50 pts Final Exam
Unit3 Exam
ANTH162
The exam consists of twenty-five (25) multiple choice questions and two essays, and five
architectural/stylistic assessments.
Exam Essays:
Two will be randomly selected from the list below on the day of the exam. Each will
be worth 10 pts points. Be prepared to write a detailed essay about each topic.
1. The Inca were inheritors of the rich cultural traditions and technological advances of
several civilizations that came before them. Many of these cultures inhabited the
inhospitable coastal regions, others were in the desert altiplano. Identify one of these
cultures and describe their achievements in architecture, art, and social development. Use
appropriate site names, geographic information, chronology, and support your discussion
with examples from archaeology.
2. Michael Moseley developed the Maritime Hypothesis more than 30 years ago. He has
recently modified it slightly into the Maritime Oasis Hypothesis, but it retains its essential
elements. What is the Maritime Hypothesis and explain how it is applied to the cultures
of coastal Peru. What environmental, geophysical, or archaeological evidence exists to
support this Hypothesis? Cite at least two arguments used by critics if this theory.
3. The Inca had an elaborate kinship system that proscribed social relations and
interactions. Ancestors were important and figured significantly in how kinship was
acknowledged. Describe this kinship-lineage system and discuss how it influenced such
interactions as mit’a and marriage or class. Use appropriate Quechua terms.
4. There is no evidence the Inca or Aztec ever knew the other existed. Despite their
differences these two complex societies had several similarities besides falling to Spanish
invasion. Compare and contrast Inca and Aztec civilization in various respects. Use
examples from architecture and the arts, government, cosmology, and at least one other
relevant aspect of these two cultures.
5. Among the many cultures that inhabited Peru before the Inca was the Moche. This
unique coastal culture differed in significant aspects from the Inca. Describe some the
characteristics of the Moche society and explain how we archaeology has contributed to
our knowledge of this civilization.
50 pts Final Exam
Unit3 Exam
ANTH162
Understand the relationship between these various terms, places, and concepts.
Geography
Altiplano
Andes
Peru
Moche Valley
Nazca
Cuzco
Lake Titicaca
Bolivia
Chile
Equador
The Cordillera
Places
Chan Chan
Huaca del Sol
El Paraiso
Tiwanaku
Machu Pichu
Chauvin de Huantar
Villacamba
Chiripa
Cultures and People
Chimu
Moche
Tiwanaku
Paracans
Nazcans
Chauvin
Names
Tupac Amaru
Patchakuti
Atahualpa
Viracocha
Inti
“Lord of Sipan”
Manco
Misc. of significance
El Lanzon
Kurakas
portait vase
cranial deformation
quipu
Ponce Monolith
Gateway of the Sun
Kalasasya gateway
Mummy bundles
adobe brick
Concepts
maritime Hypothesis
land of four quarters
geoglyph
“navel of the universe”
divinity of the Inca King
ancestor veneration
Moche ritual combat
stonework/masonry traditions
El Niño affects
‘living mountains”
Administration of an empire
Quipu
Redistribution centers
Road system
Postal system
Mit’a labor
Terrace agronomy
Regional courts
Sample question:
The oldest standing stone idol of the Americas called El Lazon
A. is located in the Moche Valley at Sipan.
B. is housed in the “old temple” structure at Chavin de Huantar.
C. was found by divers in 1966 submerged in Lake Titicaca and is thought to be
from an eraly phase of Tiwanku culture.
D. is associated with the mysterious Chimu at Chan Chan.