SYLLABUSSES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL PHARMACY
& PHARMACOLOGY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA
FOR
M.Pharm
THESIS GROUP
A.
Theoretical Papers
1.
2.
3.
4.
B.
C.
Clinical Pharmacy
Advanced Pharmacology
Drug Use Management
Toxicology
Thesis
Presentation of thesis work by OHP/
Multimedia including question session
100
100
100
100
400
150
50
_________________
Total= 600
GENERAL GROUP
A. Theoretical Papers
1.
Clinical Pharmacy
2.
Advanced Pharmacology
3.
Drug Use Management
4.
Toxicology
B.
C.
Practical
Viva-voce
100
100
100
100
400
160
40
_____________
Total= 600
1.CLINICAL PHARMACY
1.
Diarrhoea : Aetiology, Pathophysiology, Principles of management, ORT, Super ORS, Drug
therapy Travellers diarrhoea, Clinical manifestation, aetiology andtreatment of Ulcerative colitis,
Crohn’s disease and Pseudomembranous colitis.
2.
Respiratory disorders : (a) Asthma : Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical
manifestations, Investigation, Treatment of Chronic asthma and Acute severe asthma (b) Chronic
obstructive airway disease: Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathopysiology, Clinical manifestations,
Investigations, Treatment.
3.
Endocrine disorders : (a) Thyroid and parathyroid disorders: Epidemiology, Aetiology,
Pathophysiology, Clinical manifestations, Investigation, Treatment (b) Diabetes mellitus :
Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical manifestations, Investigation, Treatment.
4.
Skin disorders : (a) Eczema and psoriasis: Pathophysiology, Clinical features, Clinical types,
Treatment (b) Pressure sores and leg ulcers: Pathophysiology, Aetiology, Clinical signs and
symptoms, Investigations and treatment. (c) Drug induced skin disorders: Diagnosis and
treatment.
5.
Rheumatic disorders ; (a) Rheumatic arthritis and osteoarthritis: Epidemiology, Aetiology,
Pathophysiology, Clinical manifestations, Investigations and treatment (b) Gout and
byperurecemin ; Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical manifestations,
Investigations and treatment.
6.
Racial, gender and ethnic differences in drug response.
7.
Patient counseling and interviewing techniques, Improving patient compliance and patient
monitoring.
8.
Case history, Diagnosis and Drug monitoring.
Practical
(a)
(b)
Case study of different diseases in Govt. Hospitals or, Health Complexes.
Glucose, BUN and serum alkaline phosphates estimation.
2.Advance Pharmacology
1.
Cancer biology and therapy: Introduction to biology of cancer, modes of
treatment: radiotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy including immunology
and gene therapy, Other chemotherapeutic targets including vascular targets,
abnormal tumor physiology, growth factors p53 and papooses and DNA repair.
Relapses and resistance, metastasis, carcinogenesis and genetic predisposition,
diagnostic tests and prognostic factors.
2.
Pharmacology of channels and enzymes : Transduction mechanisms as targets
of drug action, voltage sensitive ion channels-structure and function, K+ channels,
ion channel mutations and their consequences. Voltage sensitive Ca+2 channels
and the pharmacology of their inhibitors. Agonists at -adrenoceptors.
Pharmacology of Na+/K+ ATPase and gap junction.
Contd. Page-2
(2)
3. Gene therapy : Central concept of gene therapy, basic molecular mechanism of gene
transfer, prerequisite of human gene therapy biological transfer, clinical gene therapy
studies, gene therapy for hereditary disease, gene therapy for cancer, gene therapy for
HIV, Practical example of gene therapy: Antisense therapy, basic concept,
mechanism of antisense therapy, examples of antisense therapy for the treatment of
different diseases.
4. Bioinformantion : Definition and concepts, importance of bioinformatics, biological
database, primary sequence database, protein sequence databse, DNA sequence
databse, genome resource web addresses. Multiple sequence alignment. Coiled coil
protain analysis, Importance of multiple sequence alignment for drug design.
Importance of coiled coil peptide for drug design.
5. Neuropharmacology : Molecular and cellular mechanisms, glutamate receptors,
GABA and its reception, catechnolamine receptor, Serotonin receptors, the opiate
receptors strokes, neuro-degeneration. Antiepileptic drugs.
6. Ophthalmology : Overview of ocular physiology and biochemistry, ocular structure,
delivery strategoes, corneal grafting, cataract, contact lens,chemotherapy of microbial
and viral diseases of the eye: steroid and other anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs used
in the treatment of glaucoma, anesthetics, drugs affect the pupil size.
7. Receptors and drug action: Definition, receptors and ligand binding theory,
mechanistic concepts, specific receptor examples : nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,
sodium channels, glutamate receptors, G-protein coupled receptors. Receptor
desensitization and turnover, Families (homolog) and heterogeneity of receptors etc.
Practical :
1.
2.
3.
Determination of protein concentration by Lowry and Bradford method.
Colorimetric analysis of different drugs from blood sample.
Alignment analysis of thymidylate synthase. dihydrofolate reductase and
trypanothione reducatse proteins by the bioinformatics software for the design of
drug molecule against these enzymes.
Contd. Page/3
:3:
3. DRUG USE MANAGEMENT
1.
Problems of Irrational Use of Drugs
Background, Definition of rational use of drugs. Factors effecting irrational use of
drugs, Impact of irrational use of drugs. Examples of irrational use of drugs. Drug
use patterns in developed and developing countries. Changing drug use patterns,
Learning about drug use problems, Changing drug use problems. Collecting data to
learn about drug use, Quantitative methods for learning about drug use.
2 Sampling To Study Drug Use
Introduction, Definition, Different sampling methods Non-probability sampling
methods, Probability sampling methods, Sample size, Practical aspect of sampling,
Case studies.
3. Drug Use Indicator Study:
Introdction, Major drug use indicators : Prescribing indicators, Patient care indicators
study, Sampling Issues, Undertaking the survey, Data collection and entry Analyzing
the data fregentation. Different types of forms, Field visit to identify data sources.
4.Changing Drug Use Practices
Factor influencing drug use. Intervention strategies: Educational, Management and
regulatory stratagies. Farmework for changing drug use practices, Example of
coordinated intervention strategies, impact of training, Changing drug use practices
and different case studies, Principle of persuasive fact to face Education, Principles of
effective persuasive approaches. Advantages of persuasive face to face Education,
Selecting and training of educational program, Practical exercise.
5.Decisions Making for Rational Use Intervention
Introduction , Stages in attacking a drug use problem, Framework for formative and
intervention studies, Needs assessment, Intervention, Options, study designs, Dangers
of a pre-post study, Intervention testing, Planning and intervention Preparation of
research proposals.
6.Role Of Dispensers in Promoting Drug Use Management
Introduction, Definition of dispenser, Dispensing process, Proper and improper
dispensing, Impact of improper dispensing, Dispensing practices to enhance rational
use of drug, Method to improve complain with therapy, Public Vs private sector
dispensing, Patients choice.
Contd. Pag/4.
:4:
7. Effective Public Education
Introduction, Patients, role, Concept of disease etiology. Concept of cure, Concepts
about the therapeutic values of drugs, Effect of promotion and marketing on the use of
drugs, Social marketing Global public education initiatives related to drug use,
Developing a public education strategy. Effective communication systems public
education campaigns on drug use, Examples of public education forms.
8. Standard Treatment
Introduction, Importance of standard treatment guidelines, Standard treatment in the
therapeutic process, Advantages of standard treatment. Key features of standard
treatment, Development of standard treatments, Implementation of standard
treatments, Standard treatment guidelines in different Countries, Case studies,
Standard treatment guidelines for health centers, Designing effective printed
educational materials, Relevance to common drugs use decisions, Case studies.
Practical : Drug Use Management
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sampling health care facilities for drug use Indicator studies.
Collection analysis and interpretation of data for prescribing indicators
Collection. analysis and interpretation of data for patient care indicators
Collection analysis and interpretation of data for health facilities indicators.
4. Toxicology
1. Basic concepts in toxicology : A course overview, including the assessment of toxic
substances, their impact on health and target organs. Introduction to toxicology,
design of toxicity testing. Acute and chronic toxicities. Toxicity study in animal
models.
2. Toxic responses to drugs and chemicals; Classification of different types of
responses according to the biochemical basis and manifestation of toxic effect.
Genotoxicity : mechanism of genotoxicity and carcinogens.
3. The biotranformation of toxins, their inactivation and removal from the body:
An introduction of biotransformation. The cytochrome p450 system-its function,
mechanism of action and regulation. Glutathoine and glutathione-S-transferase-its
function, mechanism of action and regulation,superoxice dysmutase mechanism of
action and regulation, suuperoxide dysmutase, mechanism of action of different
antioxidants.
Contd.P/5
:5:
4. The mechanism of toxin action : DNA damage and its repair, mutagenicity and
carcinogenicity,Cell death and apoptosis. Nuclear hormone receptor mediated toxicity
peroxisome proliferators and environmental oestrogens, Neurotoxicity, intra cellular
free radicals, Risk assessment and toxicity testing.
5. Reactive intermediates; Types of metabolically generated reactive intermediates and
their role in drug toxicity, Eposidation and drug toxicity, N-Oxidation and drug
toxicity, toxicity and sulpher xenobiotics.
6. Target organ toxicity ; Organ and tissue specific toxicity.
7. Pathological and abnormal states ; Effects of various disease processes on drug
metabolism elimination and toxicity.
8. Genetic differences; Species and strain differences in experimental animals. Genetic
polymorphism in human drug metabolism and development of different toxicities.
9. Toxicology of heavy metals; Sources and diagnosis of lead, arsenic and mercuty
poisonin. Acute and chronic toxicities of heavy metals, their mechanism of action.
Pharmaceutical and toxicological effects, metabolism and treatment of the poisoning.
Heavy metal antagonist: role of EDTA, dimercaprol and penicillamine in the
treatment of heavy-metal poisoning, their mode of action and side effects.
Practical :
1.
2.
3.
Study of liver toxicity and kidney toxicity.
Toxic effects of drugs on hematological parameters
Histopathological study of different organs after drug administration.
DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL PHARMACY
AND PHARMACOLOGY
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA
FOR
M-Phil Syllabus
Marks Distribution :
Theoritical
Paper-I ; Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy
Paper-II; Drug Use Management and Toxicology
Total
Thesis
Viva
Grand Total
Marks
100
100
200
200
100
500
PAPER-I
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy
1.
Cancer Biology and Therapy : Introduction to biology of cancer;
Modes of treatment, Radiotherapy. Chemotherapy, Biological therapy
including immunology and gene therapy. Other chemotherapeutic
targets including vascular targets, Abnormal tumorphysiology,
Growth factors, p53 and apoptosis and DNA repair; Relapses and
resistance Metastasis, Carcinogenesis and genetic predisposition,
Diagnostic tests and prognostic factors.
2.
Drug Metabolism : Pathways of drug metabolism, Metabolism of
various groups of drugs, Factors affecting drug metabolism, Methods
of studying drug metabolism. Now aspects of drug metabolism,
Metabolic products of common drugs.
3.
Clinical signs : Symptoms and management of poisoning cases with
pesticides, solvents, vapors gases, food toxin, cyanides, poisons
cosmetics and toxins of animal origin; Over doses of drugs, Drug
interactions etc.
4.
Clinical Pharmacy for OTC Preparations; Antacids and an
iflatulants, Antidiarrhoeal laxatives, emetics
and anti-emetics,
Antihistamins and antiallergen, Analgesics, Contraceptives; EAr, nose
and throat preparations; Dermatological preparations.
5.
Respiratory Disorders ; (a) Asthma: Epidemiology, aetiology,
Pathophysiology, Clinical manifestations, treatment of chronic asthma
and acute severe asthma. (b) Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases:
Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathophysiology,Clincal manifestation,
Investigations and treatment.
1.
PAPER-II
Drug Use Management and Toxicology
Problems of Irrational Use of Drugs : Background and definition of
Rational use of drugs, Factors affecting irrational use of drugs, Impact
of irrational use of drug, Examples of irrational use of drugs. Drug use
pattern in developed and developing countries, Changing drug use
pattern and factors affecting drug use. International network for
rational use of drugs.
2. Standard Treatment : Introduction to standard treatment Importance
of standard treatment guidelines. Salient features of standard
treatment and its advantages, Development and implementation of
standard treatments, Standard treatment guidelines in different
countries.
3.
Basic Concepts in Toxicology : Introduction to toxicology,
Assessment of toxic substances and their impact on target organs,
Tixicity testing and design of toxicity testing Acute and chronic
toxicities. Toxicity study in animal model.
4.
The Biotransformation of Toxins and their Inactivation: An
Introduction to Biotransformation, Biotransformation of toxins and
their inactivation, Role of p-450, superoxide dismutase and
glutathions-transferase in their biotransformation, mechanism of
action of different antioxidants.
5.
Toxicology of Heavy-metals; Acute and chronic toxicity of heavymetals, Sources and diagnosis of lead, arsenic and mercury poisoning.
Their mechanism of action and toxicological effects Treatment of
poisoning and use of heavy-metal antagonists.