Denniston, 8e
Glossary of Key Terms in Chapter Eleven
addition polymer (11.5) a polymer prepared by sequential addition of monomers.
addition reaction (11.5) a reaction in which two molecules add together to form a new molecule; often
involves the addition of one molecule to a double or triple bond in an unsaturated molecule.
alkene (11.1) a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; an unsaturated
hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n.
alkyne (11.1) a hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds; an unsaturated
hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n-2.
aromatic compound (11.6) a hydrocarbon that contains a benzene ring or that has properties that are
similar to those exhibited by benzene.
geometric isomers (11.3) isomers that differ from one another in the placement of substituents on a double
bond or a ring.
halogenation (11.5) a reaction in which one of the C-H bonds of a hydrocarbon is replaced with a C-X
bond of a halogen atom.
heterocyclic aromatic compound (11.7) a compound having at least one atom other than carbon in the
structure of the aromatic ring.
hydration (11.5) a reaction in which water is added to a molecule.
hydrogenation (11.5) a reaction in which hydrogen (H2) is added to a double or a triple bond.
hydrohalogenation (11.5) the addition of a hydrohalogen (HCl, HBr) to an unsaturated bond.
Markovnikov’s rule (11.5) the rule that states that a hydrogen atom, adding to a carbon-carbon double
bond, is more likely to add to the carbon having the larger number of hydrogens attached to it already.
monomer (11.5) the individual molecules from which a polymer is formed.
phenyl group (11.6) a benzene ring that has had a hydrogen atom removed.
polymer (11.5) a very large molecule formed by the combination of many small molecules (called
monomers).
substitution reaction (11.6) a reaction in which a hydrogen atom attached to a carbon atom is replaced by
another atom or group of atoms.
unsaturated compound (Intro) any hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple
bonds.