Chapter 1 Cells
Lesson 2 From Cells to Organisms
Main Idea
Cells make up tissues, which make up organs, which make up organ systems.
Vocabulary
Unicellular (38) –a one celled organisms
Organism (38) – an individual living thing
Multicellular (39) – an organism made up of many different kinds of cells
Tissue (40) – A group of similar cells that do the same job in an organism
Organ (40) – tissues of different kinds that come together for a specific purpose
Organ system (41) – a group of organs that work together to do a certain job
1.2.1 How are living things organized
Main Idea
A unicellular organism carries out life processes within one cell. A multicelluilar
organism has specialized cells to carry out life processes.
Supporting Details
A. Organism is an individual living thing.
B. Unicellular organisms
a. Unicellular organism are one celled organisms that carry out all of the
processes of life within a single cell.
b. Examples of unicellular organisms are diatoms, bacteria, protozoa,
unicellular algae, and unicellular fungi or yeasts.
C. Multicellular organisms
a. Multicellular organisms are organisms that are made up of many
different kinds of cells
b. Examples of multicellular organisms are plants and animals.
c. Every cell in a multicellular organism carries out its own life process
D. Life processes in living things
a. Growth – the ability to increase in size
b. Response – the ability to react and change in surroundings
c. Reproduction – the ability to produce offspring
d. Nutrition – the ability to take in food or raw materials to support other
life processes
e. Respiration – the ability to break down food into energy
f. Excretion – the removal of waste
1.2.2 How do cells work together?
Main Idea
A tissue is a group of cells that work together at the same job. Tissues form organs
which work together and form organ systems. Organ systems make up organisms.
Supporting Details
A. A group of similar cells that do a similar job in an organism is a tissue.
a. Plants and animals have tissues
b. Examples of animal tissues are muscles, blood, nerves, bones, and
skin
c. Example of plant tissues are the tissues that carry water throughout
the plant. The flesh of fruit is another example of plant tissue. It
protects the plant’s seeds.
B. Plant and animals tissues that come together for a specific purpose form
organs
a. Examples of plant organs are stems, fruit, onions (store water).
b. Examples of animal organs are brains, lungs, heart, and stomach.
C. A group of organs that work together to do a certain job is an organ system.
a. The different transport systems in plants and animals help carry out
that organism’s life processes.
1.2.3 What are some plant and animals organ systems?
Main Idea
Plants and animals have many different organ systems to carry out life processes.
Supporting Details
A. Multicellular organisms have several organ sytems
B. Plants
a. Roots are the main organ in a plant’s root system.
b. Stems and leaves are organs in the shoot system
c. Other plant systems
i. Transportation of materials
ii. Reproduction
C. Animals
a. Stomach is part of an organ system that breaks down materials
b. Bones, muscles, and brain are part of systems that control an animal’s
movements and responses.
c. Skin and lungs are part of the animal’s respiration system.
d. Skin is also part of an organ system that protects the body.
e. An animal’s heart is part of the organ system that transports blood and
other nutrients.