Text Types & Grammar Focuses
Recounts- Personal and factual
Purpose: To tell what happened
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Prep
Purpose of recounts
Recount description
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Years 1 & 2
Organisation of information in
sequence
Words/groups of words to
denote passing of time
Nouns
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Years 3 & 4
Structure of recount
orientation
series of events
personal comment
reorientation
Location of who, what, when,
where in orientation
Past tense
Action verbs
Pronouns – first and third person
Identify how pronouns link
to/refer to nouns
connectives that refer to time
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Lesley Wing Jan
Adapted Wing Jan , L. Writeways-Modelling Writing Forms, OUP, Melbourne (2001) and Carey Grammar JSK English Program
Years 5 & 6
Active and passive voice
Varied sentence beginnings
Difference between recount and
reflection
Types of recounts –personal
factual imaginative
Conjunctions
Descriptive details added – use
of commas or brackets
First, and third person pronouns
Paragraphs for major
events/points
Topic sentences
Cohesive devices – ways to
organise text so it is cohesive and
coherent
Types of recount :
personal
imaginative
biography
anecdote
memoir
historical
Explanations
Purpose: To tell how or why something happens. To describe a process
Prep
Years 1 & 2
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Purpose of explanation- to explain 
An account of how or why
how or why something happens
something happens
Procedural Texts
Purpose: To tell how to do or make something
Prep
Years 1 & 2
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Identify purpose – to tell how to
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Organisation into a sequence of
do or make something
actions
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Use of headings
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Purpose and function of each
section of the structure of a
procedure
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Ways of setting out instructions
Years 3 & 4
Types of explanations
why
how
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Organisation of explanation
statement of phenomenon
sequenced
explanation of how/shy something
occurs
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Time relationships
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Action verbs
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Generalised non human
participants (phenomena to be
explained)
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Cause/effect
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Use of labels, headings, diagrams
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Purpose of explanation
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Years 3 & 4
Classes of nouns generalised and
specific nouns
Action verbs
Linking words to do with time
General structure of goal,
materials and method (can be
other words)
Diagrams, subheadings, numbers
etc..
Purpose of procedural texts
Target audience
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Lesley Wing Jan
Adapted Wing Jan , L. Writeways-Modelling Writing Forms, OUP, Melbourne (2001) and Carey Grammar JSK English Program
Years 5 & 6
Explanations that explain how can
be mechanical technological
system natural
Explanations that explain why can
be as above
Cause/effect
Passive/active voice
Auxiliary verbs
Conjunctions
Timeless present tense
Specialised vocabulary
About general rather than
specific events
Use of definitions & description
Adjectives & adjective groups
Adverbs & adverb groups
Years 5 & 6
Types of instructions
Imperatives
Use of adverbs/adverb groups
how
when
where
Timeless present tense
Detailed, factual description of
items mentioned
Way reader is referred to in
general way or not at all eg Cut
the string. (You) cut the string
Subject specific vocab
Use of conjunctions
Narratives
Purpose: To entertain, teach and inform
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Prep
Purpose of narratives
Sequence of actions/events
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Years 1 & 2
Structure of narrative
Nouns
Purpose of narratives
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Reports
Purpose: To provide factual information on a topic
Prep
Years 1 & 2
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About general class of things –
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Sentences containing a fact or
rather than specific things
series of facts
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Factual sentences
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Information in groups
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Labelled diagrams
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Years 3 & 4
Organisation of text – structure
of narrative
Normally past tense
Action verbs
Use of dialogue
Use of adjectives, adverbs to
enhance description
Direct speech
Years 3 & 4
Formal and objective style of
writing (no personal pronouns)
Use of diagrams, illustrations
Labels, captions, subheadings
Grouping of information
Structure of reports
Descriptive language – factual
and precise
Action verbs
Cross sections
Labelled diagrams
Years 5 & 6
Types of narratives
mysteries
science fiction
choose your own
romance
horror
adventure
historical etc..
imaginary & factual
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Verbal and mental verbs (said,
felt) as well as action verbs
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First, second and third person
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Change of tense in dialogue
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Linking words to do with time
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Direct speech
Information Narrative
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Structure
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Information woven into plot
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Descriptive language
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Years 5 & 6
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Lesley Wing Jan
Adapted Wing Jan , L. Writeways-Modelling Writing Forms, OUP, Melbourne (2001) and Carey Grammar JSK English Program
Use of technical vocabulary
Linking verbs
Paragraphs
Definitions – language for defining
Topic sentences
Structure of reports
opening general statement
grouped info about topic – grouped
according to characteristic
Language of comparison
compare/contrast
list/describe
Timeless present tense
Economical language
Specialised vocabulary
Brackets to explain/clarify
Persuasive Texts- Argument. discission and advertisements
Purpose: To put forward a point of view. To persuade people to do or think things in line with the author’s/speaker’s point of view
Prep
Years 1 & 2
Years 3 & 4
Years 5 & 6
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State preference/point of view
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Arguments – state point of view
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Structure of arguments :
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Discussions – (debate) structure
and justify this usually with
and provide reason for this
statement of position, arguments
– issue, arguments for and
“because”
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Advertisements – state purpose
in sequences, restatement of
arguments against, conclusion
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Include only important
position
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Class of text types called
information
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Purpose of arguments : to justify
“expositions” which either
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Arrange information so easily
a position, arguing for some sort
analyse, interpret or evaluate
read
of action to take place.
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Actions are changed into things
persuading “that”
(nominalisation to make argument
persuading “to”
sound more objective
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Use of connectives to order
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Use of connectives associated
arguments
with reasoning
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Identification of “emotive”
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Use of passive speech
terms/words
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Tense changes according to
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Identify target audience for
stage of text
advertisements
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Removal of personal pronouns
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Identify and use some devices
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Organise arguments into
for ads eg font size, placement
paragraphs
of text, use of graphics, colour,
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Purpose of topic sentences
catchy headings, titles, slogans
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Use of language of persuasion
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Use logic and evidence to
convince reader
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Use of formalised language
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Use of abstract and technical
terms
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Compare/contrast
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Cause/effect
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Problem/solution
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Ways of “hiding self” so that
writing appears impartial and
objective
Lesley Wing Jan
Adapted Wing Jan , L. Writeways-Modelling Writing Forms, OUP, Melbourne (2001) and Carey Grammar JSK English Program