Margaret W. Matlin, Cognition, 8e
Outline Chapter 1
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CHAPTER 1
An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
Important Terms
cognition
cognitive psychology
cognitive approach
Why learn about cognition?
 Cognition occupies a major portion of human psychology.
 The cognitive approach has widespread influence on other areas of
psychology, as well as disciplines outside psychology.
 Cognitive psychology provides an "owner's manual" for your mind.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
The Origins of Cognitive Psychology
Aristotle
empirical evidence
Wilhelm Wundt
introspection
Early Memory Researchers
Ebbinghaus
Mary Whiton Calkins
recency effect
first woman president of APA
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Margaret W. Matlin, Cognition, 8e
Outline Chapter 1
Page 2 of 4
The Origins of Cognitive Psychology (continued)
William James
Principles of Psychology
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Behaviorism
Watson
Skinner
operational definition
The Gestalt Approach
gestalt psychology
gestalt
insight
Frederic C. Bartlett
memory as active, constructive process
The Emergence of Modern Cognitive Psychology
1956
"cognitive revolution"
Factors Contributing to the Rise of Cognitive Psychology
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disappointment with behaviorist approach
linguistics; Noam Chomsky
human memory research
children's thought processes; Jean Piaget
The Information-Processing Approach
(a) Mental processes are similar to the operations of a computer.
(b) Information progresses through the cognitive system in a series of stages, one
step at a time.
Atkinson-Shiffrin model
 sensory memory
 short-term memory (working memory)
 long-term memory
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Margaret W. Matlin, Cognition, 8e
Outline Chapter 1
The Current Status of Cognitive Psychology
 more complex models
 widespread influence on the discipline of psychology
 applications of the cognitive approach in therapy
 issues of ecological validity
COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE TECHNIQUES
cognitive neuroscience
social cognitive neuroscience
Brain Lesions
Positron Emission Tomography (PET scan)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Event-Related Potential Technique (ERP)
ADDITIONAL AREAS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
Artificial Intelligence
The Computer Metaphor
structures and processes
Pure Artificial Intelligence
efficiency
Computer Simulation
computer modeling
take human limitations into account
The Connectionist Approach
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parallel distributed processing (PDP) approach
neural network approach
cerebral cortex
serial processing
parallel processing
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Margaret W. Matlin, Cognition, 8e
Outline Chapter 1
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Cognitive Science
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interdisciplinary—cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence
PLUS philosophy, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, and economics
focus on internal representations
AN OVERVIEW OF YOUR TEXTBOOK
Preview of the Chapters
Themes in the Book
Theme 1: The cognitive processes are active, rather than passive.
Theme 2: The cognitive processes are remarkably efficient and
accurate.
Theme 3: The cognitive processes handle positive information better
than negative information.
Theme 4: The cognitive processes are interrelated with one another;
they do not operate in isolation.
Theme 5: Many cognitive processes rely on both bottom-up and topdown processing.
How to Use Your Book Effectively
Chapter Outline
Chapter Preview
Opening Paragraph
Demonstrations
Individual Differences Feature
Applications
Keywords
In-Depth Feature
Section Summaries
End-of-Chapter Review Questions
Keywords List
Recommended Readings
Glossary
©2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.