ARC 113 - References on MSU e-learning Alpers, E.A. 1970. Dynasties of the Mutapa-Rozwi Complex. The Journal of African History 11 (2): 203-220. Ambrose, S.H. 1998. Chronology of the Later Stone Age and Food Production in East Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 25 (4): 377-392. Avery, D.M. 1995. Physical Environment and Site Choice in South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 22 (3): 343353. Barker, G. 1978. Economic models for the Manekweni Zimbabwe, Mozambique. Azania 13: 71-100. Barker, G. 1988. Cows and Kings: Models for Zimbabwe. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 54: 223-241. Beach, D.N. 1983. The Rozvi in search of their past. History in Africa 10: 13-34. Beach, D.N., M.F.C. Bourdillon, J. Denbow, G. Liesengang, J.H.W. Loubser, I. Pikirayi, D. Schoenbrun, R. Soper, & A. Stahl 1998. Cognitive archaeology and imaginary history at Great Zimbabwe. Current Anthropology 39(1): 47-72. Britt Bousman, C. 1998. The Chronological Evidence for the Introduction of Domestic Stock into Southern Africa. African Archaeological Review 15 (2): 133-150. Burrett, R.S. 2003. Gosho I: preliminary observations into the lithic complexities of the Pfupi Industry in north-eastern Zimbabwe. Southern African Humanities 15: 1-43. Burrett, R.S. 2006. A Ziwa Tradition Site and Associated LSA Material, Mount Buchwa, Zimbabwe. South African Archaeological Bulletin 61 (183): 102-104. Butzer, K.W., Fock, G.J., Scott, L. & Stuckenrath, R. 1979. Dating and Context of Rock Engravings in Southern Africa. Science (n.s.) 203 (4386): 1201-1214. Calabrese, J.A. 2000. Interregional Interaction in Southern Africa: Zhizo and Leopard’s Kopje Relations in Northern South Africa, South-western Zimbabwe, and Eastern Botswana, AD 1000 to 1200. African Archaeological Review 17 (4): 183-210. Carrión, J.S., Scott, L., Huffman, T.N. & Dreyer, C. 2000. Pollen analysis of Iron Age cow dung in southern Africa. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 9 (4): 239-249. Chami, F. & Msemwa, P.J. 1997. A new look at the culture and trade on the Azanian coast. Current Anthropology 38: 673677. Chanaiwa, D. 1972. Politics and long distance trade in the Mwene Mutapa Empire during the sixteenth century. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 5: 424-435. Chirikure, S. & Rehren, T. 2004. Ores, Furnaces, Slags, and Prehistoric Societies: Aspects of Iron Working in the Nyanga Agricultural Complex, AD 1300-1900. African Archaeological Review 21 (3): 135-152. Collett, D.P., Vines, A.D. & Hughes, G. 1992. The chronology of the Valley enclosures: implications for the interpretation of Great Zimbabwe. African Archaeological Review 10: 139-161. d'Errico, F. & Backwell, L.R. 2003. Possible evidence of bone tool shaping by Swartkrans early hominids. Journal of Archaeological Science 30 (12): 1559-1576. de Ruiter, D.J. & Berger, L.R. 2000. Leopards as Taphonomic Agents in Dolomitic Caves - Implications for Bone Accumulations in the Hominid-bearing Deposits of South Africa. Journal of Archaeological Science 27 (8): 665-684. Deacon, H.J. 1992. Southern Africa and Modern Human Origins. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences 337 (1280): 177-183. Deacon, J. 1988. The power of place in understanding southern San rock engravings. World Archaeology 20 (1): 129-140. Denbow, J.R. 1990. Congo to Kalahari: data and hypotheses about the political economy of the western stream of the Early Iron Age. African Archaeological Review 8: 139-175. Dowson, T.A. 1994. Reading Art, Writing History: Rock Art and Social Change in Southern Africa. World Archaeology 25 (3): 332-345. Eastwood, E.B. & Cnoops, C. 1999. Capturing the Spoor: Towards Explaining Kudu in San Rock Art of the LimpopoShashi Confluence Area. South African Archaeological Bulletin 54: 107-119. Gaffney, C., Hughes, G. & Gater, J. 2005. Geophysical Surveys at King Lobengula’s Palace KoBulawayo, Zimbabwe. Archaeological Prospection 12: 31-49. Garlake, P.S. 1968. The value of imported ceramics in the dating and interpretation of the Rhodesian Iron Age. Journal of African History 9 (1): 13-33. Garlake, P.S. 1976. An investigation of Manekweni, Mozambique. Azania 11: 25-47. Garlake, P.S. 1978. Pastoralism and zimbabwe. Journal of African History 19 (4): 479-493. Garlake, P.S. 1982. Prehistory and Ideology in Zimbabwe. Africa 52 (3): 1-19. Garlake, P.S. 1987. Themes in the Prehistoric Art of Zimbabwe. World Archaeology 19 (2): 178-193. Garlake, P.S. 1994. Archetypes and Attributes: rock paintings in Zimbabwe. World Archaeology 25 (3): 346-355. Goodwin, A.J.H. 1948a. South African Prehistory in the War Years: Part I. Man 48: 104-105. Goodwin, A.J.H. 1948b. South African Prehistory in the War Years: Part II. Man 48: 117-120. Goodwin, A.J.H. 1948c. South African Prehistory in the War Years: Part III. Man 48: 130-132. Greenfield, H.J. & Miller, D. 2004. Spatial patterning of Early Iron Age metal production at Ndondondwane, South Africa: the question of cultural continuity between the Early and Late Iron Ages. Journal of Archaeological Science 31 (11): 15111532. Hall, M. 1984a. Pots and Politics: ceramic interpretations in southern Africa. World Archaeology 15 (3): 262-73. Hall, M. 1984b. The burden of tribalism: The social context of southern African Iron Age studies. American Antiquity 49 (3): 455-467. Hall, M. 1993. The Archaeology of Colonial Settlement in Southern Africa. Annual Review of Anthropology 22: 177-200. Hassan, F.A. 1999. African Archaeology: the call of the future. African Affairs 98 (392): 393-406. Hollmann, J.C. 2001. ‘Big Pictures’: Insights into Southern African San Rock Paintings of Ostriches. South African Archaeological Bulletin 56 (173 & 174): 62-75. Hollmann, J.C. 2005. ‘Swift People’: Therianthropes and Bird Symbolism in hunter-gatherer rock-paintings, Western and Eastern Cape provinces, South Africa. in The South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series 9: Further Approaches to Southern African Rock Art Blundell, G. (ed.), 21-33, Vlaeberg: The South African Archaeological Society and ASAPA. Huffman, T.N. 1972. The rise and fall of Zimbabwe. Journal of African History 13 (3): 353-366. Huffman, T.N. 1982. Archaeology and Ethnohistory of the African Iron Age. Annual Review of Anthropology 11: 133-150. Huffman, T.N. 1984. Expressive space in the Zimbabwe culture. Man 19: 593-612. Huffman, T.N. 1985. The Soapstone Birds from Great Zimbabwe. African Arts 18 (3): 68-73, 99-100. Huffman, T.N. 1986. Archaeological evidence and conventional explanations of southern Bantu settlement patterns. Africa 56 (3): 280–298. Huffman, T.N. 1986. Cognitive studies of the Iron Age in Southern Africa. World Archaeology 18 (1): 84-95. Huffman, T.N. 1989. Ceramics, Settlements and Late Iron Age Migrations. African Archaeological Review 7: 155-182. Huffman, T.N. 2001. The Central Cattle Pattern and interpreting the past. Southern African Humanities 13: 19-35. Huffman, T.N. 2002. Regionality in the Iron Age: the case of the Sotho-Tswana. Southern African Humanities 14: 1-22. Huffman, T.N. 2004. The archaeology of Nguni past. Southern African Humanities 16: 79-111. Huffman, T.N. 2005. The stylistic origin of Bambata and the spread of mixed farming in southern Africa. Southern African Humanities 17: 57-79. Jerardino, A. & Swanepoel, N. 1999. Painted Slabs from Steenbokfontein Cave: The Oldest Known Parietal Art in Southern Africa. Current Anthropology 40 (4): 542-548. Kuklick, H. 1991. Contested Monuments: The Politics of Archaeology in Southern Africa. in Colonial Situations: Essays on the Contextualization of Ethnographic Knowledge Stocking, G.W. (ed.), 135-169, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Kusimba, S.B. 2005. What Is a Hunter-Gatherer? Variation in the Archaeological Record of Eastern and Southern Africa. Journal of Archaeological Research 13 (4): 337-366. Lane, P.J. 2001. African archaeology today. Antiquity 75 (290): 793-796. Lewis-Williams, J.D. 1982. The economic and social context of southern San rock art. Current Anthropology 23 (4): 429449. Lewis-Williams, J.D. 1986. Cognitive and optical illusions in San rock art research. Current Anthropology 27 (2): 171-178. Lewis-Williams, J.D. Dowson, T.A. & Deacon, J. 1993. Rock art and changing perceptions of southern Africa's past: Ezeljagdspoort reviewed. Antiquity 67 (255): 273-291. Lewis-Williams, J.D., Blundell, G., Challis, W. & Hampson, J. 2000. Threads of Light: Re-Examining a Motif in Southern African San Rock Art. South African Archaeological Bulletin 55 (172): 123-136. Maggs, T.M.O’C. & Whitelaw, G. 1991. A review of recent archaeological research in food-producing communities in southern Africa. The Journal of African History 32(1): 3–24. Mguni, S. 2005. A new iconographic understanding of formlings, a pervasive motif in Zimbabwe rock art. in The South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series 9: Further Approaches to Southern African Rock Art Blundell, G. (ed.), 3444, Vlaeberg: The South African Archaeological Society and ASAPA. Miller, D.E. & van der Merwe, N.J. 1994. Early metal working in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of recent research. Journal of African History 35 (1): 1-36. Mitchell, P.J. 2002. Hunter-gatherer archaeology in southern Africa: recent research, future trends. Before Farming 1 (3): 118. Mitchell, P.J. & Whitelaw, G. 2005. The Archaeology of Southernmost Africa from c. 2000 B P to the Early 1800s: A Review of Recent Research. Journal of African History 46: 209-241. Molomo, L.R. 1992. Gold mining in pre-colonial Zimbabwe in Science and technology in African history with case studies from Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, and Zambia Thomas-Emeagwali, G. (ed.), 79-100, Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press. Mudenge, S.I.G. 1977. Eighteenth-century Portuguese settlements on the Zambezi and the dating of Rhodesian ruins: Some reflections on the problems of reference dating. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 10 (3): 384-393. Ndoro, W. 1991. Why decorate her? Zimbabwea 3: 5-13. Ndoro, W. 1994. The preservation and presentation of Great Zimbabwe. Antiquity 68: 616-623. Newitt, M. D. D. 1969. The Portuguese on the Zambezi: An Historical Interpretation of the Prazo System. The Journal of African History 10 (1): 67-85. Posnansky, M. 1982. African archaeology comes of age. World Archaeology 13 (3): 345-358. Pwiti, G. & Ndoro, W. 1999. The legacy of colonialism: perceptions of the cultural heritage in southern Africa, with special reference to Zimbabwe. African Archaeological Review 16: 143-154. Robertson, J.H. & Bradley, R. 2000. A new paradigm: the African Early Iron Age without Bantu migrations. History in Africa 27: 287-323. Seligman, A. 2006. Debated Origins: Great Zimbabwe and the Images of African Civilization. Penn History Review: Spring 2006 http://www.pennhistoryreview.com/archives/06b/seligman.pdf Shaw, T. 1989. African Archaeology: looking back and looking forward. African Archaeological Review 7: 3-31. Sinclair, P.J.J. 1991. Archaeology in eastern Africa: an overview of current chronological issues. Journal of African History 32 (2): 179-219. Smith, A.B. 1992. Origins and spread of pastoralism in Africa. Annual Review of Anthropology 21: 125-141. Smith, B.W. & Ouzman, S. 2004. Taking Stock: Identifying Khoekhoen Herder Rock Art in Southern Africa. Current Anthropology 45 (4): 499-526. Soper, R.C. 2001. The role of cattle and manure in the agricultural systems of the Nyanga terrace complex. Zimbabwean Prehistory 24: 22-30. Summers, R.F.H. 1960. Environment and culture in Southern Rhodesia. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 104 (3): 266-292. Summers, R.F.H. 1966. The Iron Age of Southern Rhodesia. Current Anthropology 7 (4): 463-484. Swanson, M.W. 2001. Colonizing the Past: Origin Myths of the Great Zimbabwe Ruins. in Africa and Africans in Antiquity Yamauchi, E.M. (ed.), 291-320, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. Tyson, P.D., Lee-Thorp, J., Holmgren, K. & Thackeray, J.F. 2002. Changing Gradients of Climate Change in Southern Africa During the Past Millennium: Implications for Population Movements. Climatic Change 52: 129-135. Ucko, P.J. 1994. Museums and Sites: Cultures of the Past within Education – Zimbabwe some ten years on. in The Presented Past P.G. Stone & B.L. Molyneaux (eds.), 237-282, London: Routledge. Vinnicombe, P. 1972. Myth, Motive, and Selection in Southern African Rock Art. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 42 (3): 192-204.