Environmental Health Unit Whitehorse City Council 379 Whitehorse Road Nunawading 3131 Locked Bag 2, Nunawading Delivery Centre Vic 3131 Ph: 9262 6197 Fax: 9262 6506 REQUIREMENTS FOR CLASS 3 FIXED FOOD PREMISES (Including Minimum Records) December 2010 TRIM: 10/169689 1 INTRODUCTION The Food Act 1984 regulates the sale of food for human consumption. On 1 July 2010, a new state-wide food business classification system and changed regulatory requirements have been adapted for food premises operating in Victoria. Under the Food Act 1984, all premises selling food must be registered with their local council. Section 35A of the Food Act 1984 stipulates: 35A(1) The proprietor of a food business must not allow the business to operate from any food premises– (a) That is not registered with the registration authority in accordance with Division 3; or (b) While the registration of the premises is suspended. Under the Food Act 1984, it is an offence with a monetary penalty for operating a food premises without Food Act Registration. WHAT IS A CLASS 3 FOOD PREMISES? A class 3 food premises is a premises that handles low risk food, the wholesale of pre-packaged food, or sells prepackaged or potentially hazardous food that requires temperature control. It also includes community Groups where food is cooked prior to consumption and does not operate more than 2 consecutive days. For a full list of class 3 activities see the Department of Health website www.health.vic.gov.au/foodsafety . If your activities are not listed, please contact the Environmental Health Unit of 9262 6197 for assistance with the classification of your premises. WHAT IF WE CHANGE THE TYPE OF FOOD WE SELL? Please note that if you plan to alter the type of food you will be selling to include higher risk activities (such as unpackaged high risk foods, e.g. meats, smallgoods, seafood, salads, sandwiches, cooked rice and pasta etc, then you must notify Council’s Environmental Health Unit. You are obligated under the Food Act to advise Council of any changes in the types of food you sell. Council will decide whether reclassification of your food premises is required. If your classification changes you must ensure you meet the food safety regulatory requirements of that class. WHAT ARE THE REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OF CLASS 3 FOOD PREMISES? As a class 3 your food premises must: Ensure that food that is sold or prepared for sale is safe to eat Retain annual registration with the City of Whitehorse Be inspected by Council when initially registered, or on transfer of the food premises to a new proprietor, and a minimum of once per year thereafter as part of the registration renewal process Maintain the minimum records contained in this booklet relating to your food handling practices. These minimum records must be kept on site at your food premises at all times Ensure that you comply with the Food Act 1984 and the Food Standards Code at all times. Examples of requirements include: o Food safety knowledge o Cleaning and sanitising requirements o Structural requirements o Thermometer maintenance and use requirements o Registration requirements o Pest control requirements o Food recall requirements o Food storage requirements o Thawing frozen food requirements o Preparation requirements o Cooking requirements o Reheating prepared food requirements o Food storage requirements o Labelling requirements o Record keeping requirements FOOD SAFETY TRAINING FOR STAFF WORKING WITH FOOD Given the low food safety risks associated with class 3 activities, your premises is no longer required by law to have a Food Safety Supervisor. However Council recommends that food handling staff undertake a free online food 2 safety training provided by the Department of Health. ‘Do Food Safely’ provides training, information and advice for people preparing and handling food. ‘Do Food Safety’ is available at http://dofoodsafely.health.vic.gov.au/ . A certificate is provided to all participants who satisfactorily complete the course. This certificate should be kept onsite at the premises to demonstrate staff training. Food Safety Knowledge and skills. What are the risks? Food handlers with poor knowledge or practices may contaminate food which may cause food to be unsafe and result in food poisoning of customers. Handy hints Ensure that all staff who handle food maintain good personal hygiene. Make sure the hand wash basin is working properly Avoid touching nose, mouth, hair and skin during food preparation Prevent coughing or sneezing directly onto any food Tie back long hair and wear head gear (such as hats and disposable hair nets) to prevent hair getting into food Wear minimum jewellery (a plain wedding band is acceptable). Ensure that all staff who handle food use the following work practices: Do not wear uniforms outside the food area Wear suitable protective clothing while preparing and handling food Use disposable gloves appropriately Do not or eat or drink in food preparation areas Cover cuts or sores with a waterproof, bright (preferably blue) band-aid Ensure that all staff wash their hands frequently, including when they have been: − To the toilet − Handling any food that might potentially contaminate other food products (including raw ingredients and allergens) − Eating or drinking, smoking, licking fingers, biting nails − Coughing, sneezing, using a handkerchief or disposable tissue − Disposing of or handling waste − Handling anything else other than food (e.g. money, cleaning cloths, cleaning equipment) CLEANING AND SANITISING REQUIREMENTS Ensure food preparation surfaces and equipment are kept clean and sanitised What are the risks? Food might be contaminated and become unsafe to eat if the food premises, food preparation equipment and food transport vehicles and containers are not cleaned and sanitised properly. Dirty equipment used in food preparation can transfer bacteria and cause food poisoning. Dirty cloths can spread bacteria in food preparation areas. Bacteria from cleaning cloths could spread to food preparation areas if staff do not follow basic food hygiene practices. Most food poisoning bacteria are killed if they are exposed to chemical sanitisers, heat or a combination of both. Six cleaning steps for food contact surfaces and equipment 1. Pre-clean – scrape, wipe or sweep away food scraps and rinse with water. 2. Wash – use hot water and detergent to remove grease and dirt, and soak if needed. 3. Rinse – rinse off any loose dirt or detergent foam. 4. Sanitise – use a sanitiser to kill remaining germs. 5. Final rinse – wash off sanitiser (read sanitiser’s instructions to see if you need to do this). 6. Dry – allow to air dry. Cleaning handy hints Create a cleaning schedule to keep track of what must be cleaned and when. A cleaning schedule should include: − All equipment and surfaces to be cleaned, how to clean these items, how often to clean these items and who should do it. 3 Operate a clean-as-you-go policy and clean all spillages immediately. Provide cleaning materials, equipment and cleaning agents in order to clean effectively. Use clean or disposable dishcloths, single-use paper towels are better than cloths. Wash cloths in hot water and detergent after every use and sanitise dishcloths regularly. Replace cloths regularly during each shift. Have a specific receptacle to store dirty cloths that need washing. Sanitising and chemical usage handy hints Know what your cleaning products are designed for and how to get the best from them before you use them. Check with your chemical supplier for advice about what cleaning agents are suitable for food premises, food contact surfaces and equipment. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions when using a sanitiser. Some sanitisers work as a detergent and a sanitiser and some might need to be applied more than once when used for heavy cleaning work. Clean surfaces before sanitising – unclean surfaces cannot be sanitised. If using bleach as a sanitiser: Make up your bleach-and-water solutions every 24 hours because the chemical breaks down and becomes ineffective after this time. Preparation of solutions should occur away from food and food preparation areas. Old batches or out-of-date chemicals should be disposed of safely. Use the appropriate bleach and water solution ratios – 2.5 ml (1 teaspoon) of bleach to 1 litre of water for household bleaches or 1ml of bleach to 1 litre of water for commercial bleaches. (Check ratios on products label or with your supplier.) Store chemicals in clearly labelled containers that are free from damage or leaks in a designated area separate from food preparation and food storage areas. Never store chemicals in food or drink containers. STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS Ensure the food premises is maintained in a good working order A food business must maintain the food premises, fixtures, fittings, equipment, and those parts of vehicles that are used to transport food, in a good state of repair and working order. A food business must not use any chipped, broken or cracked eating or drinking utensils for handling food. Handy hints Maintain equipment and replace when defective. Other parts of your premises, such as pest control screens and refrigerators, must always be working properly to maintain the safety of the food you produce. Create a maintenance schedule to track when equipment has been serviced and note when the next service is due. You might wish to note it in your business diary (instead or as well). THERMOMETER MAINTENANCE AND USE REQUIREMENTS Ensure that all thermometers and temperature measuring equipment are accurate and calibrated correctly. What are the risks? Without an accurate thermometer you might not know whether high-risk foods have been sufficiently cooked, are being kept at the correct temperature in a refrigerator or display unit, are being cooled and reheated safely or whether high-risk food is at the correct temperature when it arrives at your business. A thermometer might contaminate food if it is used incorrectly or not cleaned and sanitised properly. You are required to keep high-risk food foods at 5°C or colder or at 60°C or hotter when being stored, displayed and transported. Other time and temperature requirements apply to the cooking and reheating of cooked high-risk foods. Handy hints for maintaining your thermometer Keep thermometers easily accessible at your business premises. Use a thermometer that can be inserted into the food to measure its core (the middle). This means the thermometer must have a probe. Use a thermometer that is accurate to ±1°C. This means that when the thermometer reads 5°C, the actual temperature of the food is between 4°C and 6°C. The thermometer must be easy to read. A digital probe is the best type. Sanitise the thermometer before and after using it. Handy hints for using your thermometer 4 Make sure the thermometer is calibrated regularly (as per the supplier or manufacturer’s requirements). Make sure the probe on the thermometer is cleaned and sanitised before and after measuring food Take the food’s core temperature by inserting the probe into the food and wait approximately 30 seconds until the temperature reading stabilises before reading the temperature. Measure the surface temperature of vacuum packed or frozen foods by placing the length of the probe thermometer between two vacuum packs or frozen items — the temperature will be approximate, but the package will remain intact. CHECKING THE ACCURACY OF THERMOMETERS To make sure that food is at the correct temperature, you need to check temperatures regularly. To do this properly, you’ll need an accurate thermometer. You should check the accuracy of your thermometer at 6 monthly using the following calibration procedures: Crush ice into a container. Add enough pre-cooled water to make an ice/water mixture or slurry. Insert thermometer into the mixture. Wait three minutes and record the temperature. If you cook or re-heat food, your thermometer will also have to be calibrated at a high temperature. Place the thermometer into boiling water and allow a few minutes for the temperature to stabilise. The temperature should read 100°C when the thermometer is removed. The temperature should read 0°C. If it varies by more than 1°C (up or down), it should be adjusted or, if that’s not possible, replaced. Probe type thermometers have a limited battery life, and the batteries should be replaced towards the end of their useful life if accuracy is to be maintained. Chill thermometers (in refrigeration units) need to be calibrated regularly, as they can become damaged. You can do this by placing your portable thermometer near the chill thermometer and comparing the reading. If the chill thermometer reading does not match your calibrated thermometer you should contact your refrigeration service. If you use temperature indicators, these should be checked against a calibrated thermometer prior to use. Replace the indicators if they are not accurate. PEST CONTROL REQUIREMENTS Ensure that food is secure and protected from pests. What are the risks? Food might be contaminated by pests and become unsafe for eating. Pests can include mice, rats, cockroaches, flies, ants, birds, beetles and weevils. Control of pests and throwing out contaminated food can be costly for the business. Handy hints Design and maintain the food premises so that pests cannot access any place where there is food or any place where they can nest or breed. Install screens on doors and windows that can be opened. Install pest exclusion strips on all doors. Conduct regular pest inspections of your premises and take corrective action as required. Label bait stations with the date of installation and secure to the ground. Use a diary or create a log sheet to record what bait was used, note any pest activity and areas that need to be cleaned or repaired to keep the premises secure from pests. Use sealed pest-proof containers when storing or displaying food and ingredients. Protect food from possible contamination if chemicals are used for pest control. FOOD RECALL REQUIREMENTS Ensure your responses to food recalls are prompt What is a food recall? A supplier, food manufacturer or a government official might notify you that a particular food is unsafe. If you stock that food, you are required by legislation to remove that food from sale and dispose of it as advised. This is known as a ‘food recall’. 5 What are the risks? The health of the public might be at risk if recalled food is not removed quickly and disposed of appropriately. Handy hints If you supply food to other businesses, obtain a copy of the FSANZ Food Industry Recall Protocol. Phone (02) 6271 2222 or visit their website www.foodstandards.gov.au/publications. Subscribe to FSANZ to receive information on food recalls from the Food Standards website www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer information/recalls. Know the name and address of all the suppliers of all your foods. Record this on your Supplies Record 1 When you receive a recall notice, take immediate action to remove food from use or display in your business. Follow all other instructions given by the supplier or the City of Whitehorse. FOOD STORAGE Ensure that stored food remains safe. What are the risks? High-risk food held at room temperature, which is in the temperature danger zone of 5°C to 60°C, can promote the growth of food poisoning bacteria and cause illness when eaten. Some packaged foods will have a shorter shelf life after it has been opened. Bacteria from raw or spoiled food can drip onto ready-to-eat food and cross-contaminate it. Food that is not properly wrapped or covered in storage can become contaminated by bacteria, foreign objects, dirt, chemicals or allergens. Food containing allergens may contaminate other food. Handy hints Read the label and store food in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Store foods known to contain allergens away from other foods. To find out more about allergens and how you may help customers with allergen questions, see www.health.vic.gov.au/foodsafety Keep all storage areas clean and keep food off the floor, so that you can clean it regularly. Don’t crowd the storage area (including in the cool room or freezer). Include all storage areas in your cleaning schedule. Make sure the freezer and refrigerator or cool room can keep food at the right temperatures. Don’t overload freezer or refrigeration units. Have refrigerators and cool rooms regularly checked and serviced by a qualified technician. During a power failure, keep all cool room and refrigerator doors closed. Check the temperature of all food when the power is restored. After opening food, reseal the container or put food into clean, food-grade containers with a secure fitting lid. Label containers with the product, batch number and date or keep the ingredient information on file. THAWING FROZEN FOOD Ensure that defrosting food does not contaminate other food and is defrosted thoroughly before cooking. What are the risks? Food poisoning bacteria can grow in food that is not defrosted properly. If food is still frozen or partially frozen, it will take longer to cook. The outside of the food could be cooked, but the centre might not be, which means it could contain food poisoning bacteria. The safest place to thaw frozen food is in the refrigerator or cool room. This takes longer than at room temperature so you have to plan ahead. Some food can take as long as two days to thaw completely. Keep meat, poultry and fish separate from other food and in suitable containers when defrosting, to prevent cross-contamination. Make sure juices from thawing food do not fall onto or contact other food, which could cause cross-contamination. Handy hints 6 Food must be thoroughly defrosted before cooking, unless the manufacturer’s instructions tell you to cook it from frozen (for example, ready-to-eat foods, such as frozen meals or individually quick-frozen foods). Whatever method is used to defrost food, you should try to use food straight after it has been defrosted. If you defrost a lot of foods in your business, consider setting aside refrigerator space specifically for defrosting or using a special defrosting cabinet. A fast way to defrost food is in the microwave using the ‘defrost’ setting. Foods defrosted in this way should be cooked immediately, as the temperature of the outside of the food is usually different to the temperature on the inside of the food, allowing food poisoning bacteria to grow. Throw away high-risk food if thawed in a microwave and left to stand for more than 2 hours. PREPARATION Ensure food does not become contaminated during preparation or handling. What are the risks? Raw food contains bacteria, so it’s important to follow hygienic practices to prevent food poisoning and keep food safe. Preparation brings food out of safe storage and exposes it to food safety risks If food is left too long out of refrigeration, bacteria can multiply and cause food poisoning. Unwashed hands and clothing and contaminate the food. Incorrect use of single use gloves can contaminate food. Bacteria on raw food, including food used for garnishes, can contaminate cooked or ready-to eat food. Foreign objects and chemicals can contaminate uncovered food. Allergens can spread from one type of food to another from surfaces, hands and equipment. Handy hints Wash ready-to-eat fruit and vegetables on the day you intend to use them. When preparing vegetable and salad ingredients, wash them thoroughly in clean drinking water (ideally in a separate sink dedicated to food preparation) Clean and sanitise chopping boards and work surfaces before preparing other foods. Wash hand thoroughly or change gloves between each task. COOKING Ensure that food is properly cooked. What are the risks? Raw or undercooked foods are the main source of bacteria in the kitchen. Food poisoning bacteria multiply rapidly between 5°C and 60°C if food is not thoroughly cooked or when cooked foods comes in contact with raw food. Boiling soups, sauces, gravies and casseroles can reduce bacteria. Some bacteria can survive this, however, and must be handled with care. If food is not handled safely before cooking, some bacteria will grow after cooking. If food is unsafe before cooking, it still may not be safe after cooking. Handy hints Create recipe cards for staff with clear instructions on cooking times and temperatures and adjust if necessary. Preheat cooking equipment before use; otherwise, food will take longer to cook and cooking times in recipes or manufacturer’s instructions may not be long enough to kill bacteria. To check a roast meat, insert a skewer into the centre until juices run out. The juices should not have any pink or red in them. Turn meat and poultry during cooking as this helps it to cook more evenly – check core temperature. Avoid cold spots in liquid dishes by stirring frequently. Cook eggs and foods containing eggs thoroughly. Eggs can contain food poisoning bacteria (salmonella). Cooking them thoroughly kills bacteria. Do not use eggs that are dirty, cracked, damaged, or past their useby date. Some dried pulses (such as red kidney beans) contain natural toxins that could make people ill unless they are destroyed by soaking and cooking. Follow the instructions on packaging. 7 REHEATING PRE-PACKAGED PREPARED FOOD Ensure food is reheated quickly and thoroughly. What are the risks? Reheating food means cooking it again, not just warming it up. Bacteria can survive in cooked reheated food that is not heated to at least 75°C in the centre. Bacteria can even survive cooking. Bacteria introduced after cooking might multiply if reheating is inadequate, making the food unsafe. Bacteria can be transferred to food from unwashed equipment, utensils and hands. . Handy hints Only reheat cooked food once. Always reheat food until it is hot (75°C or hotter) all the way through. Do not use bains-marie to reheat food because they cannot achieve a food temperature of 75°C within one hour. Where possible, stir or mix food to make sure there are no cold spots and the food is evenly reheated. Preheat equipment such as ovens and grills before use; otherwise, food will take longer to reheat and recommended reheating times in recipes or manufacturer’s instructions might not be long enough to kill bacteria. If you are reheating food in a microwave, follow the manufacturer’s instructions, including advice on standing and stirring. The manufacturer has tested their instructions to make sure that foods will be properly reheated. When food is microwaved, it can be very hot at the edges and still be cold in the centre – regular stirring helps to prevent this. Protect food from cross-contamination by using clean utensils and equipment during any handling. LABELLING REQUIREMENTS Product labels provide important information to consumers. Any food that is re packaged or made to be sold off site must contain a label with the following information: The name of the food The lot and premises identification The name and address of the manufacturer, packer, vendor or importer of the food Mandatory advisory and warning information Ingredient labelling Date markings Health and safety advice Nutrition information panel If you would like further information on labelling requirements please contact the Environmental Health Unit on 9262 6197. RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS Monitor the food safety practices within your business As a Class 3 fixed premises, you are required to maintain the following records. Suppliers Record 1 Weekly Cold Storage Record 2 Weekly Hot Storage Record 3 Check about temperature control of potentially hazardous food deliveries Record 4 Examples and blank record sheets are provided in this information pack for your use. Please remember to photocopy the records before you use your last copy! 8 Supplies Record 1 Please make additional copies if required Instruction: You must keep a record about the suppliers of all food to the food premises- including to a fixed premises or a mobile food premises (vehicle). The details include: the type of food supplied to the fixed premises or mobile food premises. Examples include condiments, cut fresh fruit, fresh vegetables, shell eggs, packaged cakes; and the trading name of the supplier; and the address and telephone number of the supplier. Provided the information in this record is complete and up to date, each further instance of supply from the same supplier of the same types of listed food does not need to be re-recorded below. However, you must also keep all receipts and invoices that are received from such a supplier. Type of Food Examples: condiments, fruit, vegetables, drinks Trading Name of Supplier Address (Store Location or Warehouse) Contact Phone Number 9 Weekly Cold Storage Record 2 Please make additional copies if required This record must only be kept if potentially hazardous food is to be kept in cold storage at the fixed premises or mobile food premises (vehicle). It is mandatory to record the results of a random check of each cold storage unit that is conducted once a week. As a class 3 premises, this will be relevant to pre-packaged potentially hazardous food. It applies to all such food, including where it is intended that it will be to be heated and held hot prior to sale. Temperature rules • Frozen foods should always be kept frozen hard (unless being defrosted) • For food kept in cold storage, maintain the temperature at 5°C or below. Date Description of each Cold Storage Unit E.g. Fridge 1... Operating Temperature set for each Cold Storage Unit Temperature of food item chosen Randomly select an item of food and measure the temperature Corrective Action If selected food item does not meet the above temperature rules. What did you do to ensure it complies? For example change fridge settings, or move food to another fridge or discard food. 10 Weekly Hot Storage Record 3 Please make additional copies if required This record must only be kept if pre-packaged potentially hazardous food is to be kept heated in hot storage prior to sale at the fixed premises or mobile food premises (vehicle). For example, it applies to food such as heated packaged pies or sausage rolls. Temperature rule Pre-packaged potentially hazardous food is to be kept in hot storage at 60°C or higher. Instruction: It is mandatory to record the results of a random check of potentially hazardous food: in a hot storage unit that is in use; that is conducted once in each week that the premises is operating. This is to verify that pre-packaged potentially hazardous food is being kept at 60°C or higher prior t o sale. This is the correct temperature; a lower temperature means that the food may not be safe to eat. Date Description of the Hot Storage Unit For example, pie warmer Operating Temperature set for the Hot Storage Unit Temperature of food item chosen Randomly select an item of food and measure the temperature Corrective Action If selected food item does not meet the above temperature rules what did you do to ensure it complies? For example change pie warmer settings, or move food to another warmer or discard food. Tips: Using a pie warmer or other hot holding equipment to heat pre-packaged potentially hazardous food to the required ‘sale’ temperature of 60°C or higher is not recommended as it is likely to take a very long time for the food to reach 60°C and there is a risk of the food being sold at a cooler temperature. It is also recommended that the random check be used as an opportunity to verify how long it takes to heat pre-packaged potentially hazardous food (such as a pre-packaged pie) to the required hot holding temperature of 60°C or higher. This will enable you to standardise how you heat food after it is removed from 11 cold storage. (A variety of methods maybe used to heat the food, examples include microwave, electric or gas oven.) Check for temperature control of potentially hazardous food deliveries Record 4 This record must be kept if potentially hazardous food is delivered from a supplier to the food premises in the month. This is to ensure that the food delivered has been kept at the correct temperature. There are two ways to comply. You can choose which method to use. One way is to record the results of a check of the temperature of an item of food received from each supplier in the month. The following sheet ‘Records about temperature check of deliveries’ can be completed if this is how you are to keep the required records for a particular supplier. This is the simplest option for many food businesses. However, if you have a different procedure for ensuring that food delivered in the month from each supplier is at the correct temperature, which does not involve checking the temperature of a randomly selected item of food from a delivery in each month from every supplier, then a different set of records must be kept. The results of the check to ascertain whether that procedure is effective must be recorded. The requirements for this approach are outlined in the sheet on the following page ‘Records about check of procedures for deliveries’. This is likely to be relevant to larger businesses with detailed quality assurance systems. It is recommended that community group and small scale food businesses that do not have the knowledge, resources or time to establish and manage sufficient customised procedures of their own should adopt the more routine approach of checking temperatures and keeping the record on this page. 12 Records for temperature check of deliveries (continued) Please make additional copies if required Instruction: If potentially hazardous food is delivered to the food premises from a supplier in any month, record the results of a temperature check carried out in that month of one item of potentially hazardous food received from that supplier. If food is not delivered from a supplier in every month, the record must only be kept in each month in which food is actually delivered. Temperature rules Frozen foods should always be kept frozen hard (unless being defrosted); For food kept in cold storage, maintain the temperature at 5°C or below; For food delivered hot is must be at 60°C or hotter. Date Trading Name of Supplier Store Location or Warehouse Description of Condition of Goods Temperature of food item chosen such as ‘good’, ‘damaged’, or ‘packaging broken’ Randomly select an item of food and measure the temperature Corrective Action Taken if Required If selected food item does not meet the above temperature rules what did you do? For example not accept the delivery, or verify with the supplier that the food was not in the temperature danger zone for 2 hours or more (and if it was, the action that you have taken such as ensuring that the food was not sold by your business). 13 14