Name: _____________________
Pd.: ____
Section 11.1 The Work of Gregor Mendel (p. 308-312)
1. What is fertilization?
__________________________________________________________
2. What did Mendel conclude determines biological inheritance?
__________________________________________________________
3. What are dominant alleles?
__________________________________________________________
4. What are recessive alleles?
__________________________________________________________
5. Why were true-breeding pea plants important for Mendel’s experiments?
__________________________________________________________
6. Explain how Mendel kept his pea plants from self-pollinating.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
7. What is segregation?
__________________________________________________________
8. Compare the alleles between the P generation and the F2 generation?
__________________________________________________________
9. Looking at the F2 generation, what evidence did Mendel use to explain how segregation
occurs?
__________________________________________________________
10.Cross two pea plants and get both tall and short offspring.
a. What could have been the genotypes of the two original plants?
__________________________________________________________
b. What genotype could not have been present in one of the parents?
__________________________________________________________
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Name: _____________________
Pd.: ____
Cow Problem:
In a certain type of cattle, hornless is dominant to horned cattle. A bull was mated to 4 heifers.
 Heifer #1 was hornless and had a horned calf (A).
 Heifer #2 was horned and had a horned calf (B).
 Heifer #3 was horned and had a hornless calf (C).
 Heifer #4 was hornless and had a hornless calf (D) and a horned calf (E).
What is the one genotype and phenotype of the bull? List the genotype and phenotype of
all 4 cows. Show a Punnett square for each cross, circling the offspring referenced in the
above scenario.
Genotype Phenotype
Bull
Heifer #1
Heifer #2
Heifer #3
Heifer #4
Genotype
Phenotype
N/A
N/A
Calf A
Calf B
Calf C
Calf D
Calf E
Punnet Squares:
Heifer #1
Heifer #2
Heifer #3
Heifer #4
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Name: _____________________
Pd.: ____
Section 11.2 Applying Mendel’s Principles (p. 313-318)
1. What is probability?
__________________________________________________________
2. What does homozygous mean?
__________________________________________________________
3. What does heterozygous mean?
__________________________________________________________
4. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5. If T represents the allele for tall and t represents the allele for short and you cross a TT plant
with a Tt plant:
a. Which parent is homozygous dominant? _________________________________
b. Which parent is heterozygous? __________________________________________
c. What is (are) the genotype(s) of the offspring? ___________________________
d. What is (are) the phenotype(s) of the offspring? __________________________
6. How are Punnett squares used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
7. Why is the fruit fly an ideal organism?
__________________________________________________________
8. List AND describe the four principles of genetics that Mendel discovered in his experiments.
a. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
3
Name: _____________________
Pd.: ____
Section 11.3 Other Patterns of Inheritance (p. 319-321)
1. What does incomplete dominance mean?
__________________________________________________________
a. Give an example: _______________________________________________________
2. What is codominance?
__________________________________________________________
a. Give an example: _______________________________________________________
3. A pink-flowered Mirabilis plant (RW) is crossed with a white-flowered Mirabilis plant
(WW). What is the chance that a seed from this corss will produce a red-flowered plant?
__________________________________________________________
Show the punnett square you used to determine your answer:
4. Why can multiple alleles result in many different phenotypes for a trait?
__________________________________________________________
5. What is the difference between multiple alleles and polygenic traits?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
6. Explain why an organism’s characteristics are not only determined by its genes.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
7. What might be the result of an exceptionally hot spring on wing pigmentation in the western
white butterfly?
__________________________________________________________
4
Name: _____________________
Pd.: ____
Section 14.1 Human Chromosomes (p. 392-397)
1. What is a genome?
__________________________________________________________
2. What is a karyotype?
__________________________________________________________
3. What are autosomes?
__________________________________________________________
a. How are they different from sex chromosomes?
__________________________________________________________
4. What determines whether a person is male or female?
__________________________________________________________
5. Explain how sex-linked traits are inherited.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
6. If a woman with blood type O and a man with blood type AB have children, what are the
children’s possible genotypes?
__________________________________________________________
Show the punnett square you used to determine your answer:
7. What does a pedigree show?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
8. Why would it not be likely for the Y chromosome to contain genes necessary for survival?
__________________________________________________________
5
Name: _____________________
Pd.: ____
Section 14.3 Studying the Human Genome (p. 402-409)
1. How many base pairs does the smallest human chromosome contain?
________________________________________________________
2. What do restriction enzymes do?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. Describe the THREE techniques that are used to study human DNA.
a. Cutting DNA:
______________________________________________________
b. Separating DNA:
______________________________________________________
c. Reading DNA:
______________________________________________________
4. Why does DNA move toward the positive end of the gel during gel electrophoresis?
__________________________________________________________
5. What is the Human Genome Project?
__________________________________________________________
6. How is shotgun sequencing similar to doing a jigsaw puzzle?
__________________________________________________________
7. What is bioinformatics?
__________________________________________________________
8. How might the project be used to benefit humankind?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
9. What potential problems might it create?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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Name: _____________________
Pd.: ____
Section 15.2 Recombinant DNA (p. 421-318)
1. Why would a scientist want to know the sequence of a DNA molecule?
__________________________________________________________
2. What is the purpose of using the polymerase chain reaction?
__________________________________________________________
3. List the steps of the polymerase chain reaction.
a. ______________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________
d. ______________________________________________________
4. How do scientists use recombinant DNA?
__________________________________________________________
5. What is a plasmid?
__________________________________________________________
a.
In what organisms are plasmids found?
__________________________________________________________
6. What is a genetic marker?
__________________________________________________________
7. What is a transgenic organism?
__________________________________________________________
8. Bacteria and humans are different organisms. Why is it possible to combine their DNA and
use bacteria to make a human protein?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
9. Compare the transformation of a plant cell with the transformation of an animal cell.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
10.What is a clone?
__________________________________________________________
11. Using figure 15-2, describe the process of creating an animal clone.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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