1. Why have protists been "mixed in" with plants, animals,
and fungi in the hypothesis that groups eukaryotes into
five supergroups?
a. Many protists are more closely related to plants,
animals, or fungi then they are to each other.
b. The discovery of very small protists, similar in size to
prokaryotes, has made the former classification scheme
obsolete.
c. Recent evidence makes it clear that the former Kingdom
Protista was paraphyletic.
d. The discovery that protists had organelles made it clear
that they should be grouped with other eukaryotes.
e. both a and c
2. The placement of all protists in one kingdom caused
dissatisfaction among taxonomists mainly because _____.
(Concept 28.1)
a. some protists are autotrophic and others are
heterotrophic
b. protist cells are more similar to prokaryotic cells than
to eukaryotic cells
c. various pieces of evidence indicate that the kingdom
Protista cannot be monophyletic
d. various pieces of evidence indicate that the Protista are
not polyphyletic
e. all of the above
3. What is one of the main weaknesses of the proposed
classification scheme in which all eukaryotes are divided
into five supergroups? (Concept 28.1)
a. It does not account for "amitochondriate" protists.
b. It does not take into account the importance of
endosymbiosis.
c. It shows all five supergroups diverging simultaneously
from a common ancestor.
d. It does not explain the extra membranes found in some
plastids.
e. It postulates that photosynthetic protists arose by way
of endosymbiosis
4. Organisms are classified as Excavata based on ______.
a. their origin by secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga
b. morphological studies of the cytoskeleton
c. their lack of true mitochondria
d. the presence of pseudopodia
e. their mode of obtaining energy
5. Which example below is a characteristic shared by
diplomonads and parabasalids?
a. Both
b. Both
c. Both
d. Both
e. Both
lack plastids.
are adapted to aerobic environments.
lack mitochondria.
have a single flagellum.
have two nuclei.
6. Although controversial, chromalveolates are proposed as
a clade whose common ancestor ______.
a. engulfed an alpha proteobacterium in a primary
endosymbiosis event
b. was the first mixotroph
c. was a multinucleate mass
d. engulfed a photosynthetic red alga in a secondary
endosymbiosis event
e. lost its mitochondria
7.
How do trypanosomes withstand the attack of a host's
immune system?
a. They reproduce so fast that they can compensate for the
death rate caused by the immune system.
b. They live only in the cerebrospinal fluid, where the
immune system can't reach them.
c. They specifically poison helper T cells.
d. The molecular composition of their surface changes
continually.
e. all of the above
8.
Apicomplexans are currently assigned to the
chromalveolates because _______.
a. they have life cycles with both sexual and asexual stages
b. they have true roots, stems, and leaves
c. they are parasites
d. the apicoplast, a modified plastid, appears to be of red
algal origin
e. both a and c
9. Which of these groups includes photosynthetic
unicellular organisms with flagella and contractile
vacuoles?
a. diatoms
b. dinoflagellates
c. euglenids
d. ciliates
e. apicomplexans
10. In many types of protist life cycles, the union of two
gametes that results in a diploid zygote is called _______.
a. mixotrophy
b. syngamy
c. endosymbiosis
d. multinucleate
e. alveoli
11. What do a carnivorous dinoflagellate, a parasitic
apicomplexan, and a ciliate have in common? (Concept 28.3)
a. All three are heterotrophic and autotrophic.
b. All three form colonies of cells.
c. All three are parasitic on other species of organisms.
d. All three have sacs known as alveoli just beneath their
plasma membranes.
e. All three are photosynthetic.
12. Which organisms are capable of producing a "red tide"?
(Concept 28.3)
a. dinoflagellates
b. chrysophytes (diatoms)
c. sporozoans
d. euglenids
e. none of the above
13. Which of these groups includes species that produce a
substance that is toxic to humans? (Concept 28.3)
a. diatoms
b. dinoflagellates
c. euglenids
d. ciliates
e. apicomplexans
14. Which of these groups includes parasitic unicellular
organisms with a complex of organelles specialized for
penetrating host cells and tissues? (Concept 28.3)
a. diatoms
b. dinoflagellates
c. euglenoids
d. ciliates
e. apicomplexans
15. Which of these groups is characterized by cells that
have more than one nucleus? (Concept 28.3)
a. diatoms
b. dinoflagellates
c. euglenids
d. ciliates
e. apicomplexans
16.
How do ciliates generate genetic variation?
a. binary fission
b. asexual reproduction
c. conjugation
d. alternation of generations
e. none of the above
17. Which protists were once categorized as fungi due to
their multinucleate filaments that resemble hyphae?
(Concept 28.3)
a. dinoflagellates
b. stramenopiles
c. golden algae
d. oomycetes
e. parabasalids
18. _____ is a protist that causes late blight of potatoes
and was responsible for the Irish potato famine of the 19th
century. (Concept 28.3)
a. Phytophthora infestans
b. Dinobryon
c. Laminaria
d. Entamoeba
e. Dictyostelium discoideum
19. Which of these groups includes unicellular organisms
that, due to the structure of their cell walls, can
withstand pressures equal to the pressure under each leg of
a table supporting an elephant? (Concept 28.3)
a. diatoms
b. dinoflagellates
c. euglenids
d. ciliates
e. apicomplexans
20. Which characteristic is shared by most diatoms, golden
algae, and brown algae at least at some stage of their life
cycles? (Concept 28.3)
a. They all have flagella with numerous fine, hairlike projections.
b. All three store food reserves in the form of a
glucose polymer called laminarin.
c. All are autotrophs.
d. all of the above
e. none of the above