Heterotrophic Energy Sources for Streams
I. Components
A. the source - non-;living organic material
B. the microbial community
II. Sources
A. Plant litter
B. Fine particulates
C. Dissolved organic matter
III Classification
A. CPOM
B. FPOM
C. DOM
>1mm
<1mm - > 0.5µm
< 0.5µm
IV Fates
A. mineralization
B. storage
C. export
V. mechanisms
A. leaching
B. microbial colonization
C. fragmentation
1. mechanical
2. invertebrate activity
VI CPOM
A. sources
C. processing
C. fate
V. FPOM
A. sources
B. processing
C. fate
VI DOM
A. chemical make-up
B. fate
Concepts of Stream Trophic Structure.
I. The Longitudinal View
A. Older Views
B. The River Continuum Concept
1. Basics
a. analogy to hydrological equilibrium models
b. follows stream size (order)
c. Stability and Diversity
d. processing
2. The functional approach
a. taxonomic difficulties
b. trophic allocation problems
c. function as related to processing
II. Stream Spiraling
A. Basics
B. Indices and metrics
1. spiraling length S = V*T
2. spiraling index
S = Ft/Rw
C. Utility
III The Serial Discontinuity Concept
A. Regulated rivers
B. Debris dams
C. Location of the discontinuity and the consequences
IV. Patch Dynamics
A. Patch size
B. Patch boundaries
Bilby, 1981. Role of organic debris dams in regulating the export of dissolved and
particulate matter from a forested watershed. Ecol. 62: 1234-1243.
Cummins et al. 1974. Structure and function of stream ecosystems. BioSci. 24: 631-641.
Elwood et al. 1983 Resource spiraling: an operational paradigm for analyzing lotic
ecosystems. pp 3 - 27 IN: Dynamics of lotic Ecosystems . Fontaine and Bartell
eds. Ann Arbor Science
Newbold 1987 et al. Phosphorus dynamics in a woodland stream ecosystem a study of
nutrient spiraling. Ecol 64L 1249-1265
Ward and Stanford. 1983. The serial discontinuity concept of lotic ecosystems. pp 29-42
IN: Dynamics of lotic Ecosystems . Fontaine and Bartell eds. Ann Arbor Science
Pringle et al. 1988. Patch dynamics in lotic systems: the stream as a mosaic. JNABS 7:
503-524
Vannote et al. 1980 The river continuum concept. Can J. Fish. Aquatic. Sci. 37:130-137.