OIE Collaborating Centre Reports
Activities in 2010
Title of Collaborating Centre:
Address of Collaborating Centre
Research on Emerging Avian Diseases
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605 USA
Tel.:
(+1-706) 546.34.33
Fax:
(+1-706) 546.31.61
e-mail address:
website:
David.Swayne@ars.usda.gov
http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=66-1207-00
Name of Head of Centre
(Responsible Official):
David E. Swayne
Name of OIE Contact Point:
David E. Swayne
Name of writer of this report
(if different from above)
David E. Swayne
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010
1
Research on Emerging Avian Diseases
Part I: Summary of activities specifically related to the mandate of OIE
Collaborating Centres
1.
2.
Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of techniques
within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE

SEPRL is the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s primary facility for research on exotic and emerging viral
diseases of avian species including avian influenza (AI), Newcastle disease (ND), avian metapneumovirus
(aMPV), enteric viruses of poultry and Marek’s disease herpes virus

Major accomplishments for 2010 relative to international issues included:
Discovering that the pandemic H1N1influenza has poor ability to infect poultry, however breeder turkeys
can be infected through the reproductive tract during artificial insemination
o
Improving sample processing methods for avian influenza virus (AIV) testing which drastically improves
test sensitivity
o
Superior vaccine strains were identified for viruses which are currently circulating in poultry in Central
America, improving control programs and reducing risk for U.S. poultry
o
Numerous wild bird origin viruses have been evaluated for their ability to infect and cause disease in
poultry, since these are the primary reservoir for poultry; it was found that turkeys were generally more
susceptible to infection with wild bird origin viruses, but the ability to cause infection and disease varied
greatly among the isolates AIV normally does not cause disease and death in ducks, however the Asian
H5N1 strain has gained this ability, it was discovered that young ducks are more susceptible to disease and
death than older ducks from these viruses
o
Studies with a recombinant LaSota vaccine virus expressing an avian influenza (AI) gene produced good
protection against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) but only partial protection against H5 AI when used as
a single dose vaccine
o
Forty-five Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Belize, South
Africa, Venezuela, China and USA were partially sequenced and analyzed with the data added to a world
NDV genomic map
o
A new paramyxovirus subtype was identified and characterized; avian paramyxovirus – 10 from Rock
Hopper penguins from Falkland Islands
o
The avian influenza (AI) HA gene from two different H5 AIV was cloned into a HVT vaccine. Following
challenge with a lethal dose of H5N2 HPAI, most all birds receiving either of the HVT-AI vaccine
survived
o
Interferon-alpha can protect chickens from disease associated with low pathogenic AIV and reduce the
risk of transmission through decreased shedding
o
Lymphocytes from chickens infected with a recent H9N2 AI isolate were adaptively transferred to
immunologically naïve birds. The birds receiving the lymphocytes were challenged with the H9N2 Virus
and were protected from overt clinical signs of disease suggesting cell mediated immunity contributed to
LPAI virus protection in chickens
o
RNA virus metagenome from turkeys experiencing enteric disease was generated and a novel calicivirus
and a novel picobirnavirus were identified
Proposal or development of any procedure that will facilitate harmonisation of international
regulations applicable to the surveillance and control of animal diseases, food safety and animal
welfare

2
o
None
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010
Research on Emerging Avian Diseases
3.
Placement of expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE

David Swayne provided assistance to OFFLU through the Technical Group on Avian Influenza Vaccination in
Indonesia.

David Suarez and David Swayne provided technical assistance on H5N1 HPAI virus sequencing and analysis,
vaccine challenge studies and biosecurity to National Laboratory for Quality Production, Cairo, Egypt

Erica Spackman provided technical assistance for implementing antigenic cartography at National Laboratory
for Quality Production, Cairo, Egypt

David Suarez and Mary Pantin-Jackwood conducted studies and provided data on molecular changes in H5N1
HPAI viruses and vaccine efficacy and pathogenesis studies in ducks to Ministry of Agriculture, Vietnam

David Suarez, Qingzhong Yu, Darrell Kapczynski, Patti Miller and David Swayne provided technical
assistance to ARRIAH (Vladimir, Russia), Vector (Novosibirsk, Russia), Institute of Experimental Medicine
(St. Petersburg, Russia) and Ivanovski Institiute (Moscow, Russia) on poultry disease research and on
collaborative projects
Part II: Other activities related to the mandate of OIE Collaborating Centres
4.
5.
Provision of scientific and technical training, within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE, to
personnel from Member Countries of the OIE

Scientists from Libya (2), Mongolia (2), Kazakhstan (1), Egypt (1), Ukraine (2), Indonesia (2), Malaysia (2),
and Algeria (2) were trained in sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of AIV and/or NDV, real-time RT-PCR,
HI assays and virus isolation through individualized two week training programs.*Funded by Department of
State Bioengagement Program

Conducted studies and provided data on molecular changes in H5N1 HPAI viruses and vaccine efficacy and
pathogenesis studies in ducks to Ministry of Agriculture, Vietnam (FAS-funded)

As part of an OFFLU research project scientists from Egypt collaborated in avian influenza vaccine seed strain
selection and included training in RNA extraction and sequencing of AI virus gene segments and phylogenetic
analysis; and vaccine production and vaccination, separation of oil emulsion vaccines, challenge studies,
antisera production, HI and AGID antigen production, antigenic cartography, egg inoculation, tissue culture
techniques, and molecular diagnostics
Organisation of scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE

6.
Stephen Spatz (SEPRL) and Maricarmen Garcia (University of Georgia) co-organized the 5th international
workshop on the molecular pathogenesis of Marek’s disease virus and the 1st symposium on avian
herpesviruses, Oct 17-20. 2010, University of Georgia, Center for Continuing Education, Athens, Georgia,
USA. The workshop and symposium had 108 registered participants from 12 counties. The program included
53 oral and 8 poster presentations. Keynote presentations were given by Karel Schat (Cornel University,
USA), Bryan Cullen (Duke University, USA) and Walter Fuchs (Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany).
Coordination of scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories or
organisations

SEPRL has ongoing collaborations with personnel from the Wildlife Conservation Society for the collection of
swab samples from numerous wild bird species in South America and Mexico. These samples weere
processed for AIV and NDV detection by SEPRL

SEPRL conducted Indonesia AI vaccine efficacy studies and constructed a reverse genetic low pathogenic
H5N1 vaccine seed strain. This project was in collaboration with Ministry of Agriculture in Indonesia, AAHL
(Australia), FAO (Indonesia and Rome), OIE (Paris), USDA/APHIS and USAID.

SEPRL conducted Egyptian AI vaccine efficacy studies and constructed reverse genetic low pathogenic H5N1
vaccine seed strains. This project was in collaboration with National Laboratory for Quality Production (Cairo,
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010
3
Research on Emerging Avian Diseases
Egypt), Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologicals (Cairo, Egypt), FAO (Cairo and Rome),
and USAID.

7.
SEPRL coordinated AI and NDV research with Canada and Mexico National Laboratories through Procinorte
Publication and dissemination of any information within the remit of the mandate given by the
OIE that may be useful to Member Countries of the OIE
 Presentations at International Conferences
Day, J.M., Identification and characterization of RNA viruses in the turkey gut using metagenomics: an abundance
of picornaviruses and other 'small, round viruses'. 59th Western Poultry Disease Conference, Vancouver, British
Columbia, April 18-21, 2010.
Day, J.M., Metagenomics and the poultry gut: using the next generation of nucleic acid sequencing to identify
enteric viruses. 2nd International Symposium on Animal Genomics for Animal Health, Paris, France, May 30 to
June 3, 2010.
Day, J.M., The importance of the avian virome for health. 1st Pancosma Worldwide Scientific Exchange:
Understanding gut biology and microbiology, Paris, France, December 7-9, 2010
Miller, P. Egg production after virulent challenge is differentially affected by the genotype of Newcastle disease
virus (NDV) vaccine.” Investigacion Aplicada, Salud Animal's 10th Scientific Forum, Convencion Annual de
Especialistas en Ciencias Avicolas de Mexico (ANECA), Oaxaca, Mexico. April 28-May 1, 2010
Pantin Jackwood, M.J. Novel routes of transmission of influenza viruses in poultry. Options for the Control of
Influenza Conference, Hong Kong, SAR, China, September 2-7, 2010
Pantin Jackwood, M.J., Innate immune responses to infection with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
in different duck species. XIth Meeting of the Avian Immunology Research Group (AIRG), Budapest, Hungary,
October 6-11, 2010
Spatz, S.J. The genomes of Marek’s disease virus exist as quasispecies at defined intervals during serial passageinduced attenuation. 59th Western Poultry Disease Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada. April 19 – 21, 2010.
Spatz, S.J. Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the Marek’s disease vaccine strain SB-1. 35th Annual
International Herpesvirus Workshop, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, July 24-29, 2010.
Swayne, D.E. Research on Avian Influenza Vaccines: Key Topics and Issues to Improve Protection, Merial
Seminar Series, Cairo, Egypt, April 15, 2010
Swayne, D.E. Virological characteristics of public health concern (what are we worried about), FAO-OIE-WHO
Joint Technical Consultation on Avian Influenza at the Human Animal Interface, Verona, Italy, April 27-29, 2010.
Swayne, D.E., Pathobiology of Avian Influenza in Wild Birds”, New Flubird Symposium, Montpellier, France,
May 10-12, 2010.
Swayne, D.E. H5 and H7 influenza viruses in North and South American wild aquatic birds, International School
of Young Scientists, Epidemiology, Epizootology, and Quick Diagnosis of Infections Carried by Wild Birds, State
Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (Vector) and Institute of Animals Systematics and Ecology,
Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, June 7 - 14, 2010.
Swayne, D.E. Transmission Risk of Avian Influenza Viruses for People,” St. Petersburg Institute for Influenza, St.
Petersburg, Russia, June 17, 2010, and Federal Institute for Animal Health, Vladimir, Russia, June 18, 2010.
Swayne, D.E. Research on Vaccines: Key Topics and New applications, 2nd Global Conference for OIE
Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centers, Paris, France, June 21-23, 2010
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010
Research on Emerging Avian Diseases
Swayne, D.E., Mechanisms of Interspecies Transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses at the Human-Animal
Interface: Examination of Animal Factors,” Options for the Control of Influenza VII, Hong Kong, September 2-7,
2010
Swayne, D.E., OFFLU Contribution to the WHO Vaccine Strain Selection Process, Consultation on the
Composition of Influenza Vaccines for the Southern Hemisphere 2011, World Health Organization, Geneva,
Switzerland 26-29 September 2010
Yu, Q., Estevez, C. N., Zsak, L. Generation and biological assessment of recombinant avian metapneumovirus
subgroup C (aMPV-C) virus lacking the M2-2 gene. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on
Negative Strand Viruses, Brugge, Belgium. p.182., 2010
Zsak, L. Determination and Analysis of the Full-Length Chicken and Turkey Parvovirus Genomes. XIIIth
Parvovirus Workshop, Helsinki, Finland, June 20-24, 2010.
Zsak, L. Role of Maternal Antibodies in Protection against Chicken Parvovirus-induced Runting-Stunting
Syndrome. 1st International Conference on Modern Veterinary Vaccines and Adjuvants in Budapest, Hungary,
November 17-19, 2010

Scientific Publications
Abbas, M.A., Spackman, E., Swayne, D.E., Ahmed, Z., Sarmento, L., Siddique, N., Naeem, K., Hameed, A.,
Rhemani, S. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of H7N3 avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in
Pakistan 1995-2004. Virology Journal 7(1):137, 2010
Belisle, S.E., Tisoncik, J.R., Carter, V.S., Proll, S.C., Swayne, D.E., Pantin-Jackwood, M., Tumpey, T.M., Katze,
M.G. Reprogramming of transcriptional response to 1918 in TNFR and IL1R mice suggests divergent roles for IL1 and TNF-α in host response to highly pathogenic influenza. Journal of Virology doi:10.1128/JVI.01310-10
(published on line 6 October 2010).
Belser, J.A., Wadford, D.A., Pappas, C., Gustin, K.M., Maines, T.R., Pearce, M.B., Zeng, H., Swayne, D.E.,
Pantin-Jackwood, M., Katz, J.M, Tumpey, T.M. Pathogenesis of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and triplereassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses in mice. Journal of Virology 84: 4194–4203, 2010.
Cilloniz, C., Pantin-Jackwood, M., Ni, C., Goodman, A.G., Peng, X., Proll, S.C., Carter, V.S., Rosenzweig, E.R.,
Szretter, K.J., Katz, J.M., Korth, M.J., Swayne, D.E., Tumpey, T.M., Katze, M.G. Lethal dissemination of H5N1
influenza virus is associated with dysregulation of inflammation, hematological function and lipoxin signaling in a
mouse model of infection. Journal of Virology 84:7613-7624, 2010.
Coffee, L.L., Hanson, B.A., Luttrell, M.P., Swayne, D.E., Senne, D.A., Goekjian, V.H., Niles, L.J., Stallknecht,
D.E. Avian paramyxoviruses in charadriform birds. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46(2):481-487, 2010.
Day, J.M., Ballard L.L., Duke M.V., Scheffler B.E., Zsak L. Metagenomic analysis of the turkey gut RNA virus
community. Virology Journal 7:313, 2010
Day, J.M., Zsak, L. Determination and analysis of the full-length chicken parvovirus genome. Virology 399:59-64,
2010.
Eggert, D., Thomas, C., Spackman, E., Pritchard, N., Hernadez, R., Bublot, M., Swayne, D.E. Characterization
and efficacy determination of commercially available Central American H5N2 avian influenza vaccines for
poultry. Vaccine 28(29):4609-4615, 2010.
Eggert, D. Swayne, D.E. Single vaccination provides limited protection to ducks and geese against H5N1 high
pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Avian Diseases 54(4):1224-1229, 2010.
Harris, M.T., Brown, J.D., Goekjian, G., Luttrell, P., Poulson, R., Swayne, D.E., Stallknecht, D.E. Canada geese
and the epidemiology of avian influenza viruses. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46(3):981-7, 2010.
Hunt, H., Jadhao, S., Swayne, D.E. Major histocompatibility complex and host background genes in chickens
influence resistance to high pathogenicity avian influenza virus. Avian Diseases 54(supplement 1): 572-575, 2010.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010
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Research on Emerging Avian Diseases
Pantin-Jackwood, M., Strother, K.O., Mundt E., Zsak L., Day J.M., and Spackman E. Molecular Characterization
of Avian Astroviruses. Arch Virol. 2010 Nov 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Pantin-Jackwood M., Suarez D., Hilt D., Pantin-Jackwood, M., Woolcock P., and Cardona C. Biological
characterization of H6N2 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens. Avian Diseases.
54(1):120-125. 2010.
Khan, T.A., Rue, C.A., Rehmani, S.F., Miller, P.J., and Afonso, C.L. Phylogenetic and biological characterization
of Newcastle disease virus isolates from Pakistan. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 48(5): 1892-1894, 2010.
Kuiken T., van den Brand, J., van Riel, D., Pantin-Jackwood, M., and Swayne, D.E. Comparative Pathology of
Select Agent Influenza A Virus Infections. Veterinary Pathology 47(5):893-914, 2010.
Kulak, M.V., Ilinykh, F.A., Zaykovskaya, A.V., Epanchinzeva, A.V., Evstaphiev, I.L., Tovtunec, N.N., Sharshov,
K.A., Durimanov, A.G., Penkovskaya, N.A., Shestopalov, A.M., Lerman, I., Drozdov, I.G., Swayne, D.E.
Surveillance and identification of influenza A viruses in wild aquatic birds in the Crimea, Ukraine (2006–2008).
Avian Diseases 54(3):1086-1090, 2010.
Kwon, Y.K., Thomas, C., Swayne, D.E. Susceptibility and pathobiology of five species of migratory waterfowl to
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from South Korea. Veterinary Pathology 47(3):495-506, 2010.
Kwon, Y.K., Swayne, D.E. Different routes of inoculation impact infectivity and pathogenesis of H5N1 high
pathogenicity avian influenza virus infection in chickens and ducks. Avian Diseases 54(4):1260-1269, 2010.
Lednicky, J.A., Tuttle, R., Daniels, D.E., Hamilton, S.B., Sosna, W.A., Swayne, D.E. Ferrets develop fatal
influenza more rapidly through inhalation of aerosolized highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1)
A/Vietnam/1203/2004 than by intranasal droplet instillation. Virology Journal 7:231, 2010.
Lira, J., Moresco, K.A., Stallknecht, D.E., Swayne, D.E. Single and combination diagnostic test efficiency and
cost analysis for detection and isolation of avian influenza virus from wild bird cloacal swabs. Avian Diseases
54(supplement 1): 606-612, 2010.
Liu, Y., Mundt, E., Mundt, A., Sylte, M., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E., García, M. Development and evaluation of
an avian influenza (AI) neuraminidase subtype 1 (N1) based serological ELISA for poultry using the
differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) control strategy. Avian Diseases 54(supplement 1):
613-621, 2010.
Marusak, R.A., Guy, J.S., Abdul-Aziz, T.A., West, M.A., Fletcher, O.J., Day, J.M., Zsak, L., Barnes, H.J..
Parvovirus-associated cerebellar hypoplasia and hydrocephalus in day old broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 54:156160, 2010.
McKinley, E., Pantin-Jackwood, M., and Spackman, E. The pathogenesis of H3N8 canine influenza virus in
chickens, turkeys and ducks. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses. 4(6), 353–356, 2010.
Metzgar, D. , Myers, C.A., Russell, K.L., Dennis Faix, D., Brown, J., Swayne, D.E., Thomas, C., Stenger, D.A.,
Lin, B., Malanoski, A.P., Wang, Z., Blaney, K.M., Long, N.C., Schnur, J.M., Saad, M.D., Borsuk, L.A.,
Lichanska, A.M., Lorence, M.C., Weslowski, B., Schafer, K.O., Tibbetts, C. Simultaneous detection and
identification of influenza virus types, subtypes and emergent variants using re-sequencing microarrays. PLOS
One 5(2): e8995, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008995, 2010.
Miller, P.J., Afonso, C.L. Newcastle disease: evolution of genotypes and the related diagnostic challenges.
Infection, Genetics, and Evolution. 10(1): 26-35, 2010.
Miller, P.J., Afonso, C.L., Spackman, E., Scott, M.A., Pedersen, J.C., Senne, D.A., Brown, J.D., Fuller, C.M.,
Uhart, M.M., Karesh, W.B., Brown, I.H., Alexander, D.J., Swayne, D.E. Evidence for a new avian paramyxovirus
serotype-10 detected in Rockhopper Penguins from the Falkland Islands. Journal of Virology 84(21):11496-11504,
2010.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010
Research on Emerging Avian Diseases
Min, J.Y., Vogel, L., Matsuoka, Y., Lu, B., Swayne, D., Jin, H., Kemble, G., Subbarao, K. A live attenuated H7N7
candidate vaccine virus induces neutralizing antibody that confers protection from challenge in mice, ferrets and
monkeys. Journal of Virology 84(22):11950-11960, 2010.
Moresco, K.A., Stallknecht, D.E., Swayne, D.E. Evaluation and optimization of avian embryos and cell culture
methods for efficient isolation and propagation of avian influenza viruses. Avian Diseases 54(supplement 1): 622626, 2010.
Pantin-Jackwood, M., Wasilenko, J.L., Spackman, E., Suarez, D.L., Swayne, D.E. Reproductive tract insemination
infects turkeys with pandemic H1N1 influenza A 2009 virus. Virology Journal 7(3 February 2010):27, 2010.
Pedersen J, Killian ML, Hines N, Senne D, Panigrahy B, Ip HS, Spackman E. Validation of a real-time reverse
transcriptase-PCR assay for the detection of H7 avian influenza virus Avian Dis. Mar;54(1 Suppl):639-43. 2010.
Pfeiffer, J., Suarez, D.L., Sarmento, L., To, T.L., Nguyen, T., and Pantin-Jackwood, M. “Efficacy of commercial
vaccines in protecting chickens and ducks against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from Vietnam.
Avian Diseases. 54(1 Suppl.): 262-271. 2010.
Pillai S.P. S., Pantin-Jackwood, M., Yassine, H., Saif, Y.M., Lee, C-W. The high susceptibility of turkeys to
influenza viruses of different origins implies their importance as potential intermediate host: A Minireview. Avian
Diseases 54(1 Suppl.): 522-526. 2010.
Pillai S.P. S., Pantin-Jackwood, M., Suarez, D.L., Lee, C-W. Pathobiological characterization of low pathogenicity
H5 avian influenza viruses of diverse origins in chickens, ducks and turkeys. Archives of Virology. 155: 14391451. 2010.
Rue, C. A., Susta, L., Brown, C. C., Pasick, J. M., Swafford, S. R., Wolf, P. C., Killian, M. L., Pedersen, J. C.,
Miller, P. J., and Afonso, C.L. Evolutionary changes affecting rapid identification of 2008 Newcastle disease
viruses isolated from double-crested cormorants. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 48(7): 2440-2448, 2010
Sarmento L., Wasilenko J. and Pantin-Jackwood, M. The effect of NS1 Protein exchange on the pathogenicity of
H5N1 viruses in ducks. Avian Diseases. 54(1 Suppl.):532-537, 2010.
Slomka MJ, Densham AL, Coward VJ, Essen S, Brookes SM, Irvine RM, Spackman E, Ridgeon J, Gardner R,
Hanna A, Suarez DL, Brown IH. Real time reverse transcription (RRT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods
for detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and European swine influenza A virus infections in pigs.
Influenza Other RespiViruses 4:277-93, 2010.
Spackman E, Gelb J Jr, Preskenis LA, Ladman BS, Pope CR, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, McKinley ET. The
pathogenesis of low pathogenicity H7 avian influenza viruses in chickens, ducks and turkeys. Virol J. 7:331. 2010.
Spackman E, Day JM, Pantin-Jackwood MJ. Astrovirus, reovirus, and rotavirus concomitant infection causes
decreased weight gain in broad-breasted white poults. Avian Dis. Mar;54(1):16-21. 2010.
Spatz S.J. Accumulation of attenuating mutations in varying proportions within a high passage very virulent plus
strain of gallid herpesvirus type 2. Virus Res, 149 (2):135-142, 2010.
Stittelaar, K.J., Lacombe, V., van Lavieren, R., van Amerongen, G., Simon, J., Cozette, V., Swayne, D.E., Poulet,
H., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. Broad protective immunity in cats vaccinated with a canarypox-vectored avian influenza
vaccine. Vaccine 28(31):4970-4976, 2010.
Susta, L., Miller, P. J., Afonso, C. L., Estevez, C., Yu, Q., Zhang, J., Brown, C. C. Pathogenicity evaluation of
different Newcastle disease virus chimeras in 4-week-old chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod. 42:1785–1795, 2010.
Wasilenko, J.L., Arafa, A.M., Selim, A.A., Hassan, M.K., Aly, M.M., Ali, A., Nassif, S., Elebiary, E., Smith, C.,
Davis, C.T., Balish, A., Klimov, A., Donis, R., Suarez, D., Swayne, D., Pantin-Jackwood, M. Increased virulence
in ducks of Egyptian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Archives of Virology DOI 10.1007/s00705010-0813-y (published on line 30 September 2010).
Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010
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Wasilenko J.L., Sarmento L., Spatz S., and Pantin-Jackwood, M. Cell surface display of highly pathogenic avian
influenza hemagglutinin on the surface of Pichia pastoris cells using alpha-agglutinin for production of oral
vaccines. Biotechnology Progress. Biotechnol Prog. 2010 Mar;26(2):542-7.
Yu, Q., Estevez, C., Song, M., Kapczynski, D., Zsak, L. Generation and biological assessment of recombinant
avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV-C) viruses containing different length of the G gene. Virus Res.
147:182-188. 2010.McKinley, E.T., Spackman, E., Pantin-Jackwood, M.J. The pathogenesis of H3N8 canine
influenza virus inchickens, turkeys and ducks. Influenza and Other resp. Viruses 4:353-356, 2010.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres, 2010