‫הפקולטה למשפטים ע"ש בוכמן‬
0226 - 0227 – ‫תשס"ז‬
‫ צידוקים ומדיניות בפלילים‬,‫ הגנות – פטורים‬:‫סמינריון‬
‫פרופ' אלי לדרמן‬
‫נושאי הדיון‬
‫ מיון‬,‫ מושגים‬,‫ כללי – הגדרות‬.‫א‬
Milhizer, Justification and Excuse: What They Were, What They Are, And What They Ought
to Be, 78 St. John's L. Rev. 725 (2004)
Mitchell N. Berman, Justification and Excuse, Law and Morality, 53 Duke L.J. 1 )0222(
Nourse, Reconceptualizing Criminal Law Defenses, 151 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1691 (2003)
Marcia Baron, Justifications and Excuses, 2 Ohio St. J. Crim. L. 387 (2005)
R.A.Duff, Rethinking Justifications, (Symposium: Twenty-Five Years of George Fletcher's
Rethinking Criminal Law) 39 Tulsa L. Rev. 829 (2004)
Jeremy Horder, Excusing Crime Oxford Uni. Pr. 200 HORDER, Jeremy, Excusing crime,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 20 4)
)justifications( ‫ צידוקים‬.‫ב‬
‫ שימוש הגנתי בכוח‬.1
)‫ עשיית דין עצמית‬,‫ הגנת רכוש‬,‫(הגנה עצמית והגנת אחרים‬
‫ הגנה עצמית במשפט הפלילי‬,‫בועז סנג'רו‬
Nourse, Self-Defense and Subjectivity, 68 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1235 (2001)
Diamond, C an "Resistance Against Kidnapping" Justify Lethal S elf-Defense Against
Incapacitated Batterers? 102 Colum. L. Rev. 729 (2002)
Symposium: Twenty-Five Years Of George P. Fletcher's Rethinking Criminal Law: 39
Tulsa L. Rev. (2004)
Re'em Segev, Fairness, Responsibility and Self-Defense, 45 Santa Clara L. Rev. 383 (2005)
Amy J. Sepinwall, Defense of Others and Defenseless "Others", 17 Yale J.L. & Feminism
327 (2005)
Shlomit Wallerstein: Justifying the Right to Self-Defense: A Theory of Forced
Consequences, 91 Va. L. Rev. 999 (2005)
1
Joshua Getzler, Use of Force in Protecting Property: In memoriam J. W. H., 7 Theoretical
Inq. L. 131 (2006).
Whitley Kaufman, Is There a "Right" to Self-Defense?, 23 Crim. Just. Ethics 20 (2004).
‫ צורך‬- ‫ כורח‬.0
Shaun P. Martin, The Radical Necessity Defense, 73 U. Cin. L. Rev. 1527 (2005)
Khalid Ghanayim, Excused Necessity in Western Legal Philosophy, 19 Can. J.L. & Juris.
31 (2005)
Westen & Mangiafico, The Criminal Defense of Duress: A Justification, Not an Excuse - and
Why it Matters, 6 Buff. Crim. L. R. 833 (2003(
Adav Noti, The Uplifted Knife: Morality, Justification, and the Choice-Of-Evils Doctrine, 78
N.Y.U.L. Rev. 1859 (2003(
Trotter, Necessity and Death: Lessons from Latimer and the Case of the Conjoined Twins, 40
Alberta L. Rev. 817 (2003(
Bcrger, Theoretical and Historical Perspectives on the Defence of Necessity, 23 Alberta L.
Rev. 848 (2002(
Horder, Self Defence, Necessity and Duress: Understanding the Relationship 11 Can. J.L. &
Juris. 143 (1998(
Parry, The Virtue of Necessity: Reshaping Culpability and the Rule of Law, 36 Hofs. L. Rev.
397 (1999(
Lugosi, Playing God: Mary Must Die So Jodie May Live Longer. 17 Issues L & .Med. 123
(2001(.
‫ צידוק‬.2
‫ידי הורה או‬-‫ שימוש בכוח על‬,‫ ציות לפקודה‬,‫ שימוש בכוח לשם טיפול רפואי‬,‫(שימוש בכוח לאכיפת הדין‬
)‫אפוטרופוס‬
‫ אחריות והחוק הפלילי – סוגיות משפטיות בראי פילוסופי‬,‫ ציות‬,‫פרוש‬
John Sifton, United States Military and Central Intelligence Agency Personnel Abroad:
Plugging the Prosecutorial Gaps, 43 Harv. J. on Legis. 487 (2006)
James W. Smith, A Few Good Scapegoats: The Abu Ghraib Courts-Martial and the Failure
of the Military Justice System, 27 Whittier L. Rev. 671 (2006).
Jennifer A. Brobst, The Parental Discipline Defense in New Zealand: The Potential Impact of
Reform in Civil Proceedings, 27 N.C. Cent. L.J. 178 (2005)
.Iohnson, Parental Corporal Punishment Defense, 1998 U. I11. L. Rev. 413
2
Young, Parental Discipline as a Defense of Justification, 46 Naval L. Rev. 11)1333(
Solis, Critical Essay: Obedience of Orders and the Law Of War: Judicial Application in
American Forums, 15 Am. U. Int'I L. Rev. 481 (2000(
Mark J. Osiel, Obeying Orders: Atrocity, Military Discipline, and the Law of War, 86
Calif, L. Rev. 939 (1998)
)excuses( ‫ פטורים‬.‫ג‬
‫(א) פגיעה ביכולת‬
"‫ פגיעה "מלאה‬I
‫שפיות ופיגור שכלי‬-‫ אי‬.4
)1391( ‫ אחריותו הפלילית של הלקוי בנפשו‬,‫בזק‬
Julie E. Grachek, The Insanity Defense in the Twenty-First Century: How Recent United
States Supreme Court Case Law Can Improve the System, 91 Ind. L.J. 1479 (2005)
Fischette, Psychopathy and Responsibility, 90 Va. L. Rev. 1423)0222(
Slobogin, The Law Of Mental Illness: Symposium Article: Rethinking Legally Relevant
Mental Disorder, 29 Ohio N.U.L. Rev. 497 (2003)
Reider, Toward a New Test for the Insanity Defense: Incorporating the Discoveries oil
Neuroscience into Moral and Legal Theories, 46 UCLA L. Rev. 289 (1998)
Slobogin, An End to insanity, 86 Va .L. Rev. 1199 (2000)
Williams, Development and Change in Insanity and Related Defenses, 24 Melbourne U.
L.R. 711 (2000)
‫ קטינות‬.1
)‫ ילדים ונוער בראי המשפט (תש"ס‬,‫אמנון סטרנשוב‬
M. Andrew, Age Matters: The Case for a Constitutionalized Infancy Defense, 54 Kan. L.
Rev. 687 (2006)
Gerry Maher, Age and Criminal Responsibility, 2 Ohio St. J. Crim. L. 493 (2005)
Jarod K. Hofacket, Justice or Vengeance: How Young is too Young for a Child to be Tried
and Punished as an Adult?, 34 Tex. Tech L. Rev. 159 (2002)
Elizabeth S. Scott & Laurence Steinberg, Blaming Youth, 81 Tex. L. Rev. 799 (2003)
Mirah Horowitz, Kids Who Kill: A Critique of How the American Legal System Deals
with Juveniles Who Commit Homicide, 63 Law & Contemp. Probs. 133 (2000).
Lara A. Bazelon, Exploding The Superpredator Myth: Why Infancy is the Preadolescent's
Best Defense in Juvenile Court 75 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 159 (1998).
3
Miccucci, 11 Can. J.L.dic Juris. (1998)
Ludwig, 29 Neb. L. Rev.521 (1949-50)
Frederick Woodbridge, Physical and Mental Infancy in the Criminal Law, 87 U. Pa. L.
Rev. 426, (1939)
A.W.G. Kean, The History of the Criminal Liability of Children, 53 Law Q. Rev. 364
(1937)
,‫ שכרות וסמים‬.6
)‫(לרבות פעילות בהשפעת שכרות כרונית‬
Ryan, Intoxicating Encounters: Allocating Responsibility in the Law of Rape, 40 Cal W.
L. Rev. 407 (2004)
Meghan Paulk Ingle, Law on the Rocks: The Intoxication Defenses Are Being EightySixed, 55 Vand. L. Rev. 607 (2002).
Boyne & Mitchell, Death In The Desert: A New Look At The Involuntary Intoxication
Defense In New Mexico, 32 N.M.L. Rev. 243 (2002)
Westen, Egeloff Again 36 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 1203 (1999)
Caller, Bifurcations of Consciousness: The Elimination of the Self-induced Intoxication
Excuse, 64 Mo. L. Rev. 383 (1999)
Ingle, Law on the Rocks: The Intoxication Defenses Are Ileing fiigllty-Sixed, 55 Vand. L.
Rev. 607 (2002)
Keiter, Just Say No Excuse: The Rise and Fall of the Intoxication Defense, 87 J. Crim. L.
& Criminology 482 (1997)
)‫ אוטומטיזם (לרבות פעולות בהשפעת היפנוזה‬.7
Schopp, Automatism, Insanity, and the Psychology of Criminal Responsibility (Camb.
U. Press, 1991)
Grant, While You Were Sleeping or Addicted: A Suggested Expansion of The Automatism
Doctrine to Include An Addiction Defense, 2000 U. I11. L. Rev. 997
Ilealy, 45 McGill L.J. 87 (2000)
Brudner, 45 McGill L.J. 65 (2000)
Grant, 2000 U. ILL. L. REV. 997
Denno, Crime and Consciousness: Science and Involuntary Acts, 87 Minn. L. Rev. 269
(2002)
4
Blume & Johnson, Killing the Non-Willing: Atkins, the Volitionally Incapacitated, and the
Death Penalty, 55 S.C. L. Rev. 93 (2003)
Wilson, The Filtering Role of Crisis in the Constitution of Criminal Excuses, 17 Can. J.L.
& Juris. 387 (2004)
Bernadette Mcsherry, It's A Man's World: Claims of Provocation and Automatism in
'Intimate' Homicides, 29 Melbourne Uni L.R. 905 (2005)
Mike Horn, A Rude Awakening: What to do With the Sleepwalking Defense? 46 B.C. L.
Rev. 149 (2004)
"‫ פגיעה "חלקית‬II
‫(א) אחריות מופחתת וענישה מופחתת‬
‫ אחריות מופחתת‬.9
James Q. Wilson, Moral Judgment: Does the Abuse Excuse Threaten Our Legal
System? (New York: HarperCollins, 1997)
Feld, Competence, Culpability, and Punishment: Implications of Atkins for Executing and
Sentencing Adolescents, 32 Hofstra L. Rev. 463 (2003)
Stephen P. Garvey, Passion's Puzzle, 90 Iowa L. Rev. 1677 (2005)
Nowlin, Taking Aboriginal Justice Beyond Gladue: Canadian Criminal Law in Conflict
with Human Rights, 67 Sask. L. Rev. 59 (2004)
Cotton, A Foolish Consistency: Keeping Determinism Out of the Criminal Law, 15 B.U.
Pub. Int. L.J. 1 (2005).
Nourse (Book review), The New Normatively: The Abuse Excuse and the Resurgence of
17 Judgement in the Criminal Law, 50 Stan. L. Rev. 1435 (1998)
Morse, Undiminished Confusion in Diminished Capacity, 75 J. Crim. L. & Criminology
1 (1984).
Huckabee, Mental Disability: Evidence on Mans Rea Versus the Insanity Defenses, 20
W.St. U.L.Rev. 435 (1993)
Arenella, The Diminished Capacity and Diminished Responsibility Defenses: Two
Children of a Doomed Marriage, 77 Colum. L. Rev. 827 (1977).
Wannop, Battered Woman Syndrome and the Defense of Battered Women in Canada and
England, 19 Suffolk Transnat'l L. Rev. 251 (1995)
5
‫ קינטור‬.3
Susan D. Rozelle, Controlling Passion: Adultery and the Provocation Defense, 37 Rutgers
L. J. 197 (2005)
Stephen P. Garvey, Passion's Puzzle, 90 Iowa L. Rev. 1677 (2005)
Cynthia Lee, Murder, He Wrote: Murder and the Reasonable Man: Passion and Fear
in the Criminal Courtroom ( N.Y. Uni. Pr. 2003)
Caroline Forell, Gender Equality, Social Values and Provocation Law in the United States,
Canada and Australia, 14 Am. U.J. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L. 27 (2006)
Bradford Bigler, Sexually Provoked: Recognizing Sexual Misrepresentation as Adequate
Provocation, 53 UCLA L. Rev. 783 (2006)
Jeremy Horder, Reshaping the Subjective Element in the Provocation Defence, 52 Oxford
J. Legal Stud. 123 (2005)
Joshua Dressler, Why Keep the Provocation Defense?: Some Reflections on a Difficult
Subject 86 Minn. L. Rev. 959 (2002)
Sing, Culture as Sameness: Toward a Synthetic View: of Provocation and Culture in the
Criminal Law, 108 Yale L.J. 1845 (1999)
Littman, Adequate Provocation, Individual Responsibility and the Deconstruction of Free
Will, 60 Alb. L. Rev. 1127 (1997)
Nourse, Passion's Progress: Modern Law Reform and the Provocation Defense, 106 Yale
L.J. 1331 (1997)
Kahan and Nussbaum, Two Conceptions of Emotion in Criminal Law. 96 Colum. L. Rev.
269 (1996)
‫(ב) טעות‬
‫טעות בעבודה‬
12
222 ‫ הפרקליט מ"ב תשנ"ה‬,‫ אינוס בטעות או שמא אינוסה של הטעות‬,‫גרוס‬
Reich, "No Provincial or Transient Notion": The Need for a Mistake of Age Defense in
Child Rape Prosecutions, 57 Vand. L. Rev. 693 (2004)
Carpenter, On Statutory Rape, Strict Liability, and The Public Welfare Offenses Model, 53
Am. U.L. Rev. 313 (2003)
Robin Charlow, Bad Acts in Search Of A Mens Rea: Anatomy of a Rape, 71 Fordham L.
Rev. 263 (2002)
Dannye Holley, Culpability Evaluations in the State Supreme Courts from 1977 to 1999: A
"Model" Assessment, 4 Akron L. Rev. 401(2001)
6
OKo, Unveiling the Cloak of Deception: Determining When Ignorance or Mistake should
Excuse Criminal Responsibility, 23 S.U.L. Rev. 213 (1996)
Singer End Husak, Of Innocence and Innocents: The Supreme Court and Mens Rea Since
Herbert Packer, 2 Buff. Crim. L. R. 859 (1999)
Sendor, Mistake of Fact: A Study in the Structure of Criminal Conduct, 25 Wake forest L,
Rev. 707 (1900)
Simester, Mistakes in Defense, 12 Oxford J. of legal Stud. 295 (1992).
Richard G. Singer, The Resurgence of Mens Rea: II - Honest But Unreasonable Mistake of
Fact in Self Defense, 28 B.C. L. Rev. 459, (1987)
Holley, The Influence of the Model Penal Code's Culpability Provisions on State
Legislatures: A Study of Lost Opportunities, Including Abolishing the Mistake of Fact
Doctrine, 27 Sw. U. L. Rev. 229 (1997).
‫ טעות בחוק‬11
)‫(לרבות הסמכות על פסק דין מוטעה או חוות דעת מוטעית‬
)1399( 161 ‫ מחקרי משפט ו‬,‫ אי ידיעת הדין‬,‫להב‬
)1331( 1 ‫ מחקרי משפט יב‬,‫ טעות במצב דברים‬,‫פלר‬
Davies, The Jurisprudence of Willfulness; The Evolving Theory of Excusable Ignorance,
48 Duke L.J. 341 (1998)
Jones, Making Inadvertent Disclosure of Privileged Information and the Law of Mistake,
48 Emory L.J. 1255 (1999)
Re'em Segev, Justification, Rationality and Mistake: Mistake of Law is No Excuse? It
Might Be a Justification!, Law & Phil. (2005).
Gerald Leonard, Rape, Murder and Formalism: What Happens If We Define Mistake of
Law? 72 U. Colo. L. Rev. 507, 516-17 (2001)
George Fletcher, Mistake in the Model Penal Code: A False Problem, 19 Rutgers L.J. 649
(1988).
Paul H. Robinson, In Defense of the Model Penal Code: A Reply to Professor Fletcher, 2
Buff. Crim. L. Rev. 25 (1998).
Miriam Gur-Arye, Reliance on a Lawyer's Mistaken Advice - Should it be an Excuse from
Criminal Liability? 29 Am. J. of Cri. L. 455 (2001)
http://www.lareau-law.ca/mistakeoflaw.html :‫לרשימת מקורות מפורטת‬
7
‫ מדיניות משפטית‬.‫ד‬
‫ זוטי דברים‬10
Andrew Inesi, A Theory of De Minimis and a Proposal for Its Application in Copyright, 21
Berkeley Tech. L.J. 945 (2006)
Jeremy Scott Sykes, The De Minimis Defense in Copyright Infringement Actions Involving
Music Sampling, 36 U. Mem. L. Rev. 749 (2006)
Pomorski, On Multiculturalism, Concepts of Crime. and the "De Minimis" Defense, 1997
B.Y.U.L. Rev. 51
Wendy Szymanski, A Trifle Worthy of Concern: The De Minimis Defense Applied to the Use of Art
in Film, 26 Colum. J.L. & Arts 411 (2003)
Wilson, Music Sampling Lawsuits: Does Looping Music Samples Defeat the De Minimis
Defense? 1 J. High Tech. L. 179 (2002).
Bradford J. Sandler, Does Denial of a De Minimis Defense to Cercla Liability Help Achieve
a "Polluters Pay" Policy? 13 Temp. Envir L. & Tech. J. 141 (1994)
‫ הטמנת פח‬12
Dru Stevenson, Entrapment and the Problem of Deterring Police Misconduct, 27 Conn. L.
Rev. 67 (0222)
Dru Stevenson, Entrapment by Numbers, 16 J. Law. & Pub. Pol'y 1 (2005)
Joseph A. Colquitt, Rethinking Entrapment, 41 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 1389 (2004)
Richard H. Mcadams, The Political Economy of Entrapment, 96 J. Crim. L. & Criminology
107 (2005).
Kevin A. Smith, Psychology, Factfinding, and Entrapment, 103 Mich. L. Rev. 759 (2005).
Rebecca Roiphe, The Serpent Beguiled Me: A History of the Entrapment Defense, 22 Seton
Hall L. Rev. 257 (2003(
Daniel L. Abelson, Sentencing Entrapment: An Overview And Analysis, 2003, 86 Marq. L.
Rev. 773 (2003(
Schultz,, The Government Burden) in proving Predisposition in Entrapment Cases, 48
DePaul L. Rev. 949 (1999(
Lord, Entrapment and the Due process: Moving Tward a Doul System, 25 Fla. St. U.L.Rev.
463(1998)
8
‫ הגנה מן הצדק‬12
)0222 ,‫ (נבו‬,‫ הגנה מן הצדק‬,‫ישגב נקדימון‬
01 Am. Jur. 2d Criminal Law § 477-478
75A Am. Jur. 2d Trial § 834
18 A.L.R.5th 1
22
C.J.S. Criminal Law § 57
23A C.J.S. Criminal Law § 1283
‫ טיעוני הגנה בתהליך התהוות‬.‫ד‬
,‫ שטיפת מוח‬,‫ גזע‬,‫ הגנה חברתית‬.11
Alison Dundes Renteln, The Cultural Defense (New York: Oxford Uni. Pr., 2004)
David Gray, An Excuse-Centered Approach to Transitional Justice, 74 Fordham L. Rev. 2621
(2006)
Nancy S. Kim, Blameworthiness, Intent, and Cultural Dissonance: The Unequal Treatment of
Cultural Defense Defendants, 17 J. Law. & Pub. Pol'y (2006)
Slobogin, Race-Based Defenses- The Insights of Traditional Analysis 54 Ark. L. Rev. 739
(2002(
Morse, Excusing and the New Excuse Defenses: A Legal and Conceptual Review 02 , Crime
& Just. 329 (1998(
Margulies, Identity on Trial: Subordination, Social Science Evidence, and Criminal Defense,
51 Rutgers L. Rev. 45 (1998(
Smith, Burdening the Least of Us: Race-Conscious Ethics in Criminal Defense, 77 Tex. L.
Rev. 1585 (1999)
Falk, Novel Theories of criminal Defense Based upon the Toxicity of the Social
Environment, 74 N.C.L. Rev. 731 (1996)
Taryn F. Goldstein, Cultural Conflicts in Court: Should the American Criminal Justice
System Formally Recognize a Cultural Defense?, 99 Dick. L. Rev. 141 (1994).
Wen Chen Wu, Culture Is No Defense For Infanticide, 11 Am. U.J. Gender Soc, Pol'y & L.
975 (2003)
Wanderer and Connors, Culture and Crime: Kargar and the Existing Frames or for a Cultural
Defense, 47 Buffalo L. Rev. 829 (1999)
Hannah Yi Crockett, Cultural Defenses in Georgia: Cultural Pluralism and Justice-can
Georgia have Both? 22 Ga. St. U.L. Rev. 665 (2006)
9
‫ מין‬,‫ תסמונות‬,‫ פגם בכרומוזומים‬.16
Meng Shag Liu, Postpartum Psychosis: A Legitimate Defense for Negating Criminal
Responsibility?, 4 Scholar (St. Mary's Law Review on Minority lssues( 339 (2002)
Goldklang, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Black Rage, 5 Va. J. Soc. Pol'y& L. 213
(1997(
Macfarlane, Neonaticide and the "Ethos of fraternity" 5 Cardozo Women's L.J. 175 (1998)
Davidson, Feminine Hormonal Defenses: Premenstrual Syndrome and Postpartum Psychosis,
2000 Army Law. 5
Finkel, Gender and Criminal Defenses: Article: Haute Couture, Poorly Tailored Crimes, and
I11-Fitting Verdicts, 10 Duke J. Gender L. & Pol'y 173 (2003)
Connell, .the Postpartum Psychosis Defense And Feminism: More Or Less Justice for
Women? 53 Case W. Res. 143 (2003)
Gardner, Postpartum Depression Defense: Are Mothers fretting Away with Murder? 24 New
Eng. L. Rev. 953 (1990),
Reece, Women's Defenses To Criminal Homicide and the Right to Effective Assistance of
Counsel: The Need for Relocation of Difference, 1 UCLA Women's L.J. 53 (1991)
Lewicki, Can You Forgive Her? Legal Ambivalence toward Infanticide, 8 S. CaL Interdisc.
L.J 683
Kelly, The Legacy of Too Little, Too Late: The Inconsistent Treatment of Postpartum
Psychosis as a Defense to Infanticide, 19 J. Contemp. Health L. & Pol'y 247 (2002)
Wen Chen Wu, Culture is No Defense for Infanticide, 11 Are. U.3. Gender Soc. Pol'y & L.
975 (2003)
Michelle Oberman, Mothers Who Kill: Coming to Terms with Modern American Infanticide,
34 Am. Crim. L. Rev. 1 (1996)
Carol Sanger, Infant Safe Haven Laws: Legislating in the Culture of Life, 106 Colum. L.
Rev. 753 (2006)
Michelle R. Prejean, Texas Law Made This Mad Woman Sane, 20 Hous. L. Rev. 1487
(2006)
Jessica Butterfield, Blue Mourning: Postpartum Psychosis and the Criminal Insanity
Defense, Waking to the Reality of Women Who Kill Their Children, 39 J. Marshall L. Rev.
515 (2006)
Lucy Jane Lang, To Love the Babe that Milks Me: Infanticide and Reconceiving the Mother
12 Colum. J. Gender & L. 114 (2005)
10