Name:
ANT 3514 – Introduction to Biological Anthropology
Mendelian Genetics and Forces of Evolution
Lab 2, Week of 5/16/05
Question 1:
Name the three chemical components that make up DNA?
Question 2:
What two steps are involved in the formation of a protein?
Question 3:
Having one’s earlobe attached is a recessive trait (e), while a free earlobe is dominant
(E). The ability to roll your tongue is a dominant trait (T), while an inability to do this is
recessive (t). Construct a punnett square for a mating between individuals with
genotypes:
Female = Ee tt
Male: Ee Tt
Female
Et
ET
Male
Write out each genotype (ex. EE TT) and the ratio of offspring possessing each. Then
write out each phenotype (ex. Attached earlobe & tongue roller) and the ratio of
individuals having each.
Question 4:
Two black mice were mated over several years and produced 29 black and 9 white
offspring. Explain these results by giving the genotypes of the parents and offspring.
Question 5:
What is ‘phenotype’ and how is it determined?
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Question 6:
Prize breeding cattle are black and tan. Farmer Bob purchased a superb black and tan
bull for $250,000. The progeny sired by this bull were all normal in appearance.
However, when these progeny were interbred white-speckled calves were produced at a
frequency of 25%. Why did the farmer remove this bull from his breeding population
and ask for his money back?
Question 7:
Name and describe Mendel’s two principles that were discussed in lab and lecture.
Question 8:
This diagram is a pedigree showing phenotype in three breeding generations. The
notation in the 3rd generation denotes the number of offspring produced that have the
phenotype shown. In the adjacent box fill in the genotype for reach individual based on
their phenotype and the phenotype of their relatives (e.g., AA). Make sure you take
dominance into account. Use: A=Dominant & a=Recessive
st
1 Generation
1
☻x☻
Genotypes for Individuals
2
↓
3
2nd
☻ ☻☻ ☻
4
5
X
3rd
X
6
X
☻☻☺ ☻
ALL
¼
¾
7
8
1._____
2._____
3._____
4._____
5._____
6._____
7._____
8._____
9._____
10._____
ALL
9
10
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Question 9:
What are the four forces of evolution? Which one is Darwinian?
Question 10:
How does mutation fit in with natural selection?
Question 11:
Define the following terms:
Inbreeding:
Outbreeding:
Endogamy:
Exogamy:
Positive Assortative Mating:
Negative Assortative Mating:
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Question 12:
Given the following genotypic frequencies, determine the values of p and q for this
population.
AA
0.09
Aa
0.42
aa
0.49
Question 13:
Neurofibromatosis is a painful genetic disease characterized by tumors in nerve tissue. It
affects 1 in 3000 individuals. The heterozygous genotype is often called a carrier. What
is the carrier frequency of this condition? Show your work.
Question 14:
Using the frequency of right over left interlocking fingers found in lab, use the HardyWeinberg Theorem to find the frequencies of the three possible genotypes. Show your
work.
Extra credit (1 point): Briefly describe one real life example of founder effect (do not
use Tay Sachs disease or the O blood type in South America).
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READING QUESTIONS: (please answer the following in complete sentences and in
your own words – i.e., do not just copy passages from the Reader).
1. What observation regarding hybrid plants was central to Mendel's model of
inheritance? (see Ch. 10)
2. Why does Glausiusz (Ch. 14) attribute the high frequency of ITD among the
Ashkenazi to genetic drift rather than natural selection?
3. Why are mtDNA and Y chromosome DNA particularly useful for genetic studies in
general and for studies of men and women in particular (see Ch. 34)?
4. How does Diamond’s (Ch. 13) explanation for the high frequency of Tay-Sachs
disease among the Ashekenazim Jews differ from that of Glausiusz (Ch. 14)?
5. What is the functional definition of a species – that is, how do we know two
organisms belong to the same species, or that two populations are actually different
species (Gould Ch. 15)?
6. How do we organize species into higher (larger) categories, such as genera, families,
and phyla? What is our rationale for naming subspecies? (Ch. 15)
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