Chapter 9
Study Guide
3 stresses that deform the crust (tension, compression and shear)
3 types of fault (i.e. normal, thrust(reverse) and strike-slip)
earthquake
focus
epicenter
volcano
pipe
crater
caldera
cinder cone
seismograph
pyroclastics (i.e. ash, lava bombs, lava, etc.)
3 areas where volcanic activity occurs
effusive eruptions
shield volcano
explosive eruptions
composite volcano
topography
relief
know the three crustal orders of relief
craton
terrane
basalt plateau
Active, dormant, extinct volcanoes
Other Concepts
Be able to identify the types of faults. Know the stresses that create the faults and the type of off
set or displacement you would expect with each fault.
Describe the three situations that lead to volcanoes. Compare the type of volcanic activity for
each situation.
Compare effusive and explosive eruptions. Why are they different and what distinct landforms
are produced by each type?
Know how the characteristics of lava relate to the type of volcanic explosion (effusive versus
explosive)
What are some benefits of volcanoes?
How is new crust added to a continent? In other words, how might an continent increase in size?