My Major Courses:
Course Symbol & Number: BCH 349
Course Title: Metabolism Practical
Credit Hours: 2(0+2)
Topics: Essential experiments in the metabolism of Carbohydrates and .
Lipids
Course Symbol & Number: BCH 443
Course Title: Biochemistry of specialized Tissues
Credit Hours: 2(2+0)
Topics:
Chemical, composition, biosynthesis and biochemical role of the following
tissues: Connective tissues in bone, cartilage, teeth, epithelial tissue,
muscle tissue and basis of contraction, nerve and brain, kidney and liver.
Lecture No
1-7
8
9-13
14-19
Topics
Connective Tissue: definitions, classification, components of
connective tissues-cell types. Collagen in detail,
tropocollagen structure, the synthesis of collagen in details,
Maturation of collagen. Biochemical basis of other collagenassociated diseases e.g. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.
Collagenases , tissue and bacterial, role in health and disease.
Elastin, occurrence, physiochemical properties, amino acid
composition, cross-links. Ground substance: composition and
function. Cartilage, occurrence and composition. Bone ,
composition and structure of mineral of mineral phase,
hydroxyapatite, organic constituents. Calcium metabolism:
Forms of blood calcium. Physiological functions of calcium.
Regulation of blood calcium by 1,25dihydroxycholcalciferol, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
Blood phosphate. Teeth, brief structure. Composion of
enamel, dentine and cementum. Dental caries and role of
fluorides.
Epithelial Tissue, Definition and cellular structure. Melanin,
location and structure. Synthesis of melanin. Albinism,
biochemical basis of the various types.
Muscle Tissue: Classification of muscles. Skeletal muscle cell
structure in detail, internal membrane systems, e.g.
sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myofibril structure, sarcomere
structure in detail. Thick and thin filaments, their arrangement
as the physical basis for the striated appearance of skeletal
muscle. Sliding filament hypothesis. Proteins of striated
muscles, myosin, structure and properties, enzymic cleavage,
heavy and light myosin and their properties. Arrangement of
myosin in thick filaments. Actin, structure and properties, Gactin and F-actin. Molecular basis of contraction, ATP cycle.
Nerve Tissue: Brief introduction to anatomy of central and
peripheral nervous systems. Neuron morphology, dendrites,
axons etc. Sensory and motor nerves. Definitions of
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, ganglia,
synapses etc. Membrane potentials, role of Na+-K+ ATPase.
Effects of inhibitors e.g. Ouabain. Action potentials, Sodium
and potassium “channels”. Molecular basis and action of
inhibitors e.g. tetrodotoxin etc.
Neurotransmitters: definition and characteristics.
Acetylcholine synthesis, storage, release, mechanism of action
and catabolism in detail. Role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) .
Other neurotransmitters in brief, e.g. Dopamine, serotonin.
Brain: composition. Grey matter, white matter. Brain lipids,
proteins and inorganic components. Blood-brain barriers,
physical basis. Energy sources, respiratory quotient and
oxygen consumption in normal state, hypoglycaemia and
insulin shock. Ketone bodies and their role in starvation.
Amino acid metabolism of brain and toxicity of ammonia.
20-23
24-26
Kidney: Brief introduction to kidney structure and function.
Kidney metabolism in brief. Definitions of “clearance” “renal
threshold” and “transport maximum”. Mechanism of excretion
of various non-electrolytes and electrolytes. Role of kidney in
maintenance of acid-base balance.
Liver: Metabolic profile of the liver- an overview. Role of the
Liver in the integration of metabolism
The First Continues Assessment Exam: 7-10- 1428 H 29-10-2007
The Second Continous Assessment Exam: 28-11-1428 8-12-2007
Course Symbol and Number: BCH 476
Course Title
Credit Hours
: Antibiotics
: 2 (2+0)
Topics:
Usage of antibiotics. Isolation, purification and characterization of antibiotics.
Classification, structural and functional properties of antibiotics. Mode of
action of antibiotics. Modes of resistance from the biochemical point of view.
Lecture No.
1
2
3-4
Topics
Introduction, definition of antibiotics, sources of
antibiotics.
Usage of antibiotics, in medicine and animal feed.
When & Why antibiotics are produced. The concept of
idiophase & trophase. Primary and secondary metabolism in
relation to antibiotic production. Ecological role of antibiotics
in nature.
Choice and administration of antibiotics to humans Isolation of
Isolation of the microorganisms.
5
6-7
8
Classification of antibiotics on the basis of biological effect.
Classification of antibiotics according to chemical structure.
Carbohydrate antibiotic structure and characteristics e.g.
Streptomycin and neomycins.
Macrocyclic lactone antibiotics- characteristics & mode of
action e.g erythromycin, nystatin, amphtericin B etc.
9
10
11-13
14-16
17-18
19-20
21-22
23
24-25
Quinine and similar antibiotics. General structural properties,
General structural properties, e.g. tetracyclines, mitomycins.
Amino acid, peptides antibiotics. Site of action. {e.g.
Penicillin, cephalosporin}, Gramicidins A, Gramicidins S
and actiomycins.
Alicyclic antibiotics e.g. cycloheximide. Aromatic antibiotic
e.g. chloramphenicol. Aliphatic antibiotics e.g.
phosphonomycin. Sources, structural and functions.
Mechanism of action of antibiotics, biochemical targets or
sites of action of antibiotics: Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
e.g. penicillin, cephalosporin, cycloserine, phosphonomycin.
Antibiotics affecting membrane structure & function. e.g.
Valinomycin, gramicidinA , polymyxins, polyene.
Antibiotics affecting purine & pyrimidine synthesis.
Inhibitors of de novo purine & pyrimidine synthesis e.g.
e.g. azaserine & DON. Inhibitors of nucleotide Interco version
e.g. hadacidin.
Antibiotics inhibiting ribonucleic acid metabolism
Directly e.g. azaserine, DON, formycin, rifamicin.
Indirectly inhibitors of RNA synthesis.
Antibiotics that inhibit DNA metabolism by a. cross-linking
covalently with DNA e.g. anthramycin. b. intercalation with
DNA e.g. actinomycin D & daunomycin. c. non-covalently
interacting with DNA e.g. chromomycin & distamycin A.
Protein biosynthesis-inhibition by antibiotics
a. Inhibitors of the initiation stage e.g. streptomycin &
tetracyclin. b. Inhibitors of the elongation stage e.g.
chloramphenicol, cycloheximide & erythromycine.
c. Inhibitors of the termination stage e.g. puromycin.
26
27-28
Oxidative phosphorylation & chain inhibitors e.g.
antimycin A, oligomycin, gramicidin A, valinomycin
Modes of resistance to antibiotics, a. modification of
the target enzyme b. reduction of the physiological
importance of the target c. prevention of access of the
inhibitor d. synthesis of an enzyme capable of inactivating
the inhibitor.
The First Continuous Assessment Exam: 25-10-1428 H, 6-11-2007 G
The second Continuous Assessment Exam: 1-12-1428 H, 11-12-2007 G