STYLE NOTES FOR AUTHORS for preparation of Camera-Ready Copy
HES – 16
International Conference on
Heating by Electromagnetic Sources
Induction, Conduction, Dielectric, Microwaves Heating and EPM
(Electromagnetic Processing)
May 24-27, 2016 - Padua (Italy)
INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS
In order to achieve rapid publication, the texts will be printed directly from your typescripts. You are therefore
fully responsible for the printing quality of the paper and are kindly requested to observe the following
instructions. Texts must be written in English.
KEY DATE
Texts for publication should reach the address below by February 1, 2016.
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[1] Thorton, E.A., Wieting, A.R. (1980). Evaluating of finite-element formulation for transient conduction
forced-convection analysis. Numerical Heat Transfer, 3, 281-295.
[2] Mecholsky, J.J., Freiman, S.W. (1981). Fractographic analysis of delayed fracture in ceramics. In:
Fractography and material science (L.N. Gilbertson, R.D. Zipp, Eds.), Vol. 2,124-198, Philadelphia.
[3] Otaki, T. (1971). Holding refrigerant in refrigerant unit. Progress in Refrigeration Science and Technology,
Proceedings of the XII International Congress of Refrigeration, Washington D.C. 1971, Avi Publishing
Company Inc., 535-544.
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30 mm
EQUIVALENT WIND LOADING SPECTRUM TECHNIQUE
Title
and
authors
G. Piccardo(1) and G. Solari(1)
(1)
Complete
adress
of authors
Istituto di Scienza delle Costruzioni, University of Genova,
Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genova, Italy
75 mm
On page 1 start
abstract 75 mm
below the top
margin and then
carry on with text
ABSTRACT. Wind forces on structures are usually schematized by the sum of their mean
static part and a nil mean fluctuation generally treated as a stationary process randomly
varying in space and time. The multi-dimensional nature of such a process gives rise to
relevant numerical efforts in order to carry out the dynamic analysis of the structural response.
With the aim of drastically reducing the above computational burden, this paper introduces a
method by means of which the external fluctuating forces are schematized by an equivalent
identically coherent process, rather than by the actual cross-correlated process. This process is
identified by a power spectral density function, called the Equivalent Wind Loading
Spectrum, whose expression is given in closed form.
INTRODUCTION
Wind action is usually schematized by a suitable distribution of forces applied on the
structural surface. These forces are represented by the sum of their mean static part and a nil
mean fluctuation generally treated as a stationary process randomly varying in space and time
and schematized, in the frequency domain, by their cross-power spectral density function.
25 mm
WIND LOADING MODEL
Time domain analysis
Using the model [3, 4], F , F' are given by:
F z  
25 mm
1 2
u z b  Cu  u z 
2
(2)
'
z; t 
F' z; t     F
(3)
where C is the , component (=x,y,; =u,v,w,s) of the following matrix:
cd cd  c  cos 
C   c cd  c cos 
c m c m cos 
cd  c sin 
cd c sin 
c msin 
cds 
cs 
c ms 
(7)
Figures 7 show the rms values of the x alongwind and y crosswind displacements (a) and
of the  torsional rotation (b) of model 2 in the middle of its span. The solid lines correspond
to the rigorous solutions based on Eq. 16; the dashed lines are the obtained applying the
PAGE N.
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(only on the first page)
IMPORTANT: NO NOT FOLD SHEETS
Equation
number
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From page 2
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EWLST. As shown by the diagram of figure (b) there is a fairly good correspondence
between the two different solutions.
Figure will be
20% reduced
make sure of
their quality
Figure 7. Dynamic response of model 2.
Ident in three
strokes each
new paragraph
It is possible to verify that in the class of the usual mode shapes a suitable K value exists,
depending on 1 (z), making Eq. 20 an almost exact approximation of Eq. 22. Table 1 gives a
list of such values.
Table 1. Noticeable values of K for horizontal structures ( = /2).

1(z)
1
sin(z/  )
sin(z/2  )
[1-cos(2z/  )]/2
(z/  )0.5
(z/  )1.0
(z/  )1.5
(z/  )2.0
(z/  )2.5
K(=u,v,w,s)
0.50
0.39
0.40
0.32
0.44
0.38
0.33
0.29
0.26
CONCLUSIONS
Using the Equivalent Wind Loading Spectrum Technique proposed in this paper, the
external fluctuating forces are schematized by an equivalent identically coherent process,
rather than by the actual cross-correlated process. This process is identified by a power
spectral density function, the Equivalent Wind Loading Spectrum, whose expression is given
in closed form.
REFERENCES
[1] Davenport, A.G. (1961). The application of statistical concepts to wind loading of
structures. Proc. Instn. Civ. Engrs., 19, 449-472.
[2] Davenport, A.G. (1962). The response of slender, line-like structures to a gusty wind.
Proc. Instn. Civ. Engrs., 23, 389-408.
[3] Vellozzi, J., Cohen, E. (1968). Gust response factor. J.Struct. Div., ASCE, 97, 1295-1313.