of the Earth with such lines
Know that the Challenger expedition was the most extensive and longest-continuous survey of
our oceans
Know that the ‘azoic hypothesis’ was the belief that no life existed below 550 meters, and that
the Challenger expedition disproved this hypothesis